The Age of Absolutism. Chapter 16

Transcription

1 The Age of Absolutism Chapter 16

2 Philip II Absolute Monarchy: reigned with complete authority over the government Divine Right: rule came directly from God Guardian of the Roman Catholic Church Inquisition against Protestants

3 Philip II Protestant England: Reasons for sending the Armada Queen Elizabeth I: a protestant supporter - Philip s enemy! the Protestant Dutch knighting the Pirate Francis Drake The Armada A large fleet was sent to invade England but was devastated by weather and smaller and faster ships

4 An Empire Declines Philip s successors ruled far less ably than he had Heavy Taxes High Inflation

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6 Henry IV of France Religious strife Amongst the Catholics and Huguenots (Protestants) St. Bartholomew s day massacre: 1572 : 1000s of Huguenots killed Edict of Nantes Henry converted to Catholicism Allowing religious toleration Laid the foundation of absolute government

7 Louis XIII Henry IV was assassinated; Louis took the throne at age 9 Cardinal Richelieu: advisor for the next 18 years Destroyed the Huguenots and the nobles Cardinal Mazarin was Richelieu s successor Louis XIV inherited the throne in 1643

8 An Absolute Monarch Rises Louis XIV believed in Divine Right; called himself the Sun King I am the State Did not rely on the Estates General (council with representatives from all social classes) Cemented ties with the wealthy middle-class Had the strongest army in Europe Jean-Baptiste Colbert: finance minister imposed mercantilists policies to bolster the economy

9 Versailles An immense palace Elaborate ceremonies Levee: rising of the king each day Nobles would take care of the king DlsFpQA

10 A Strong State Declines Louis XIV ruled for 72 years Poured vast resources into wars Upset the balance of power in Europe; by taking more territory The expulsion of the Huguenots troubled the French economy; 100,000 fled

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12 Parliament Triumphs in England The Tudors (1485 to 1603); Henry VIII created the Church of England. The Stuarts ( ) James I: lectured about divine right Dissolved parliament Clashed with Puritans. Eventually most Puritans moved to America

13 The Long Parliament Political Revolution Parliament tried and executed his chief ministers, including Archbishop Laud. Charles led troops into the House of Commons to arrest the radicals Civil War ( ) Cavaliers vs. Roundheads Oliver Cromwell was the leader of the Roundheads

14 A King is Executed Parliament set up a court trial In January 1649, Charles I was beheaded No ruler could claim absolute power and ignore the rule of law A republic developed and Oliver Cromwell became leader and made parliament more powerful.

15 From Restoration to Glorious Revolution For fear of religious civil wars, parliament invited Mary and her husband William III to take the throne

16 The English Bill of Rights Superiority of Parliament over the monarchy Habeas corpus- Parliament power of laws Established a limited monarchy Toleration Act, 1689: granted limited religious freedom to all of those not involved in the Church of England Catholics had no religious freedom

17 Constitutional Government Evolves Political Parties Emerge Tories and Whigs The Cabinet System Parliamentary advisors The Prime Minister Current: Theresa May Since 2016 Leader of the majority party of the House of Commons Chief official of the British government

18 Assignment -Draw 3 pictures that represent 3 ways the Glorious Revolution in Europe impacted the United States. (522 in book) -If you can t think of pictures you can list and explain the three ways

19 Assignment -Draw 3 pictures that represent 3 ways the Glorious Revolution in Europe impacted the United States. (522 in book) -You must use color and write a caption under each picture. -Make your pictures relatively big on the paper.

20 Section 4 Austria and Prussia - German states!

21 The Rise of Austria & Prussia The Thirty Years War Ravages Europe Holy Roman Empire: 17th Century saw a patchwork of states (German princes ruled them) In theory they were led by the Holy Roman Emperor Holy Roman Emperor had no power German princes fighting for power North was Protestant while the South was Catholic

22 A series of wars... Began in Czech Republic (back then it was Bohemia) Wanted to suppress the Protestants Protestants fought back throw out window! Erupts into all out war Heavy loss of life Habsburg Austria grows and attempts to unite

23 Maria Theresa Daughter of Emperor Charles VI - Became ruler when he died Had to fight hard for people to accept and respect her - She did earn it! Fought against Prussia Got Hungary on her side Strengthened Habsburg power by reorganizing bureaucracy and improving tax collection

24 Conclusion? How does it end? Ultimately Austria and Prussia continue to battle for control of all of the German states Britain and France compete to develop their overseas empires in the expanded world There would be conflicts among these groups over time and over several continents

25 Section 5 Russia!

26 Absolute Monarchy in Russia Peter the Great Modernizes Russia Journey to the West Policy of westernization Autocratic power at home Controlling the Church and the Nobles Boyars were forced to serve in civilian or military Allowed the owning of land and control over serfs Modernizing with Force Improved education and technology No mercy for those who resisted

27 Peter Expands Russia s Borders Seeking a Warm-Water Port Building St. Petersburg Peter the Great s Legacy Pushed to the Black Sea but met defeat from the Ottomans Window on the West Expanded Russia s territory, created a mighty army Use of terror to enforce his absolute power

28 Catherine the Great Rise to Power Married at age 15; a group of Russian army officers murdered her husband An Enlightened Ruler Embraced western ideas; esp. French A Ruthless Absolute Monarch Increase stranglehold on serfs