Directions: In Class: Discuss questions on the next 10 slide in small groups and be ready to share your answers with whole class.

Transcription

1 Big Picture Question About the US & End of WWI Why did the US fail to ratify the Versailles Treaty and how did this impact US foreign policy? The Big Four meeting in Versailles from left to right: David Lloyd George (UK), Vittorio Emanuele Orlando (Italy), Georges Clemenceau (France) and Woodrow Wilson USA) Directions: In Class: Discuss questions on the next 10 slide in small groups and be ready to share your answers with whole class. At home: Read pages in text for more in depth information on Wilson, the Treaty of Versailles and US failure to ratify the treaty.

2 Woodrow Wilson as the US Enters WWI in spring, 1917: I will not cry peace as long as there is wrong in the world America was born to exemplify the devotion to righteousness which is derived from the Holy scriptures Our foreign policy must be concerned with human rights rather than property rights. The force of America is that of moral principle. America s mission has always been to realize an ideal of liberty, provide a model of democracy and moral principle for the world, uphold the rights of all men lead the thinking of the world and promote peace. We must fight a war to end all wars and make the world safe for democracy. #1: What do the quotes illustrate about President Wilson s Point of View on why US entry into WWI in 1917 was needed?

3 Both cartoon are published in US newspapers following the end of World War I during the Treaty of Versailles negotiations in early Wilson #2: Which of the cartoons best demonstrated Wilsons Point of View? Why?

4 This cartoon is published following the 14 Points speech where Wilson proposes ideas he believed would promote world peace after World War I. Wilson #3: Explain why the cartoon would appeal to an isolationist audience.

5 This cartoon was drawn after Wilson returned to the US from the lengthy Versailles Treaty negotiations in the spring of By the time he returned, Republicans (the GOP) had won a majority Congress. #4: Why is this context important in understanding the meaning of the cartoon?

6 Article X of the League of Nations Covenant The Members of the league shall undertake to respect and preserve against external aggression the territorial integrity and political independence of all Members of the League. In case of any such aggression or threat of aggression, the League shall have an obligation to advise how peace shall be maintained Any war or threat of war affecting any member of the League is a concern to the whole League, the League shall take action to safe guard the peace of nations if arbitration by the League in case of aggression is not successful, military intervention may be necessary under the control of the League Council. #5: This controversial section of the Treaty of Versailles illustrates the concept of collective security. Why would Wilson support this concept? Why would many in the US oppose this concept following WWI?

7 #6: Critics of Wilson, Article X, the League of Nations and collective security would agree with the Point of View of this cartoon. Why?

8 Excerpt from speech by Wilson on his national speech tour in Sept : The upcoming election (1920 election) is to be a national referendum The chief question that is put to you, of course, is do you approve of the League of nations as organized and empowered by that covenants of that Treaty? Do you wish to see the United States play its responsible part in the world? Our founding fathers thought America to be the light of the world and a leader in the assertion of the rights of peoples and free nations This light the opponents of the League would squelch. Route of Wilson s 22 day speech tour #7: According to the cartoon, what was the purpose of Wilsons speech tour and why might this approach backfire?

9 #8: What do the cartoon and quote tell you about the why the US Senate failed to ratify the Treaty of Versailles and US participation in the League of Nations? Wilson: I will not play for position (compromise) Let Lodge (leader of Senate Republican opposition) compromise Let Lodge hold out the olive branch I will stand squarely behind the League covenants and I can stand defeat. I cannot stand to retreat from conscientious duty

10 #9: What does the graphic reveal about the effectiveness of the Treaty of Versailles (and League of Nations) in maintaining world peace after World War I?

11 Big Picture Question About the US & End of WWI Why did the US fail to Ratify the Versailles Treaty and how did this impact on US Foreign Policy?