Delhi, Greater Mumbai, Ahmadabad, Bangalore, Chennai, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Pune, Surat

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1 Overview The introduction of Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) in 2005 as a flagship Project of the Ministry of urban Development (MoUD), Government of India, aimed at planned development of the cities and towns with focus on renewal of urban infrastructure and services and improving governance has been one of the major initiatives in the urban sector since independence. Effective management of cities through augmentation of infrastructure and governance under JNNURM demands cross learning and sharing of experiences and hence an initiative of Peer Experience and Reflective Learning, (PEARL) was launched on January 31, 2007 to support cities to actively pursue activities in implementation of projects and reforms by learning and experience sharing. The JNNURM cities have been divided into following groups: a) Mega cities; b) Industrial cities; c) Mixed economy; d) Cities of cultural and Religious Significance e) Hill cities The main objective of pearl is to create manageable networks between JNNURM cities put in different groups (as below) for cross learning and sharing knowledge on urban reforms to make cities more livable, economically vibrant and environmentally sustainable. Table 1: Cities of Different Groups Group A- Mega Cities, with Global Character in Socio- Economic Profile Group B- Industrial Mega cities Group C- Mixed Economy Cities Service/ Trade/ Institutional functions Group D- Cities of cultural and Religious Significance Group E- Hill Cities Group E- Hill Cities Delhi, Greater Mumbai, Ahmadabad, Bangalore, Chennai, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Pune, Surat Faridabad, Ludhiana, Cochin, Vishakhapatnam, Kanpur, Coimbatore, Jamshedpur, Asansol, Dharwad, Indore, Nasik, Vadodra, Nagpur, Rajkot Patna, Bhopal, Jaipur, Lucknow, Meerut, Jabalpur, Vijayawada, Guwahati, Jammu, Raipur, Ranchi, Thiruvanthapuram, Bhubaneswar, Chandigarh Madurai, Varanasi, Agra, Amritsar, Allahabad, Panaji, Bodhgaya, Ujjain, Puri, Ajmer-Pushkar, Mysore, Pondicherry, Mathur, Haridwar, Nanded, Porbender, Tirupathi Srinagar, Dehradun, Nainital, Shimla Itanagar, Imphal, Shilong, Aizawal, Kohima, Gangtok, Agartala 1

2 MoUD has nominated the National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA) as the national Coordinator to Coordinate overall Pearl activities and has identified Network Convener and knowledge Managers (KMs) for the city groups. Following potential KMs have been identified: Table 2: Knowledge Managers Knowledge Manager Mega cities Association AIILSG, Mumbai City Managers Association of MP (CMAMP), Bhopal CEPT, Ahmadabad UAA, Nainital CRRID Network Convener Mega cities Forum Nagpur Agra Agra Nainital Chandigarh The activities that are being carried out under the PEARL programme are: Help the KMs/partners to document various best practices related with project development, financing and construction as well as reforms under JNNURM. Set up a website and publish periodic newsletters for exchange of information, innovation and initiatives. Help KMs/partners organize three group workshops of participating ULBs and Knowledge Managers to exchange experiences and lessons learned. Organize a national workshop on the status and experience of PEARL network. To achieve the objectives it is envisaged to form groups and strengthen networks amongst JNNURM cities having similar socio- economic profile, complexities of urban problems and issues, size and urban growth patterns along with natural affinity to peer city. Therefore cities with similar urban issues and character have been put together in the same group. 2

3 Workshop on Industrial Group Cities- Peer Experience and Reflective Learning (PEARL) Programme under JNNURM Introduction In the series of experience sharing workshops Centre for Research in Rural and Industrial Development (CRRID) and National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA) organized a National Workshop on Industrial Group Cities-Peer Experience and Reflective Learning (PEARL) Programme under JNNURM on 8 th June 2012 at CRRID, Chandigarh. It was sponsored by the Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India under PEARL, Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM). The agenda of the programme is enclosed (Annexure A). The workshop was attended by 26 participants representing Kanpur Municipal Corporation, Chandigarh Municipal Corporation, Municipal Corporations of Ambala, Panipat, Yamunanagar, Chandigarh Housing Board (CHB), Directorate of Urban Development, Himachal Pradesh, Centre for From L to R Mr. M.P. Singh, Prof. Vijay Dhar, Mr. Manoj K. Teotia, Prof. Ranvinder Sandhu at the Opening Session of the PEARL Workshop held at CRRID Campus, Sector 19, Chandigarh Research in Rural and Industrial Development (CRRID), Chandigarh, National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA), New Delhi, Guru Nanak Dev University (GNDU), Amritsar and others. List of the participants is attached (Annexure B). The workshop was divided into five sessions. 3

