Sandford Fleming. Surveyor for the CPR Sets Standard Time for North America

Transcription

1 National Policy

2 Alexander Mackenzie Achievements: Formed the first Liberal administration of the Dominion of Canada 1873 Secret Ballot 1874 Founding of Royal Military College 1874 Creation of Supreme Court of Canada1875 Creation of the Office of the Auditor General 1878 Leader of the Opposition

3 Sandford Fleming Surveyor for the CPR Sets Standard Time for North America

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9 Alexander Mackenzie PM: Speech From the Throne She s long enough, ain t she, Johnny? Aye, aye. All length and no breadth, like a tapeworm! Never mind, she ll go down nicely all the same.

10 MacDonald Returns in begins his National Policy campaign

11 Canada in the late 1870s Recession Americans were undercutting Canadian businesses MacKenzie delays building the CPR to link BC America passed the Canada Annexation Act 1866

12 MACDONALD S NATIONAL POLICY

13 1) Macdonald Raises Tariffs From 15% to %!!

14 1878 John A. Macdonald on the Formation of the National Policy... The resolution speaks not only of a reasonable adjustment of the tariff but of the encouragement and development of interprovincial trade. That is one of the great objects we should seek to attain. Formerly, we were a number of Provinces which had very little trade with each other, and very little connection, except a common allegiance to a common Sovereign, and it is of the greatest importance that we should be allied together. I believe that, by a fair readjustment of the tariff, we can increase the various industries which we can interchange one with another, and make this union a union in interest, a union in trade, and a union in feeling. We shall then grow up rapidly a good, steady and mature trade between the Provinces, rendering us independent of foreign trade, and not, as New Brunswick and Nova Scotia formerly did, look to the United States or to England for trade, but look to Ontario and Quebec, -- sending their products west, and receiving the products of Quebec and Ontario in exchange.

15 Impact of National Policy Tariffs Positive Protects Infant Canadian Industry Protects Jobs in Canada Helps create new Industry Transfers technology to Canada Keeps Canadians in the country Raises revenue for the government Helps create East-West/national economy

16 Impact of National Policy Tariffs Negative Beginning of branch-plant economy = American control Industry is restricted to our national market = small Not enough jobs created emigration continues Industry is uncompetitive, weak must continue to protect it Regional and class bias; profits central Canada and the industrial class Higher prices in the East and West for Central Canada s manufactured goods Frequent corruption associated with the tariffs Increases the cost of living, decreases the standard of living

17 2) Settling the West

18 Dominion Lands Act 1872 Free land to those who would pay $10 registration fee (160 acres) Not the best land Best land reserved for the CPR Free if you settle and develop the land Clear it, farm it, settle it for at least 3 years 2007 Claude Bélanger, Marianopolis College

19 Reasons for Western Settlement Create an agricultural settlement to purchase manufactured goods from Central Canada Protect from American annexation

20 Source: The Canadian Pacific Railway traversing the great wheat region of the Canadian northwest. New York: American Bank Note Co., [ca. 1883]. Ref. No.: NMC

21 3) Canadian Pacific Railway

22 The CPR Syndicate Hugh Allan was cut from the CPR when Mackenzie took over Incorporated February 16th, 1881 Syndicate received: $25 million dollars 25 million acres of land around the railway Monopoly over transportation to the US for 20 years Railway had to be complete within 10 years.

23 George Stephen Born in England 1829 Moved to Canada in 1850 Gets wealthy off of developing railways President of the Bank of Montreal Moves back to England 1888

24 Donald Smith Born in Scotland 1820 Becomes chief commissioner of HBC in 1870 Helped negotiate Manitoba s entry into confederation Didn t support MacDonald in the Pacific Scandal

25 James Jerome Hill Born in Upper Canada 1838 Moved to the US to find a job Gets rich off of Coal trading Gets into the CPR because it would increase his trade in Minneapolis

26 James Hill s House St Paul s, Minneapolis

27 William Van Horne Construction of the CPR is moving too slowly so Van Horne is hired to manage the project and speed it up (1882) Connected Winnipeg to Calgary by 1883!

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29 Andrew Onderdonk Responsible for the CPR from Port Moody to Savona (near Kamloops) 1880 Contracted to continue to Eagle Pass and runs out of money in 1885

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31 1881 Lower Fraser Valley

32 1882 Logging Train

33 Carrying Rail Ties

34 CPR Money troubles 1883 the Syndicate had used most of its money to build the railway in the Prairies Government only paid the CPR upon completion of sections Government passes a bill to front $22.5 million to the CPR CPR passes Kicking Horse Pass(instead of Yellowhead Pass) 1883 Would move the line through more fertile belts in the prairies Closer to the US

35 Kicking Horse Pass 1890

36 Last Spike (Eagle Pass BC - Craigellachie) November 7, 1885 the two lines meet Donald Smith Drives in the Last Spike Who don t you see??

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38 First train from Montreal arriving in Vancouver July of 1886

39 CPR Station and Docks Vancouver 1888