Beyond Metrics: The Role of e-government in Promoting Efficiency, Transparency and Open Data for Sustainable Development

Transcription

1 Tehran, March 5 th 2015 Beyond Metrics: The Role of e-government in Promoting Efficiency, Transparency and Open Data for Sustainable Development Jonas Rabinovitch, Senior e-governance Advisor Department of Economic and Social Affairs United Nations

2 The story of Sumwhere

3 Towards Citizen Satisfaction 1. Sumwhere became very rich 2. Purchased the best software and the best hardware money can buy for each office in the country 3. Retained the best web designers in the world to improve their official website 4. Purchased the fastest technology and broad band equipment to cover the entire country.

4 The Key Questions The Government of Sumwhere became more efficient? Did public services improve as a result?

5 Proposals G2C Sumwhere Proposed Various Services and Applications - National ID - e-passport - Information Social Insurance - e-heath - e-election -e- Driver s License - e-petition - e-pension - e-agriculture

6 Sumwhere s G2B They proposed various services at the same time Information System for Jobs Customs e-contracting Approval and Business Licenses e-patents e-tourism e-commerce

7 Sumwhere s G2G e-tax Immigration management e-education Digital Signature e-land Registry e-mis (Management Infomation System) Groupware e-authentication GIS

8 Sumwhere proposed laws for everything..

9 Law for the promotion Software Ley for the promotion Digital Content Law for e-transactions Law for Commerce Digitization Law Protection of Intellectual Property

10 Implementation Strategy Innovation Processes + BPR Monitoring System Promotion of National ICT Industry

11 Funding Gov Budgets Selling Broadband Rights Commercial IT rights Telecommunications Fund Development Banks Public-Private Partnerships

12 WORKPLAN Timeframe : 2008 a Projects essential for the country 16 Priority Projects Focus on National Portal, e- Education, Integrated Management and Data Centre.

13 Results At the end of 2011, 25 activities (G2C, G2B y G2G) should have been completed. 1 completed (data centre) and 6 are in preliminary stages. 9 did not begin. They were not completed by 2013.

14 WHAT WENT WRONG?

15 What Went Wrong? Fear Job Losses No Administrative Changes ICT use was not adequately inserted in the Work Place Reforms were centred in technology, without looking into institutional memory and work flows

16 Not all civil servants were e-literate and did not receive training for change Resistence to Change Lack of Back-Office Coordination Mechanisms No Human Resource Development Planning

17 Inertia of national bureaucracy "Culture of Power prevented coordination Capacity was taken for granted

18 A support culture and mechanisms for decisionmaking was not established IT designers understood technology but not the Government realities Civil servants and politicians understood Government but not technology Both, IT designers and civil servants thought that computers and ICTs by themselves would change institutional culture of Sumwhere

19 INTEGRATED GOVERNMENT HRSDC CRA VAC and Other Federal Provincial Territorial Third Sector BEFORE EI-Sickness Canada Study Grants CPPD CPP Voc Rehab LMAPD SPP-D Opportunity Fund Medical Exp. Supplement Attendant/Child Care TC Disability Tax Credit Infirm Dependant TC Veterans Disability Pension Veterans Health Care pgm Indian & Northern Affairs Assisted Living program Prov Disability Supports Provincial Disability Income Supplements Provincial Community Supports WCB/LTD Benefits Third Sector Supports Third Sector Community Development In Person Phone Mail Internet In Person Phone Mail Internet In Person Phone Mail Internet In Person Phone Mail Internet In Person Phone Mail Internet In Person Phone Mail Internet In Person Phone Mail Internet Client Segment Persons With Disabilities Service Strategy Disability Supports Skills Development and learning Employment Income Community Capacity AFTER Outcomes * Examples of Service Offerings Medical Exp. Supplement Veterans Health Care pgm Prov Disability Supports Third Sector Supports Infirm Dependant TC Canada Study Grants CPP Voc Rehab Attendant/Child Care TC Employment Benefits and Support Measures LMAPD Opportunities Fund EI-Sickness CPPD Disability Tax Credit Veterans Disability Pension Provincial Disability Income Supplements WCB/LTD Benefits SPP-D Indian & Northern Affairs Assisted Living program Integrated Channels * Health and Well-being is Provincial Community Supports a sixth outcome that is not 19 captured in this diagram Third Sector Community Source: Ramesh Gupta and Service Canada Development 19 Integrated Channel Management In Person Phone Internet Mail

20 LESSONS

21 Lessons legal framework Laws are important but not sufficient to change the institutional culture in a country

22 Sumwhere Lessons - Institutional Action Planning, no SAP E-Government is related to political processes but does not replace them Clear decision-making structure is key with a strong institution to guide the process Balance between Security and Freedom of Information: A Government does not have to disclose what it does not want to disclose State Modernization and e-government Structure should become a National Objective

23 Lessons Human Resources Gradual Development in line with Capacity National Human Development Plan combined with e-gov implementation strategy Institutional Implementation developed together with education for ICT use at all levels

24 Lessons Infrastucture and Resources E-strategy linked to energy strategy Broad Band Coverage Governmental Networks Multi-channel approach Hability to connect diferent public institutions Use of M-Government Commitment to a longer-term plan

25 Main Issues E-Government is becoming a driving force in promoting transformative change in Governments worldwide. How is this process happening? What are the most advanced examples and why? How do we measure this change and what lessons have been learned in this process? 25