4 The Objective of the PEARL Workshop: An important objective of the workshop was to bring together urban managers, practitioners, civil society and academic organizations working in the industrial group cities under JNNURM to promote learning of best practices and failures in implementing JNNURM projects. Another objective was to enable the cities to learn from each other and strengthen the PEARL network of industrial group cities. Inaugural Plenary: Welcome Address In the inaugural session Mr. Manoj Kumar Teotia, Assistant Professor (HUDCO Chair Coordinator), CRRID started the proceedings of the day and gave welcome address with introductory remarks about the panel of speakers and the invitees from various states. He appreciated deeply Mr. M.P Singh, IAS, Secretary to Governor, Punjab for his presence and noted his contributions to the field of local urban affairs over the past years. He said such types of Peer Experience and Reflective Learning workshop are important at this juncture as half of our population is going to be urbanized by Hence, the thrust must be on sharing and replicating our best practices. Mr. J.P. Gupta, IAS (Retd), Former Chairman, First Punjab Finance Commission chaired the inaugural session; Prof. Vijay Dhar, NIUA, New Delhi set the context; Dr. R.S. Ghuman, Professor Nehru SAIL Chair, CRRID gave vote of thanks. Mr. J. P. Gupta followed with a brief background of the JNNURM in the light of the state of urban affairs prior to the introduction of the scheme. He stressed on the great possibility provided by the JNNURM for cities to undertake major urban development works. He spoke briefly about innovative taxation policies (such as parking fee) and also the difficulties of completing urban infrastructure development projects prior to JNNURM when no direct assistance was available Source: Daily Post, June 9, 2012, Chandigarh from the Government of India to the municipalities. The introduction of the JNNURM in 2005 was a tremendous step towards making massive reform based assistance available for 4

5 urban development and renewal of degenerated areas. He re-iterated that though the progress was initially poor but due modifications and policy checks were introduced with time and some of the states have benefitted tremendously from the mission. At the same time, he mentioned that North India has not benefitted much so far due to certain taxation loopholes, political reasons and poor implementation of reforms agreed by the states with the Central Government. He also referred to the report of Ahluwalia committee huge need of funds for urban infrastructure and need of extending JNNURM for next 20 years with suitable modifications. Inaugural Address: Mr. M.P. Singh started his inaugural address with the message of the need of persistent efforts in the field of local governance on a daily basis and involvement of the highest order. He said that urban sector has been facing crucial challenges due to the constant growth in urban population and the resulting complexities. Giving an example of Abohar town where the sewerage system had collapsed many years back and needed to be re-laid at a huge cost. He spoke of the extreme difficulty in funding of that order which would be required for such a big project undertaking. Here, the JNNURM provides a window where state governments and urban local bodies can undertake major projects easily by implementing reforms. Also, he explained that there are no hidden stakeholders in the scheme and the benefits are solely for the residents of the city. Yet, he remembered an initial reluctance on the part of Mayors, Ministers, etc towards city development plans which; when finally introduced, benefitted the people in general and officers in particular by increasing their knowledge about their own cities which is crucial for the success of any programme or activity in urban sector. In this way, JNNURM changed mindsets. 5

6 Some states benefited greatly from JNNURM. Here, he cited the example of Indore city bus service which makes the experience of travelling within the city comfortable and pleasant improving the lifestyle of the residents and giving ease to visitors. In the seven years that JNNURM has been in operation, there has been varying degree of success in different cities as modifications are needed as per local conditions. He pointed out that wherever there has been maximum involvement of the residents, the success rate has been higher. In conclusion, he strongly Above: Mr. M.P. Singh, IAS, Secretary to Governor, Punjab addressing the participants in inaugural session. Below: Participants at the workshop stood with the belief that although urban governance is a tough business and giving up would be an easy option, it is possible to make a difference and become change agents together. After self introduction, Professor Vijay Dhar elaborated that "Peer Experience and Reflective Learning" (PEARL) is an initiative under JNNURM to support cities to actively pursue activities in implementation of projects and reforms. NIUA conducts such workshops at state level across the country so that peer experience and reflective learning can be documented and shared at a common place i.e. India Urban Portal. Documenting best practices will certainly be a readymade capsule for the others to adopt and replicate it. He said the reason why NIUA is holding such consultation at micro level is so that awareness can be created for documentation of best practices. He shared that NIUA also conducts workshop on reflective learning by involving developed and developing economies of the world in Latin America, Middle East and Asia etc. He thanked CRRID team and Asst. Professor Teotia for providing local support in mobilizing and liaisoning with participating ULBs and also in being a local partner in the one day workshop. He thanked the representatives of ULBs for sparing their precious time in the one day workshop. 6

