Report from the Reactive Gases SAG

Transcription

1 Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Report from the Reactive Gases SAG Stuart Penkett University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK Martin Schultz Institute for Energy and Climate Troposphere (IEK-8), Jülich, Germany & Reactive Gases SAG

2 Reactive Gases SAG 2011: Meeting in Gozo, Malta 2012: Telephone conference(s) [Rolling Requirements] exchange [NOx workshop, Ozone guidelines, VOC chapter, ] Next meeting scheduled for November 2013, Garmisch-Patenkirchen, Germany

3 Reactive gases summary Compound Relevant GAW reports Status CO #192 (2010) new work on calibration scales need standardization of data processing O 3 #209 (2013*) #199 (2011) new report on measurement guidelines report on second workshop on tropospheric ozone variability (2011) VOCs #204 (2012) lot of progress (see below) NOx #195 (2011) WCC in Jülich still unresolved Opportunities via ACTRIS SO 2 -- no activities H 2 -- Greenhouse gases

4 GAWSIS status of reactive gases CO NOx O 3 VOC

5 FP7 EU project : April 2011 April 2015 WP4: Trace gases networking: VOC and NOx/NOy (lead: Stefan Reimann, EMPA, for VOC; Christian Plass-Dülmer, DWD, for NO x ) in networks across Europe Opportunity to expand the GAW network

6 CO Publication on new measurement techniques: Zellweger et al. (ACP, 2009) complements and updates GAW Report No. 192 and earlier CO comparison study carried out at Jungfraujoch From Zellweger et al. (2012), Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5(10), Currently, the new techniques (CRDS, ICOS-QCL) are evaluated in the field (Jungfraujoch). First results are expected to be available at the next SAG RG meeting in November 2013.

7 Surface ozone A major report on surface ozone techniques has been written outlining every aspect of its measurement within GAW to produce reliable data for inclusion in the GAW Database (currently in review)

8 Surface ozone comparison WMO/GAW Region III WCC-Empa and RCC Buenos Aires (September 2010) 18 Participants from 5 South American countries (8 GAW stations). Total 10 ozone instruments. 3 instruments in good condition. 4 instruments in good condition after repair / maintenance. 2 instruments in critical condition after repair / maintenance. One instrument was not working and could not be repaired. Results Ozone measurements will re-start at six regional GAW stations where measurements were interrupted due to analyzer failures. Data of these stations need now be reviewed and submitted to WDCGG. Three O 3 analyzers could be donated to stations with support by Swiss Federal Environmental Agency (FOEN) and WMO.

9 Surface ozone Use of GAW surface ozone data for model evaluation in MACC July average

10 VOCs The 4 th GAW-VOC Expert workshop was held at the University of York (11-12 Sep 2012) reporting recent activities within the GAW VOC community. Much progress has been made towards the production of measurements and their calibration. In 2010 the CLL for Non-Methane-Hydrocarbons (NMHCs) was nominated. NIST has proposed to serve as CLL for GAW monoterpene target compounds and has been accepted by OPAG-EPAC in March 2013 During 10 years of ongoing QA/QC measures the reported GAW target NMHCs data quality has been continuously improved. Now most stations achieve the DQOs of the GAW-VOC programme. A major intercomparison exercise has been held in the ACTRIS project in support of GAW, involving many of the target molecules listed in the original report defining a VOC measurement programme within GAW.

11 VOCs The WDCGG Database now contains measurements of a limited number of VOCs in a global network in addition to a more extensive set of VOC measurements at a few sites. European measurements within ACTRIS are submitted to the EBAS database from which they will be transferred to the WMO database (WDCGG). A new chapter on VOCs has been prepared for the next edition of the GAW Green Data Book A SOP has been published to provide guidance for flask sampling of VOCs within GAW (WMO-GAW Report 204). ACTRIS is preparing a Draft Measurement Guideline specifying optimum procedures for the measurement of VOCs in a network which shall be the basis for GAW Measurement Guidelines (GAW Report).

