UNCD ELECTRODES. Technical Performance Data. Advanced Diamond Technologies, Inc.

Transcription

1 UNCD ELECTRODES Technical Performance Data Advanced Diamond Technologies, Inc wwwthindiamondcom

2 Primary Applications of UNCD Electrodes On-Site Generation of oxidants (OSG) Hypochlorite Mixed oxidants Persulfate (peroxodisulfate) Hypobromite Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Process Hydroxyl radicals enable high efficiency destruction of organic wastes (AOP)

3 UNCD Electrodes for Advanced Electrochemical Applications Patented technology Boron-doped UNCD thin films on niobium and tantalum substrates Form factors designed to customer specifications Electrode size range 1 mm X 1 mm up to 15 cm X 18 cm Any number of holes 1 mm or larger Substrate thickness 2 mm

4 Diamond s Unique Attributes Enable Superior Electrode Performance Chemical and electrochemical inertness Dimensional stability Widest working potential (operating voltage) window of any material -1V to 27V Highly resistant to fouling and scaling Capable of reverse polarity over a wide current density range: 1 ma/cm2 up to 1000 ma/cm2 On-site Generation (OSG) of oxidants with UNCD Electrodes does not require: 1) Active heating or cooling 2) Water softeners 3) Startup conditioning

5 UNCD Electrodes Are Better Than Traditional Technologies at Destroying Refractory Organic Waste Low electrode costs on a per pound of oxidant and per watt of power required Extremely long electrode lifetimes OVER 20 TIMES longer than other diamond electrodes High durability in typical and extreme conditions Enable operation at much higher current densities traditionally considered for: Typical CAD file layout of a On-site generation of oxidants group of electrodes before cutting Ozone generation Other electro-synthesis and other advanced electrochemical applications

6 UNCD Electrodes Are Superior for Electrochemical Water Treatment Technologies Diamond generates hydroxyl radicals on electrode surfaces Hydroxyls have highest oxidation potential of any other oxidant for water treatment, higher than: Hypochlorite Ozone Peroxodisulfate Peroxycarbonate Chlorine dioxide Mixed oxidants

7 UNCD Electrodes May Be Used for a Variety of Advanced Electrochemical Applications Clean-in-place Cooling towers Drinking water purification Electrochemical synthesis Groundwater remediation Industrial wastewater On-site Generation (OSG) of oxidants Producer water Sludge reduction Swimming pool & hot tub chlorination/disinfection

8 Lifetime Testing No Significant Diamond Loss under Extreme Current Stress for UNCD Electrodes UNCD Electrode Stress Time = 63 hours at 2000 ma/cm2 <10% delamination fully functional Competing Diamond Electrode Stress Time = 16 hours at 2000 ma/cm2 >75% delamination and exposed metal electrode failure

9 Polarity Reversal on UNCD Electrodes Easily Remove Scale without Reducing Electrode Life Lime build-up (white scale) on UNCD cathode after 1 week of operation using inexpensive solar salt electrolyte Lime scale removed after very short reverse-polarization at 300 ma/cm2 After Stress

10 UNCD Electrodes Are >20X More Durable at EXTREME Currents 30 Actual Lifetime at EXTREME Current Density 30 (2000 ma/cm2) DAYS In head-to-head life testing, UNCD Electrodes out-perform competing diamond electrodes by >20 TIMES Compe<ng DSA* UNCD Electrode UNCD Electrode Diamond Electrode Electrode (Nb) (Ta) (Nb) * Industry average

11 UNCD Electrodes Are Very Long-lived at Typical Currents: Lifetime > ma/cm2 75 EXTRAPOLATED* Lifetime at TYPICAL OPERATING current (150 ma/cm2) 75* YEARS 40 UNCD Electrodes at typical operating currents enable smaller, less expensive electrode formats, and are extremely durable 30 32* * 5* 0 Compe<ng Diamond Electrode (Nb) DSA* Electrode UNCD Electrode UNCD Electrode (Nb) (Ta) *extrapolated lifetime uncertainty +/- 30%

12 UNCD Electrodes Have the Widest Working Potential Window of Any Material Cyclic Voltammogram of UNCD Electrode in 1M NaClO4 30 Current (ma/cm2) 20 Metal Electrodes (Pt) 10 DSA Voltage (V) UNCD Electrodes working potential window range is -1V to 27V - 30

13 UNCD Electrodes Efficiently Destroy Trichloroethylene After 100 Hours of Stress at Extreme Current Rate (mmoles/hr cm2) UNCD Electrodes (Ta*) stressed at 1000 ma/cm2 current density for hours and the rate of TCE oxidation was measured as a function of current density in a rotating disk reactor 8993R-Ta 1 y = 03315x R! = A-hr 50 A-hr 100 A-hr Potential (V/SHE) *Essentially identical results were observed for Nb and Si substrates

14 Higher Current Densities Produce Chlorine by On-Site Generation (OSG) More Rapidly and More Efficiently 600 ma/cm2, 100 cm2 electrode 44 pounds Cl/day 95% current efficiency 150 ma/cm2, 100 cm2 electrode 088 pounds Cl/day 75% current efficiency UNCD Electrodes are ideal for direct oxidation of organic & inorganic wastes and for on-site generation of advanced oxidants, including hypochlorite, ozone, peroxodisulfate, peroxycarbonate, and Mixed Oxidants

15 On-site Chlorine Generation MUCH Lower Operating and Capital Costs with Smaller Footprint Than DSA Electrodes Electrochemical cell size in cm2 to generate 5 pounds of chlorine per day Cell Size (cm2) DSA Electrode 150 ma/cm2 UNCD Electrode 450 ma/cm2 (Nb) UNCD Electrode 600 ma/cm2 (Nb)

16 UNCD Electrodes Produce Mixed Oxidants to Kill Bacterial Spores >35% Faster Than Other Electrodes Time to kill 50% of colony forming unit (CFU) bacterial spores (B globigii) Time- to- 10 Kill 50% 8 (minutes) Chlorine Bleach No MOX DSA MOX 150 ma/cm2 UNCD MOX 600 ma/cm2 All samples standardized to 5 ppm chlorine

17 UNCD ELECTRODES UNCD Electrodes bring all the superior properties of diamond to water-treatment companies that are developing and supplying electrochemical water treatment technologies for industrial and municipal applications

18 UNCD ELECTRODES For more information or to inquire about purchasing UNCD Electrodes, please contact Diane P Hickey-Davis, PhD Director of Sales sales@thindiamondcom Advanced Diamond Technologies, Inc wwwthindiamondcom