7 Participants during the National Workshop on Industrial Group Cities under PEARL, JNNURM Shri J P Gupta welcomed and introduced the presenters. Shri Gupta before opening presentations said that PEARL has proven to be an excellent in monitoring & evaluation of JNNURM and documentation of best practices and urban innovations. It has also build capacity of ULBs in sharing the best practices. He said Chandigarh has fairly done in terms of providing housing and basic services to urban poor. Presentation 1: PEARL Background and Objectives Presenter: Prof. Vijay Dhar, NIUA Prof. Dhar in his presentation on PEARL first classified cities into six categories viz. Mega Cities, Industrial Mega cities, Mixed Economy cities, Cultural/religious cities, Hill cities, North East Hill cities. Further he elaborated about documenting the best practices and innovations at local level. In his presentation, he intended to explain the ways of documentation in a specified format developed by NIUA and its submission to the India Urban Portal. He said, the main objective of NIUA is to bridge the knowledge gap between the diverse ULBs in the country. Prof. Dhar highlighted the objective of Knowledge sharing and crosslearning among JNNURM cities through effective knowledge networking as the heart of the PEARL workshop. He also informed the participants of related activities being carried out for the same purpose. These were: The PEARL website (India Urban Portal) Documentation of Urban Initiatives Quarterly Newsletter - PEARL Update 7

8 National and Group Workshops Exposure Visits and Twinning of Cities Capacity Building Programmes He mentioned that a documentation of best practices and creation of archive resources was a vital exercise in facilitating cross-learning and also gave examples of exposure visits and discussion forums as being effective tools used successfully in the past. Specifically for the Industrial group cities, he outlined the following points of consideration: Issues and constraints faced in implementing JNNURM in Industrial Cities. Identifying Knowledge Needs of Mission Cities and Strengthening of Cityto-City learning modes: people, ideas, institutions & resources Institutional and technical Capacity Building of ULBs Scaling-up to make PEARL website an Urban India Knowledge Hub Document urban initiatives from Industrial Cities for PEARL report Session II City Presentations: Urban Initiatives and Reform Implementation Session Chair: Professor Ranvinder Singh Sandhu,GNDU, Amritsar Prof. Sandhu welcomed and introduced the presenters. He said lack of capacity has played an important role in lowering the status of Punjab. It needs a comprehensive revamp of the whole system and simultaneously have to learn from other states who have carried out development works under JNNURM. He invited Mr U N Tiwari to speak on Integrated Solid Waste Management in Kanpur. 8

9 Presentation 1: Integrated Solid Waste Management in Kanpur Presenter: Shri UN Tiwari, Additional Commissioner, MC, Kanpur Establishing effective Solid Waste Management as one of the major issues facing urban areas in the country, Shri Tiwari mentioned the crucial aspect of envisioning and executing an integrated project keeping in mind- Synergy of operation Optimizations of Resources recovery Total Accountability Sustainability of operation Landfill burden reduction Cross subsidizations of operational costs He highlighted the following key questions to be kept in consideration while establishing a sustainable solid waste management program: Collection, Transportation and disposal involves cost How to make it sustainable? Harness resources to subsidies the cost Adopt appropriate technologies and operational practices Introduce the concept of Polluters to PAY The Solid waste management Project for Kanpur Nagar Nigam has been approved by Govt. of India and was carried out in collaboration with A2Z infrastructure Pvt. Ltd. inclusive of Door to Door Collection, Primary Transportation, Transfer Station, Secondary Transportation, Recourse Recovery, Disposal of Remnants In SLF, Power Generation from Refused Derived Fuel. The approved cost of the project is lacs. Per capita quantity of solid waste generated in the town is kg/day Total quantity of solid waste generated in the town as per DPR-1447 tons/day 9

