Recent DOE Work Related to the Energy and Water CERC. Diana Bauer DOE Energy Policy and Systems Analysis Office March 15, 2017

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1 Recent DOE Work Related to the Energy and Water CERC Diana Bauer DOE Energy Policy and Systems Analysis Office March 15, 2017

2 Energy-Water Nexus: Why Now? Why DOE? Energy and water are interdependent. Water scarcity, variability, and uncertainty are becoming more prominent. This is leading to vulnerabilities of the U.S. energy system. We cannot assume the future is like the past in terms of climate, technology, and the evolving decision landscape. Replacing aging infrastructure brings an opportunity to make some changes. DOE has strong expertise in technology, modeling, analysis, and data and can contribute to understanding the issues and pursuing solutions across the entire nexus. Download the full report at energy.gov

3 DOE s Strategic Pillars for the Energy-Water Nexus Optimize the freshwater efficiency of energy production, electricity generation, and end use systems Optimize the energy efficiency of water management, treatment, distribution, and end use systems Enhance the reliability and resilience of energy and water systems Increase safe and productive use of nontraditional water sources Promote responsible energy operations with respect to water quality, ecosystem, and seismic impacts Exploit productive synergies among water and energy systems Source: The Energy-Water Nexus: Challenges and Opportunities (DOE, 2014) 3

4 Interconnected Energy and Water Systems Source: The Energy-Water Nexus: Challenges and Opportunities (DOE, 2014) 4

5 Energy Technology Pathways Responding to Challenges in the Energy-Water System Forces on System Technology Solutions Climate Change (Mitigation and Adaptation) Water-Efficient Cooling Energy-Optimized Treatment, Management, and Beneficial Use of Nontraditional Waters Sustainable Low-Energy Water Utilities Policy and Institutional Changes Land Use & Land Cover Change Stakeholder and Consumer Preferences Population/ Migration Urbanization & Infrastructure Dynamics Regional Economic Development 5

6 An Integrated Approach to Energy-Water Systems of the Future Data, Modeling, and Analysis Performance and Cost Specifications Technology Opportunities Technology RDD&D Data Needs Deployment Barriers and Opportunities Analytic Tools, Projections, Data Policy Analysis Performance and Cost Specifications 6

7 DOE Work Connects to CERC Topics Topic Area 1: Water Use Reduction at Thermoelectric plants Topic Area 2: Treatment & Management of Non-Traditional Waters Topic Area 3: Improving Sustainable Hydropower Design & Operation Topic Area 4: Climate Impact Modeling, Methods, & Science for Energy-Water Systems Topic Area 5: Data/Analysis to Inform Planning, Policy, and Other Decisions

8 Dry Cooling for Electricity Generation (ARPA-E) Air-cooling heat exchangers (3 projects) Sorption & other supplemental cooling (4 projects) Radiative cooling and cool storage (3 projects) Flue gas H 2 O recovery & cool storage (2 projects) Combined air-cooled condenser & cool storage (2 projects) Sample Indirect Dry-Cooling System that Satisfies ARID Program Objectives Topic Area 1 DOE s ARPA-E Advanced Research in Dry Cooling (ARID) Research Solicitation is funding 14 projects for a total of $30 million: 8

9 Topic Area 1 & 2 Bench-Scale Water Treatment System Utilizes Low-Grade Heat and Carbon Dioxide from Power Plants (Fossil Energy) Process to treat and recycle power plant wastewater while capturing carbon dioxide from flue gas using low-grade heat. Porifera Inc. s bench-scale water treatment system, COHO, is based on forward osmosis. Prototype system recovered more than 65% of the wastewater, demonstrating its potential to treat challenging wastewater streams.

10 Sacrificial Protective Coating Materials that can be Regenerated In-Situ to Enable High Performance Membranes (EERE) Project Prime: Teledyne Scientific & Imaging Project Partners: Agenda 2020 Technology Alliance, MeadWestvaco Corporation Technology: Develop and validate a novel membrane technology incorporating an easily regenerated, fouling resistant protective coating that provides an energy-efficient method to concentrate weak black liquor (WBL), a by-product of wood pulp production in the pulp and paper industry. The concentrated liquor is burned in a recovery boiler providing some energy recovery for industry processes. Both membrane surface and inner pore walls are coated without affecting WBL flux. Courtesy of Teledyne. Topic Area 2 Technology Update Developed coating process that enables preferential formation of intermediates that are polymerized later to minimize particle formation and pore clogging. Demonstrated coatings survive process temperature (>85 C) and chemistry (ph of 13 14). Demonstrated black liquor treatment process (>85 C) for >3 days with <20% drop in total flux. Demonstrated coating is superior at concentrating WBL under highly fouling conditions compared to uncoated membranes.