26 New technologies - Mobility and Access Top 10 by number of internet users: China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Russia, Nigeria, Philippines, Brazil, Mexico, USA Mobile Technologies (Over 6.8 billion mobile subscriptions; 2.7 billion online; increasing demand for smartphones) 26

27 A Reflection on e-government Is it about just putting an e in front of everything? e-health, e-education, e-agriculture, e-procurement, etc.. Question: e-services? 27

28 Examples of E-services Income taxes: declaration, notification of assessment Personal documents: passport and driver s license Certificates (birth and marriage): request and delivery Job search services by labor offices Social security benefits Car registration (new, used, imported cars) Application for building permission Declaration to the police (e.g. in case of theft) Public libraries (availability of catalogues, search tools) Enrollment in higher education/university Announcement of moving (change of address) Health related services (interactive advice on the availability of services in different hospitals; appointments for hospitals, vaccination announcements) 28

29 Examples of M-Government Applications Filing personal income with Intuit s SnapTax app on iphone or Android phones Texting for disaster relief fund Payments Emergency Announcements and Public Information Distribution of public health notices, public policy announcements, transportation information, solicitation of input (i.e., open review period), setting priority in public projects, etc. can be done by engaging citizens in social networks 29

30 Governance - Broader than Government (G) State (national, state and local levels) Creates Enabling Political and Legal Environment Facilitates Political and Social Interaction Generates Jobs, Income, Goods and Services (P) Private Sector (formal, informal, corporations, SMEs, etc) Civil Society (C) (societal, institutions and individuals) Jonas Rabinovitch

31 Transactional services online 31

32 E-Participation Trends Countries with online e-participation policies 32

33 Channel use for each stage of the UN model of e-government development 33

34 Usability Features Number of countries with selected usability features 34

35 List of channels (non-exhaustive) 35

36 Youth Unemployment and Information Youth unemployment in Bangladesh, Ghana, Indonesia and Spain: Job search challenges Source: Daves & Marom

37 Sub-Regional Trends - ASIA The EGDI in Southern Asia shows negative growth compared to global growth. Eastern Asia is more stable with less growth, while Western Asia with highest e-gov development growth. 37

38 Republic of Korea Digital Budget and Accounting System (DBAS) Integrating all existing financial systems and consolidating fiscal processes of 51 central government agencies, while linking 55 external systems and local governments and public entities Government 3.0 Open cooperation, providing customized services for the citizen with people s active participation 38

39 Sri Lanka One for All- Government Information Center M-government services; e.g. train schedules, job opportunities abroad, flight schedules, exam results, economic indicators, medical services and contact details; Jumped from 115 th rank in EGDI in 2012 to 74 th in

40 Nepal On the Road to the Knowledge Based Society Rank fell from 130 th in 2003 to 165 th in 2014 Eight projects with priority for the e-government transformation: government portal, national ID, e-education, infrastructure, enterprise architecture, Public Key Infrastructure, Integrated Data and Training Center and groupware 40

41 New Zealand Online transactional services at the forefront of government transformation The Government aims to have all new services offered online by 2017; Collaboration among departments, supported by strong leadership in the form of a Government CIO, is seen as crucial to moving transactional services online and transform public sector ICT 41

42 Singapore National Environment Agency Singapore (NEA) Use of smart technologies to share environmental data (e.g. air quality, public health and weather) with government agencies and the public; NEA contributed to the development datasets including weather information such as air quality, weather forecast, heavy rain warning, climate change, location of recycling bins; Using smart phone technologies, NEA has co-created several mobile applications with private sector partners through crowd sourcing ideas from the public 42

43 Australia e-ace Project in Australia: providing language content to integrate communities Local information has been made available in multiple languages and residents, including low income earning, migrants or the children of migrants, are easily able to access local employment and training opportunities 43

44 Pakistan The SMS-based literacy programme for women In its fourth phase, it aims to educate 1,500 illiterate women in Punjab and Sindh using tutorials sent via text messages in Urdu; At least 4,000 women have previously benefited from the same programme; 44

45 UK, USA, Kenya m-government for gender equality and social inclusion Women s use of Internet and mobile phones has a powerful impact on sustainable development, from connecting to healthcare, to tele-working and securing income for family with e-banking; Multichannel approach to service delivery opens options for greater gender equity and closing the gender divide; FixMyStreet (UK) and SeeClickFix (USA): a map-based citizen reporting platform that enables the public to report and track non-emergency related issues Ushahidi (Kenya): a citizen reporting platform that provides tools for communities to crowdsource real-time information like using web, , social media and SMS text service 45

46 M-Government for environmental protection and disaster management UNESCAP The importance on the use of ICTs and mobile technology for disaster risk reduction was reiterated in the report of the Committee on ICT Bangladesh through its Disaster Management Bureau (DMB) developing an SMS-based disaster warning system; The Japanese Government leveraging mobile technology for emergency information: evacuation instructions and reports from the current disaster system 46

47 E-Government Database The United Nations welcomes you to our interactive e-government Development Database (UNeGovDD)

48 Regional and Global Challenges Open Government Freedom of Information Acts Freedom of Information Data Protection Cyber-security

49 Regional & Global Challenges Front Office and Back-office Interface Interoperability: Technological, Institutional and Semantic

50 Conclusions and Recommendations Asian countries show the highest levels of disparity worldwide in terms of online presence; The decrease in the rankings in Central and Southern Asia could be attributed to insufficient telecomunications infrastructure and online presence; Countries with high rankings show longer-term commitment to e-gov. Development, leadership, strong national education policies, institutional coordination and consistent investments in infrastructure. 50

51 Thank You Part 2-51