10 Various products from Waste: - Compost 40-50% Refused derived fuel 30-35% Plastic seat 10 to 35% Interlocking tiles 2% This has resulted in the total and timely removal of MSW, recovery of resources, generation of compost to improve agricultural productivity & sustainability, reduction of air and water pollution, reduction of land requirement to 10% and up gradation of sanitation system in Kanpur city. Session III City Presentations: Urban Initiatives and Reform Implementation Session Chair: Professor Ranvinder Singh Sandhu,GNDU, Amritsar Presentation: Challenges in Managing Urban Service Delivery: Sharing the HP Experience Presenter: Dr. Purnima Chauhan, IAS, Director, Urban Development, Government of Himachal Pradesh Dr Purnima Chauhan spoke extensively of the Global economic shift which has fuelled urban growth in India too. Further, she highlighted that without adequate investment in public health, the human development index of India cannot be improved in a real way. Here, she mentioned that bottlenecks in both urban and rural infrastructure have been eroding the country s competitiveness. She gave the example of Japan in the case of water supply innovations regarding health safety wherein double piping was avoided and one quality of water was supplied for all purposes. The users in this case were charged in full but were entitled to recycle water at their own level. She also explained the case of Rajasthan and Gujarat where transferrable development rights for eg. Extra FAR were introduced in addition to cross-subsidization measures. She outlined the following measures for urban service delivery and quality of local governance: Financing 10

11 Standardising, Enforcing policy, statutes, Regulations, reliable databases Capacity Building of Elected reps /officials for grassroots level ownership Citizen centric emphasis on efficient equitable, accessible, inclusive service delivery The Operational Challenges for ULBs were stressed upon in specific relation to mountain areas. Mr. Chaudhary, Executive Officer, Municipal Council, Parwanoo further elaborated upon some of the measures taken by Himachal state towards sustainable and health preserving reforms in the urban sector. He pointed that the state had won many awards for plastic waste management measures as well as other critical urban issues where innovative practices were adopted such as: w.e.f. January, 1999 incorporating Rain Water Harvesting Systems in all buildings was made compulsory. A State Level Task Force monitors compliance. Also, Innovative sanitation through the root zone of Phragmatis cumminus plant in a natural way and Ward Level Solid waste management were talked about. The road map for the future challenges was centered around Converge Conserve Capacity augmentation Cost Benefit Cut Flab Since, the issue of climate change is much more sensitive to hilly areas and the pressure on land is far more, these measures and reforms are criticallimportant to preserve the city fabric for the future. 11

12 Session IV: City Presentations Presentation: GIS based Property Tax reforms, Kanpur Presenter: Shri UN Tiwari, Additional Commissioner, MC, Kanpur Shri Tiwari elaborated on the Objective of the KMC On-line Property Tax Management System Using Geospatial Technology as: Developing required infrastructure, software, property tax Assessment List, online property tax calculation, information & payment system based on Geographical Information System (GIS). He explained the following key features of the policy: 1. For the first time the e-governance is GIS enabled and forms a Spatial decision support system in a local government. 2. The system has resulted in enhancing the coverage by more than 50% & property based tax revenue to two times as compared to the system that existed prior to the introduction of the GIS based application. 3. The other positive fallouts of this Endeavour have been: Transparency in governance Reduction in delays in government processing of grievances Online tax payment and status verification facility removes intermediary agents facilitating the same. Better revenues for investments into civic facilities Presentation: Urban Reforms (A Case of Rajkot Municipal Corporation) Presenter: Professor Vijay K Dhar Prof. Dhar introduced the urban initiatives carried out in the city of Rajkot in the following sectors, stressing upon replication, scalability and sustainability of the practices adopted. Solid Waste Management Transport m-governance He outlined the following lessons learnt from the case study of Rajkot city initiatives: 12

13 Reduction in human dependency and lesser human intervention leads to error free administration mgovernance reduces gap between organization and citizen Service delivery mechanism becomes more effective Effectiveness of payment reminder service shows that most of the citizens are ready to pay their dues if proper follow up is taken. Vaccination alert resulted in decrease in drop out ratio of vaccination and VPD has become almost nil Trust on local government system has increased drastically It is a win-win situation for both citizens and organization Presentation: Integrated water and waste water management practices, Chandigarh Presenter: Mr. Rajender, Executive Engineer, Municipal Corporation Chandigarh Mr. Rajender spoke about the city beautiful Chandigarh which was originally planned to be developed in three phases for a population of 5.00 lacs only with 40% built up area, 40% green area and 20% for road network whereas the population has increased manifold and there is a growing pressure for water supply and waste management. The main points outlined in the presentation were: The main points outlined in the presentation were: Chandigarh has a vision to make the water supply 24 X 7. To reduce Unaccounted for Water by identifying losses. Better surveillance and monitoring of Water received and pumped from different water works. Better surveillance and efficient operation and maintenance of pumping machinery. Generation of data for MIS for cost effective decision making. Reduction in manpower Reduction in recurring cost More reliable water supply system 13