11 Topic Area 3 FY17 EWN Hydropower Project Informing Hydropower Investment and Operational Decisions in the Face of a Changing Climate (Lab: PNNL) Project start: FY17 In FY16 the Hydro program held a lab call to initiate research into IAV/IAM models for basin level hydropower and thermoelectric generation. The call was titled "Integrated Climate Risk Modelling to Understand Impacts to Riverine temperature regimes, River Ecology, Hydropower, and Thermoelectric Generation Overview: Project objectives (1) to improve capabilities and modeling tools to assess different long-term climate risks to hydropower systems and integrated water infrastructure. (2) To provide decision makers with the capability to predict the probable location, timing, duration, and severity of water-temperature events that exceed legal standards and explore alternative operations and infrastructure investments to mitigate the frequency and duration of such events. This work is scoped to feed directly into a future 9505 report. Modelling framework will be developed through a set of interrelated components: (1) stakeholder engagement, (2) climate modelling, (3) watershed hydrologic modelling, (4) river and reservoir quality modelling, (5) environmental impact assessments, (6) and future hydropower developments. Next Steps: Forming National and Basin level advisory committees. Submitted request for climate model runs. Starting important stakeholder outreach and engagement planning.

12 9505 Report to Congress: Assessing Long-Term Risks to Hydropower Systems Topic Area 3 The SECURE Water Act Section 9505 of the Omnibus Public Lands Management Act of 2009 directs DOE to evaluate the potential effects of climate change on water availability for federal hydropower generation marketed by power marketing administrations (PMAs). Reports to Congress are required every 5 years, beginning in 2011 and ending in Assessment Report Technical report with details on assessment methods and results Published as an Oak Ridge National Lab report, available at: Report to Congress Short summary of the assessment, including recommendations from Power Marketing Administration administrators Delivered to Congress January 2017 Available at:

13 Data, Modeling, and Analysis (Science) Topic Area 4 D Layered Energy Resilience M A Data-Knowledge System Integrated Multi-System, Multi-Scale Modeling Framework and IAV Modeling National Impact, Adaptation, and Vulnerability Strategic Research and Analysis Electric Power Water Systems Land Use/Cover Climate Regional Population/Migration Regional-Scale Data, Modeling, and Analysis Test Beds 13 Sub-Regional

14 DMA Examples and Funded Institutions (Science) Topic Area 4 Layered Energy Resilience Data-Knowledge System ORNL, ANL, NASA, DAAC (Columbia), others Modeling focused on energy-water-land interactions PNNL-JGCRI Scientific Focus Area (SFA) MIT Cooperative Agreement Regional Scale Energy-Water Nexus and Impact, Adaptation, and Vulnerability (IAV) Modeling and related economic methodologies Stanford led-multi-institutional Cooperative Agreement New multi-model framework SFA established under PNNL with LANL, NREL, UCAR, and other universities. Strong interagency/intra-agency collaboration through interagency working group and several key workshops Strategic Research and Analysis: Fine-scale climate analysis and human feedbacks for the energy-water nexus Two new Cooperative Agreements competed and awarded for university led multi-institutional teams 14

15 Topic Area 5 Energy and Water Systems Integration Analysis (EPSA) Capturing the Benefits of Integrated Resource Management for Water & Electricity Utilities and their Partners (Workshop with University of California-2015) Convened utilities and policymakers in water and electricity Identified opportunities in developing shared systems understanding; data and analytics; and logistics and implementation to make progress in GHG emissions reduction, resilience, and resource efficiency Integrated Desalination and Energy Design Competition with Israel (2016) Competition for designs for novel integrated energy and desalinization systems that can: Flexibly interface with the modern electric grid. Vary their operations depending on current conditions. Economically and flexibly balance input and output flows of water, electricity, and wastes. US-EU Collaboration on Power-Water Systems Modeling (2016 workshop) Focused on innovative power-water linkages in models to inform policy and other decision-making Identified next steps, including exploring modeling coupling between water and electricity sectors that increases flexibility to increase resilience 15

16 Draft Database of State-Level Water Policies that Affect Energy (EPSA) Topic Area 5 Public database of state-level water policies that affect energy systems Types of policies include: Water rights Water discharge regulations Underground Injection Control (UIC) State water plans Regional watershed commissions Reservoir and river operations Integrated energy-water policies Potential uses: Policy analysis Modeling inputs Visualizations (e.g., interactive maps, influence diagrams, interstate policy comparisons) The database is currently in a beta version. We plan to circulate for stakeholder review.

17 Topic Area 5 Data and Cooling System Operations (EPSA) Harmonization of the Energy Information Administration s datasets helped to reveal how cooling systems tend to operate even when associated generators are not producing electricity Source: DOE Quadrennial Energy Review 1.2 (DOE 2017)

18 Contact Information/Questions Diana Bauer, Director Energy Systems Integration Analysis (EPSA-41) Energy Systems and Policy Analysis (EPSA) U.S. Department of Energy H-085 Websites: DOE energy-water nexus crosscut: EPSA energy-water nexus initiative: