THE PROMISE OF DEMOCRATIZATION IN HONG KONG NDI POST-ELECTION REPORT #5. July 30, 1998 APPENDICES

Transcription

1 THE PROMISE OF DEMOCRATIZATION IN HONG KONG NDI POST-ELECTION REPORT #5 July 30, 1998 APPENDICES I. Details of Functional Constituencies Used in 1998 II Election Committee III Voter Turnout: Geographical Constituencies IV Voter Turnout: Functional Constituencies V Direct Elections to LegCo: Vote Totals by Constituency VI. Hypothetical Results for Fully Direct Elections to LegCo VII. Members of LegCo Elected in 1998

2 I. Details of Functional Constituencies Used in 1998

3 APPENDIX V DETAILS OF FUNCTIONAL CONSTITUENCIES USED IN 1998 CONSTITUENCY 1 ELECTORS VOTING SYSTEM USED IN 1998 YEAR FIRST USED OPEN TO FOREIGN PASSPORT HOLDERS 1. Urban Council Members of the Provisional Urban Council preferential 1991 NO elimination 2 2. Regional Council Members of the Provisional Regional Council preferential elimination 1991 NO 3. Heung Yee Kuk (Rural) Chairmen and Councillors of the Heung Yee Kuk (rural committees) preferential elimination 1991 NO 4. Education Registered education professionals 5. Legal Members of HK Bar Association 6. Accountancy Registered education professionals 7. Medical Registered medical practitioners and dentists 8. Health Services Registered health service professionals 1991 NO 1991 YES 1991 YES 1991 NO 1991 NO 1 Each functional constituency elects one representative to LegCo, except for the Labor constituency which elects three. 2 See page 14 of the report for a detailed description of the voting systems used in the functional constituencies.

4 9. Engineering Registered engineering professionals 1991 YES 10. Architectural, Surveying and Planning Registered professionals and members of professional association 1991 YES 11. Social Welfare Registered individuals and corporate members of HK Council of Social Service NO 12. Real Estate and Construction Corporate members of trade associations 1991 YES 13. Tourism Corporate members of trade associations 14. Commercial I Corporate members of the HK General Chamber of Commerce 15. Commercial II Corporate members of the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce 16. Industrial I Corporate members of the Federation of Kong Industries Hong 17. Industrial II Corporate members of the Chinese Manufacturers Association of HK 18. Finance Registered and licensed banks and deposit-taking companies 1991 YES 1991 YES 1991 NO 1991 YES 1991 NO 1991 YES 3 Amended upon passage to include Kaifongs, or neighborhood associations.

5 19. Financial Services Corporate members of HK Exchanges 1991 YES Labor -- three seats Registered trade unions NO 23. Sports, Performing Arts, Culture and Publication Corporate members of trade associations and corporate entities 1998 NO 24. Import and Export Corporate members of trade associations and corporate entities 1995 YES 25. Textiles and Garment Corporate members of trade associations and corporate entities 1995 NO 26. Wholesale and Retail Corporate members of trade associations and corporate entities 1995 NO 27. Information Technology Individual and corporate members of trade associations 1998 NO 28. Agriculture and Fisheries Corporate entities preferential elimination NO 29. Insurance Corporate entities preferential elimination YES 30. Transport 154 Corporate entities (as specified in the electoral law Schedule 1) preferential elimination NO 4 In 1998, a third labor constituency seat will be added to the two created in Included in 1995 as part of Primary, Production, Power and Construction. 6 Included in 1995 as part of Financing, Insurance, Real Estate and Business Services. 7 Included in 1995 as part of Transport and Communication.

