The French Revolution Vocabulary and Napoleon 6-4 Section 4 Hundred Days: (1815) period that marks that time between Napoleon s return to Paris from

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1 The French Revolution Vocabulary and Napoleon 6-4 Section 4 Hundred Days: (1815) period that marks that time between Napoleon s return to Paris from Elba (March 20), his final defeat at Waterloo (June 18) and the restoration of King Louis XVIII (June 28) Prince Klemens von Metternich: Austrian statesmen and diplomat; he was the Austrian representative a the Congress of Vienna Indemnity: compensation that is paid to a nation for the damage inflicted upon it. Reactionary: an extremist who not only opposes change but also wants to undo certain changes.

2 The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4 Main Idea Napoleon s Fall After defeating Napoleon, the European allies sent him into exile and held a meeting in Vienna to restore order and stability to Europe. Content Statement/Learning Goal: Explain how Enlightenment ideas influenced the American Revolution, French Revolution and Lain American wars for Independence.

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4 1) Disaster and Defeat /The Russian Campaign The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4 Russia Czar Alexander I didn t like French troops on western border Sends troops to border Russia hurt by Continental System; country needed imports Napoleon did not like Russia troops movements wanted to teach Czar a lesson Costly Mistake Napoleon turned east in 1812 for attacks on Russia Was not prepared for attack on Russia Hoped for a quick victory before end of summer. Gets pulled into battles lasting through winter.

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6 1)The Russian Campaign-Beginning of the End The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4 June 1812 Napoleon w/ 600,000 troops Marched across Russian border French Move to Russia Russian troops/citizens pulled east burned towns and fields French victory at Borodino, but Russian army is larger Found Moscow in flames, where they had hoped to stay winter. Problems for French Army New recruits with no loyalty Supplies lost or spoiled Disease, desertion, and hunger. 60,000-70,000 desert. Retreat from Moscow Lacked food/supplies for brutal winter temp. Attacked by citizen on march Only 94,000 men survived

7 The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4 Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Great Britain allied against France. French Army very weak. Napoleon raised another army, but troops inexperienced In March 1814, victorious allies entered Paris. Terms of surrender 2)Defeat and Exile to Elba Napoleon gave up throne Exiled on tiny island of Elba Given a small pension and guards

8 The French Revolution Location and Napoleon of Elba Section 4

9 3)The Last Campaigns The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4 French monarchy restored with King Louis XVIII King was unpopular (brother of Louis XVI):feared return of Old Order

10 The French Revolution 4)The and Hundred Napoleon Days Section 4 Napoleon returns after year in exile: Louis leaves in panic Napoleon declared outlaw by allies French citizens were split on Napoleon s return Hundred Days- Brief period of renewed glory Hundred Days: (1815) period that marks that time between Napoleon s return to Paris from Elba (March 20), his final defeat at Waterloo (June 18) and the restoration of King Louis XVIII (June 28)

11 The Last Campaigns The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4 5)Battle of Waterloo 6)Napoleon s Final Days Duke of Wellington led final confrontation British and Prussian armies defeat weak French troops Crushing defeat for Napoleon End of Napoleons control End of the Napoleonic Wars Tried to escape capture during battle French turn him over to British Exiled to Saint Helena Volcanic island in South Atlantic 1200 miles from land Remained imprisoned for six years Died at 51; cause of death never determined

12 The French Revolution Location and of Napoleon St. Helena Section 4

13 7) The Congress of Vienna/The Negotiators The French Revolution and Napoleon Section delegates attend the negotiators Lord Castlereagh of Great Britain Czar Alexander I of Russia Prince Klemens von Metternich of Austria Leader Reactionary Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand of France in place of King Louis VXIII who has retaken the throne of France. Goals for Other Decision Makers Make sure France could not rise again to power Remove traces of Napoleon and revolution; Restore Order to Europe Put down revolution wherever it might appear Gave $$ to allies for war Redraw map of Europe

14 The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4 National borders Congress changed many borders Wanted to strengthen nations surrounding France Reduce chances of French attacks 8)Redrawing the Map New Countries Netherlands created Sweden and Norway combine Austria and 38 German states in German Confederation Process Countries that aided France lost territory Countries that fought France gained territory France s loss All conquered territory Boundaries back to 1792 Forced to pay indemnity, or compensation for damages

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16 9)Metternich s The French Revolution Influence and Napoleon Section 4 His reactionary attitudes influenced politics and society. Wanted conditions to return to an earlier time He hated constitutions, voting rights, freedom of religion and press. ENLIGHTENMENT IDEAS!! Liberal ideas were suppressed in Austria, the German states, and northern Italy. Secret police spied on violators Opponents were jailed or fined

17 The French Revolution 10)The Revolution s and NapoleonLegacy Section 4 Was the French Revolution a failure? Short Term: After Congress of Vienna, monarchs ruled again even in France Citizens rights restricted Nobles returned to their previous lifestyles Long Term: French Revolution changed Europe Monarchies no longer secure Common people learned they could change the world Ideals of human dignity, personal liberty, and equality Enlightenment crossed the Atlantic to Latin America, eventually inspired political movements in Asia and Africa