14 Presentation: Housing for the Urban Poor: A case of Chandigarh Presenter: Manoj K Teotia, Assistant Professor (HUDCO Chair Coordinator), CRRID Mr Manoj K Teotia, in his presentation talked about the initiatives taken for housing for the urban poor in Chandigarh under BSUP of JNNURM. He said that increasing urbanization is aggravating housing problem and resulting in increase in the land prices. Developed land is not supplied according to the demand which results in mushrooming growth of slums and squatter settlements. He spoke of rapid urbanization that has given rise to the excessive demand for basic amenities resulting in deterioration in the physical environment like excessive density without adequate streets, lights, drainage, parks etc, inadequate livelihood options in slums, over crowded private schools in slums, poor housing conditions and inadequate water supply, waste management. He stressed on an inclusive urban agenda to counter some of these issues. He stated that Chandigarh has experienced urban explosion during last three decades. According to 2011 Census, Chandigarh had an urban population of lakhs. But the urban demographic transition in Chandigarh has not accompanied by the corresponding improvement in housing, basic services and livelihood. Slums and poverty have emerged two major problems due to rapid urbanization in Chandigarh and there has been a multifold increase in the population of slum dwellers and households living in unauthorized colonies. The Census of India indicated that population in jhuggi/jhopri colonies of Chandigarh grew to 0.58 lakh persons in 1991 and further to 1.07 lakh persons (13.24% of the total urban population) in In a Biometric Survey conducted by Chandigarh Administration, slum families in 18 slum colonies were identified for providing housing to the poor. Chandigarh Administration through Chandigarh Housing Board (CHB) has been making efforts from time to time to provide housing and basic services to the poor. The Administration has been providing land to the Board at the concessional rate of Rs.40/- per sq. yard although the development cost is Rs.55/-per sq. yard. The land is on a 99 years lease; same as in the case of auctioned plots. The period for paying for the dwellings through monthly installments vary from 18 years from economically bear sections to 10 years for middle income group. Till March 2011, the CHB has constructed a total of houses of various categories. About 46% of these were meant for the economically weaker section (EWS), primarily in peripheral colonies, for re-settling of un-authorized settlements. Another 19% were for the Low Income Group (LIG), 22% for the Middle Income Group (MIG) and 13% for the High Income Group (HIG). 14

15 PEARL Workshop Proceedings 2012 He cited many completed works under this project such as Sector 38 (west), Ram Darbar, Sector 49 while construction on Flats is in progress and 1653 Slum families have already been rehabilitated in Pre-fab shelters at Sector-52 (1613) and Sector 56(40), and 1318 Slum families are already rehabilitated in Flats at Industrial Area Ph-I (103), sector 56 (708) and Sector-38(W) (507 families). He cited the success of Chandigarh by enumerating the awards received by the city in recent years such as: Award for providing quality sanitation in 2010, Best City for Planned Habitat for Urban Poor in Chandigarh also ranks first in India in the Human Development Index (HDI). Valedictory Address: Shri. Nitin Kumar Yadav, IAS, Joint Secretary, Finance Development, Government of Haryana Shri. Nitin Kr. Yadav elaborated on the fiscal challenges of urban local bodies and the need for better fiscal management systems, devolution of funds and powers and collection of taxes. He spoke about innovative reforms that have taken place in the urban sector in terms of egovernance, mgovernance, Human Resource management, Infrastructure etc. and at the same time mentioned the challenges and hindrances faced by ULBs especially in terms of taxation and resource mobilization. He stressed on the need for incentivizing rather than creating grants as well as the necessity for ULBs to raise capital citing the example of Ahmedabad. He re-iterated the need for urban reform proposals to be grounded in reality, and aimed towards improving the fiscal state of urban local bodies by being bankable and efficient solutions. Prof. S.K.Mangal concluded the session by thanking Shri. Nitin Yadav for his remarks and stressed upon the need for capacity building of MCs. He also expressed concern about the proper execution of bankable solutions as mentioned but was optimistic for future innovations and urban reforms. 15