6 II Election Committee

7 ** eligible voters in each subsector choose number of electors as indicated to the right Subsector Voters 1998 ELECTION COMMITTEE 800 ELECTORS Commercial, Financial and Industrial Sector electors 11 electors from each subsector: Catering; Employers' Federation of Hong Kong; Hong Kong Chinese Enterprises Association; and Hotel. 12 electors from each subsector: Commercial I; Commercial II; Finance; Financial Services; Import and Export; Industrial I; Industrial II; Insurance; Real Estate and Construction; Textiles and Garment; Tourism; Transport; and Wholesale and Retail. Subsector Voters Professional Sector electors 20 electors from each subsector: Accountancy; Architectural, Surveying and Planning; Chinese Medicine; Education; Engineering; Health Services; Higher Education; Information Technology; Legal; and Medical. LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL 10 MEMBERS Subsector Voters Labor, Religious and Social Secto Service Sector electors 40 members from each subsector: Agricultural and Fisheries; Labor; Religious; Social Welfare; and Sports, Performing Arts, Culture and Publication. Subsector voters Political Sector electors (* denotes ex-officio electors) *36 Hong Kong deputies to the National People's Congress (NPC); *60 members of the Provisional Legislative Council (PLC); 41 Hong Kong members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Committee (CPPCC); 21 members of the Heung Yee Kuk (Rural committees); 21 members of the Provisional Urban Council; and 21 members of the Provisional Regional Council.

8 III Voter Turnout: Geographical Constituencies

9 APPENDIX III 1998 Voter Turnout Geographical Constituencies CONSTITUENCY VOTER TURNOUT TURNOUT RATE* % Hong Kong Island 309, Kowloon East 263, Kowloon West 206, New Territories East 332, New Territories West 377, TOTAL 1,489, * Based on the number of registered voters in the constituency. Source: South China Morning Post, May 25, 1998.

10 IV Voter Turnout: Functional Constituencies

11 APPENDIX IV 1998 Voter Turnout Functional Constituencies 1 CONSTITUENCY VOTER TURNOUT TURNOUT RATE (percentage of registered voters) TURNOUT RATE (percentage of eligible voters) Regional Council Urban Council Insurance Transport Agricultural and Fisheries Labor Real Estate and Construction Industrial II Financial Services Information Technology Sports, Performing Arts, Culture and Publication 2, Engineering 3, Wholesale and Retail 1, Education 40, In many functional constituencies, the number of electors registered decreased between the close of voter registration and election day. Some individuals registered in a functional constituency gave up their voting privilege in that constituency to become an elector on the 800-person Election Committee. In other instances, registered corporate electors did not designate an Authorized Representative, the individual who would cast a ballot on behalf of the corporate elector. These registered corporate electors could not exercise their voting privilege on election day. The turnout rates above are based on the number of registered voters on election day.

12 Legal 2, Medical 4, Accountancy 5, Health Services 14, TOTAL 77, Source: Hong Kong s Registration and Electoral Office (REO).

13 V Direct Elections to LegCo: Vote Totals by Constituency

14 APPENDIX V 1998 Direct Elections to LegCo Vote Totals by Constituency PARTY HKI KE KW NTE NTW TOTAL DP 143, , ,079 84, , ,635 DAB 90, ,296 44,632 56,731 72, ,428 The Frontier 101,811 46,696* 148,507 ADPL 39,534 19,500 59,037 Liberal Party 7,485 5,854 33,858 3,138 50,335 Citizens Party 39,251 2,382 41,633 Independents/others 1 26,850 6,339 2,302 51,023 86, ,668 HKI=Hong Kong Island KE=Kowloon East KW=Kowloon West NTE=New Territories East NTW=New Territories West ADPL=Association for Democracy and People s Livelihood DAB=Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong DP=Democratic Party * This figures for the Frontier excludes votes won by Leung Yiu-chung, a member of the organization who ran under the banner of the Neighborhood and Workers Service Centre. 1 Includes independent candidates and candidates affiliated with smaller parties or political groupings. These minor parties include the Atlas Alliance, the Neighborhood and Workers Service Centre, the New Territories Alliance and the 123 Democratic Alliance. None of these groups ran lists in more than one geographical constituency. One group, the New Territories Alliance, had a relatively strong performance Territories West constituency. The group won 38,627 votes (6.9 percent) in that constituency, a better showing than both the ADPL and the Liberal Party. A total of nine independent candidates ran in the direct elections.

