132. What type of government exists in Brazil? A. communist B. monarchy C. presidential democracy D. parliamentary democracy

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1 SS6CG2 The student will explain the structures of national governments in Latin America and the Caribbean. a. Compare the federal-republican systems of the Federative Republic of Brazil (Brazil) and the United Mexican States (Mexico) to the dictatorship of the Republic of Cuba (Cuba), distinguishing the form of leadership and the role of the citizen in terms of voting and personal freedoms. Government of the Federative Republic of Brazil The government of Brazil is a federal government. Power is divided between the central government and the state and local governments. The government is very large. Brazil is a presidential democracy. The citizens elect the president, and they elect the members of the legislature, which is called the Congress. Citizens of Brazil have many freedoms, and they also have the right to vote. Men and women who are years old may choose to vote. Citizens who are years old are required by law to vote. Those over 70 may choose to vote. There are many political parties. Most parties have particular beliefs that attract followers. Others center on particular people. Brazil is a country that enjoys an average level of freedom compared to other countries in the world. Personal property rights are not always protected, and the court system cannot be trusted to help people in all cases What type of government exists in Brazil? A. communist B. monarchy C. presidential democracy D. parliamentary democracy 133. Which term describes how political power is distributed in Brazil? 134. One way that Brazil s government is different from the U.S. government is that it A. has a president as chief executive. B. does not allow 16-year-olds to vote. C. requires citizens aged to vote. D. has a legislature called the Congress. 60

2 GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED MEXICAN STATES The government of Mexico is a federal government. Power is divided between the central government and the state and local governments. Mexico is a presidential democracy. The citizens elect the president who can serve one 6-year term. They also elect the members of the legislature, which is called the Congress. Citizens of Mexico have many freedoms, and they also have the right to vote. Men and women who are citizens aged 18 years or over may choose to vote. There are many political parties. Most parties have particular beliefs that attract followers. Others center on particular people. Mexico is a country that enjoys an average level of freedom compared to other countries in the world. The court system is managed by the central government, and is not totally independent of the president What type of government exists in Mexico? A. monarchy B. communist C. parliamentary democracy D. presidential democracy 136. Which term describes how political power is distributed in Mexico? 137. One way that Mexico s government is different from the U.S. government is that A. the president is the chief executive. B. the legislature is called the Congress. C. citizens 18 years old and over may vote. D. presidents can only serve one 6-year term. 61

3 GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF CUBA The government of Cuba is a unitary government. Power organized from a strong central government controls each of the smaller units in the country. Cuba is a communist dictatorship. The citizens do not elect the president. The president is appointed by the National Assembly of People s Power. Citizens may vote for members of the National Assembly of People s Power, but only for candidates approved by the Communist Party of Cuba. The Communist Party controls the central government and all aspects of smaller units of government. Citizens of Cuba have few freedoms. Men and women who are citizens aged 16 years or over may choose to vote, but they have few options. Only one political party is allowed. It has been controlled by Fidel Castro and his brother Raúl since Cuba is one of the least free countries in the world. The government controls nearly all aspects of life. There is little opportunity to own personal property. The government is large and controls almost all businesses, factories, and farms What type of government exists in Cuba? A. monarchy B. dictatorship C. presidential democracy D. parliamentary democracy 139. Which term describes how political power is distributed in Cuba? 140. Which statement about political parties is true about Cuba? A. There are many political parties. B. There is only one legal political party. C. The leader of a political party cannot be president. D. Those running for office may not be in the Communist Party. 62

4 Use the following chart to answer questions A Comparison of the National Governments of Brazil, Mexico, and Cuba Brazil Mexico Cuba Full Name Chief Executive Federative Republic of Brazil president (elected for 4-year term; 2 term limit) United Mexican States president (elected to 6-year term; 1 term limit) Distribution of Power federal federal unitary Citizens Role Citizens Level of Personal Freedom (1 = most free; 159 = least free) World Average is year-olds and those over 70 may vote; year-olds are required to vote must be 18 years or older to vote Republic of Cuba president (unlimited terms); also serves as first secretary of the Communist Party must be 16 years or older to vote Legislature Congress Congress National Assembly of People s Power Political Parties many; people are free to join any they wish many; people are free to join any they wish one: Cuban Communist Party PCC; membership is very restricted Level of personal freedom calculated by the State of World Liberty Project. The scale examines freedom to travel and trade, protection of personal property rights, freedom to conduct business, and taxation level. The United States is ranked very free with a score of Citizens of which country are considered to have the least freedom? A. Cuba B. Brazil C. Mexico D. United States 142. Which country requires most adults to vote? A. Cuba B. Brazil C. Mexico D. United States 143. Which pair of countries have governments that are most similar? A. Brazil and Cuba B. Mexico and Cuba C. Brazil and Mexico D. Cuba and United States 63

5 SS6CG3 The student will explain the structure of the national government of Canada. a. Describe the structure of the Canadian government as a constitutional monarchy, a parliamentary democracy, and a federation, distinguishing the role of the citizen in terms of voting and personal freedoms. STRUCTURE OF THE CANADIAN GOVERNMENT The government of Canada is a constitutional monarchy. The monarch (king or queen) of the United Kingdom is the head of state and traditional symbolic leader of the country. The king or queen has little real power. The constitution of Canada explains how the government is organized. The constitution also explains the rights of the citizens of Canada. The constitution includes limits on the power of the king or queen of the United Kingdom. Canada has a parliamentary democracy. In a parliamentary democracy, citizens elect members of parliament called MPs, who in turn elect the prime minister. The prime minister is the chief executive of the country and heads the military, enforces laws, and keeps the country running day to day. The prime minister also leads the parliament. MPs are elected to serve for a certain amount of time, but the parliament can be dissolved and elections held again if the prime minister feels the government is not working well. If MPs believe that the prime minister is not making good decisions, they can vote to have new elections. Canada also has a federal government. Power is divided between the central government and ten provinces. Canada s provinces can write their own laws and elect their own leaders. Parliaments in the provinces are organized in a way similar to the parliament of Canada. Instead of choosing a prime minister, provincial parliaments choose a premier. Citizens of Canada have many freedoms, and they also have the right to vote. Men and women who are citizens aged 18 years or older may choose to vote. There are several political parties. The main political parties are Bloc Quebecois, Conservative Party of Canada, Green Party, Liberal Party, and New Democratic Party. Canada has a level of personal freedom that is among the highest in the world. Citizens have the freedom to travel and trade. Personal property rights are protected by laws and enforced by an excellent court system What type of government exists in Canada? A. monarchy B communist C. presidential democracy D. parliamentary democracy 145. Which term describes how political power is distributed in Canada? 64

6 146. One way that Canada s government is different from the U.S. government is that Canada A. has a federal form of government. B. allows citizens 18 years old and over to vote. C. elects leaders to make laws and run the government. D. has a monarch that is a king or queen as head of state Which describes a right of the people in Canadian provinces in the federal system of Canada? A. They can choose a new viceroy. B. They can print their own money. C. People can elect a new king or queen. D. People can elect their representatives to provincial parliaments. 65