12 VOCs Summary of recommendations from York meeting and requests for actions to the SAG Reactive gases: Develop the strategy for the further GAW network extension (partners, organizations etc.) Consider the inclusion of acetaldehyde in the GAW VOCs priority list Consider tightening of the GAW Data Quality Objectives to correspond those in the ACTRIS project. Prepare the draft chapter on VOCs for inclusion in the annual Data Summary prepared by the World Data Center for Greenhouse Gases (4 pages) Consider the proposals from NMIs to recognize them as GAW Central Calibration Laboratories (proposal from NIST and KRISS are expected) Develop the strategy on the involvement of global VOC community in the round robin experiments currently run in Europe (by ACTRIS) and instruments intercomparison (including PTRMS) Keep involved in the VOC Measurement Guidelines development

13 NOx Major improvements have been made within ACTRIS in support of GAW involving mainly the European infrstructure: A round robin intercomparison excercise has been held with NO in N 2 mixtures sent to more than 20 labs doing long-term monitoring of NO x. European NO x monitoring sites have been assembled to a round-robin results and ambient data evaluation workshop in June 2012 at Hohenpeissenberg. A major side-by-side intercomparison has been performed at Hohenpeissenberg involving some 15 groups and including the designated WCC for NO x. This is the first intercomparison comprising both synthetic mixtures and ambient air test gases as well as spiked ambient air in order to really proof the ability of different instruments and groups to perform NO x measurements in clean rural environments. (report on ACTRIS web by April 2013, posters at EGU-2013)

14 NOx A survey of European measurement techniques used in longterm-monitoring has been compiled (see ACTRIS web) Data and metadata requirements and data formats have been prepared and data delivery has been tested for the 2011 NO x data to EBAS as a test field for GAW data submission to the WDC ACTRIS is preparing a draft for Measurement Guidelines specifying optimum measurement of NOx which will be the basis for GAW Measurement Guidelines (GAW Report)

15 SO 2 So far there has been only limited discussion of measurements of SO 2 by SAG Reactive Gases. Stefan Gilge, DWD, is seeking international SO 2 experts and has started to review available instrumentation for measuring SO 2 according to GAW standards. It is planned to establish a GAW SO2 network in a similar way as the NO x network.

16 Other activities New approach for System and performance audits by WCC-Empa (see Poster by WCC-Empa): NEW NEW Performance audits will in the future include side-by-side comparisons with a travelling instrument (CO, CH 4, CO 2 ). NEW In addition, a completely independent inlet system will be used to assess sampling loss and other effects.

17 Other activities System and performance audits by WCC-Empa (sfc. ozone and CO): Mt. Waliguan (China), O 3, CO, CH 4, Sept 2009 Lauder (New Zealand), O 3, CO, CH 4, CO 2, N 2 O, March 2010 Cape Grim (Australia), O 3, CO, CH 4, CO 2, N 2 O, March 2010 Mt. Kenya (Kenya), O 3, CO, June 2010 Cape Point (South Africa), O 3, CO, CH 4, CO 2, March 2011 Zugspitze (Germany), O 3, CO, CH 4, CO 2, N 2 O, June 2011 Hohenpeissenberg (Germany), O 3, CO, CH 4, CO 2, July 2011 Bukit Kototabang (Indonesia), O 3, CO, CH 4, CO 2, November 2011 Pallas (Finland), O 3, CO, CH 4, CO 2, April 2012 Zeppelin Mountain (Norway), O 3, CO, CH 4, CO 2, August 2012 Mt. Cimone (Italy), O 3, CO, CH 4, CO 2, N 2 O, September 2012 Cape Verde (Cape Verde), O 3, CO, CH 4, CO 2, N 2 O, December 2012

18 Other activities NRT data transmission (to MACC-II): 13 stations with more or less regular data transmission to MACC-II Hohenpeissenberg Cape Verde