15 Leung s list received 25,905 votes (10.3 percent) in the New Territories West constituency Direct Elections to LegCo Percentage of Votes for Political Parties (%) PARTY HKI KE KW NTE NTW TOTAL DP DAB The Frontier * 10.0* ADPL Liberal Party Citizens Party Independents/others Source: South China Morning Post, May 26, 1998.

16 VI. Hypothetical Results for Fully Direct Elections to LegCo

17 APPENDIX VI Hypothetical Results for Fully Direct Elections to LegCo, Based on Vote Totals from the 1998 Direct Elections PARTY HKI (12) KE (9) KW (9) NTE (15) NTW (15) TOTAL DP DAB The Frontier 5 3* 8* ADPL Citizens Party 2 2 Liberal Party 1 1 NTA 1 1 Independents 2 2 ADPL=Association for Democracy and People s Livelihood DAB=Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong DP=Democratic Party NTA=New Territories Alliance * Includes seat won by Frontier member Leung Yiu-chung on separate list. This chart shows the number of seats that political parties would have won in a hypothetical direct election of all 60 seats in LegCo. The exercise assumes that the five geographical constituencies used for this year s election would remain, only with three times the number of seats as elected this year nine for Kowloon East and West, 12 for Hong Kong Island and 15 for New Territories East and West. It also assumes that parties would have received the same number of votes that they did during this year s vote, and that the same least remainder method of proportional representation would have been used to allocate seats to lists of candidates.

18 To illustrate, below are the percentages of votes that each party list received from this year s direct elections in the Kowloon West constituency: DP 55.1 percent DAB 21.7 percent ADPL 19.2 percent Liberal Party 2.4 percent Atlas Alliance 1.1 percent Assuming that the number of seats elected from this constituency was nine (three times the number that it elected this year) and that the same system of proportional representation was used, the quota for one seat in the constituency would be the total number of votes divided by nine, or 11.1 percent. Party lists would thus gain one seat for each quota of 11.1 percent that they received. DP 4 seats DAB 1 seat ADPL 1 seat Liberal Party 0 seats Atlas Alliance 0 seats After the initial allocation, the remaining three seats would be awarded to the party lists with the highest remaining total of votes (the system in place for this year s direct elections): DP (11.1 x 4) = 10.7 percent DAB (11.1 x 1) = 10.6 percent ADPL (11.1 x 1) = 8.1 percent Liberal Party (11.1 x 0) = 2.9 percent Atlas Alliance (11.1 x 0) = 1.1 percent The three remaining seats would thus go to the DP, the DAB and the ADPL, which would bring the total number of seats for the three parties to five, two and two. Were the number of seats in each constituency actually tripled, parties most likely would have run additional candidates on each list, which could have affected the outcome of the vote. Nonetheless, these figures give some sense of the scale of the number of seats parties would have won this year had all 60 seats been directly elected, using the system already in place for the direct elections.

19 VII. Members of LegCo Elected in 1998

20 APPENDIX VII Results of Direct Elections to LegCo (20 seats) PARTY NUMBER OF SEATS Democratic Party (DP) 9 Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong (DAB) 5 The Frontier 4 Citizens Party 1 Independents 1 Results of Indirect Elections to LegCo (40 seats) PARTY NUMBER OF SEATS Liberal Party 10 Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong (DAB) 5* Hong Kong Progressive Alliance (HKPA) 5 Democratic Party (DP) 4 Independents 16 Party Representation in 1998 LegCo (60 seats) PARTY NUMBER OF SEATS Democratic Party (DP) 13 Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong (DAB) 10* Liberal Party 10 Hong Kong Progressive Alliance (HKPA) 5

21 The Frontier 4 Citizens Party 1 Independents 17 * Includes one candidate, Chan Kwok-keung, who joined the party the week after winning a seat in the labor functional constituency elections as an independent candidate.