19 Other activities IGAS = IAGOS for GMES Atmospheric Service Better integration of aircraft data in global observing network Link calibration and QA/QC to GAW standards Develop metadata and interoperable data exchange

20 In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System European Research Infrastructure 20 equipped long-haul a/c + 1 flying laboratory IAGOS Global Network Scientific publications 230 ISI papers H 2 O, O 3 H 2 O, O 3 CO, NO y H 2 O, O 3 CO CO 2 CH 4 NO y, NO x aerosols clouds Five contributing airlines by end of 2013 LH, China Airlines, Air France, Iberia, Cath. Pacific 16 partners from science, industry and meteorological services Long-term deployment (20 years) Global coverage Near real time data provision Open data policy (GMES/GEO/GEOSS)

21 IGAS-WP4:Objectives To establish procedures for regular evaluation and documentation of the quality of the IAGOS measurements and their harmonisation. For each compound measured by a IAGOS instrument QA/QCprotocols will be prepared that are obtained from: Regular Calibration: e.g. stability incl. traceability to primary standard Internal consistency checks: Comparison between different IAGOS-A/C External consistency checks: Comparison IAGOS-A/C with other airborne platforms Regular documentation of QA/QC-protocols evaluated by external experts together with instrument operators at workshops. Regular assessment reports prepared by IAGOS-instrument PI s, reviewed by external experts and approved by SAG s (Sci. Advis.Groups of WMO/GAW) Updating QA/QC-meta data and assignment of uncertainties in IAGOS data base & NRT-data provision IGAS-WP4: Kick Off Jena January 2013

22 IGAS-WP4: Adapting QA-Concept of GAW (IGACO) IAGOS- Calibration Laboratory IAGOS- QA/SAC IGAS-WP4 IAGOS- Data Base IAGOS-ERI Annual Meeting 2012 IAGOS- Instrument/Observation IGAS-WP4: Kick Off Jena January 2013

23 Other activities Harmonized databases to access aircraft data for model evaluation (CCMI and TFHTAP) NASA: URL pending

24 Jülich interoperable web services association with: Jülich server hosts TFHTAP model data, MACC forecasts and reanalysis, MACC fire emissions and UBA surface measurements Jülich web interface allows for flexible data download and visualisation Planned extensions: Add global surface data (Airbase, AirNow, WDCGG) Link to IAGOS and GEIA emissions data (Toulouse) Add EURAD regional forecasts Extend analysis and visualisation options

25 Interoperable Data Exchange MACC User User Data Plots Information HTAP WCS Server Web Interface User UBA-D AirBase User Workspace WDCGG Under Development Local Databases WCS Server WCS Server WCS Server WCS Server WCS Server Near Realtime (24h) ECCAD DataFed NILU Metno (htap2) 27 IAGOS Under Development

26 General GAW points: Clarify the definition of DQOs Up to now reactive gases DQOs have largely been oriented at the achievable on the one hand, and with the goal of long-term trend analysis on the other hand. New use cases for GAW data, such as evaluation of atmospheric forecast models, data assimilation, or satellite validation, will often call for different criteria for the definition of DQOs. An effort should be made to achieve consensus about the meaning of the term DQO and how these shall be derived (this needs consultation with the data users!) Improve visibility of GAW reports On the web page: Organize reports in series (TechReports, MeetingReports, ScienceReports, ) Harmonize report contents structure for guidelines, SOPs, QA/QC, etc.

27 Summary There has been considerable progress in many aspects of the Reactive Gases Programme within GAW Causes for concern remain (for example): absence of a World Calibration Centre for reactive nitrogen compounds tendency in some countries to loosen efforts to maintain observations in the GAW context. This has led to discontinuation of some measurements or closure of some stations and is likely to affect more (e.g. Egbert, Canada). New GAW strategy will need to seek stronger use cases and achieve better integration with regional measurement networks!

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29 Ushuaia NRT ozone data vs. MACC models interesting fluctuations