ashrae) VENTILATING PRINCIPLES AIR CONDITIONING OF HEATING AND 7th Edition A Textbook with Design Data Based on the 2013 ASHRAE Handbook Fundamentals

Transcription

1 PRINCIPLES OF HEATING VENTILATING AND AIR CONDITIONING 7th Edition A Textbook with Design Data Based on the 2013 ASHRAE Handbook Fundamentals William J. Coad Harry J. Sauer, Jr. ashrae)

2 Contents Part I General Concepts Chapter 1 Background Introduction 1 Historical Notes 2 Building Energy Use 5 Conceptualizing an HVAC System 7 Sustainability and Green Buildings 7 Problems 8 Bibliography 9 Chapter 2 Thermodynamics and Psychrometrics Fundamental Concepts and Principles 11 Properties of a Substance 13 Forms of Energy 36 First Law ofthermodynamics 40 Second Law of Thermodynamics 42 Third Law of Thermodynamics 44 Basic Equations of Thermodynamics 44 Thermodynamics Applied to Refrigeration 44 Applying Thermodynamics to Heat Pumps 49 Absorption Refrigeration Cycle 49 Problems 50 Bibliography 55 SI Tables and Figures 55 Chapter 3 Basic HVAC System Calculations Applying Thermodynamics to HVAC Processes 67 Single-Path Systems 72 Air-Volume Equations for Single-Path Systems 72 Psychrometric Representation of Single-Path Systems 74 Sensible Heat Factor (Sensible Heat Ratio) 74 Problems 76 Bibliography 80 Chapter 4 Design Conditions Indoor Design Conditions 81 Outdoor Design Conditions: Weather Data 89 Other Factors Affecting Design 136 Temperatures in Adjacent Unconditioned Spaces 140 Problems 141 Bibliography 142 SI Tables and Figures 143 Chapter 5 Load Estimating Fundamentals General Considerations 145 Outdoor Air Load Components 146 Heat-Transfer Coefficients 158 Calculating Surface Temperatures 169 Problems 173

3 Bibliography 176 SI Figures and Tables 177 Chapter 6 Residential Cooling and Heating Load Calculations Background 189 General Guidelines 190 Cooling Load Methodology 195 Heating Load Methodology 198 Nomenclature 204 Load Calculation Example 205 Problems 207 Bibliography 210 SI Figures and Tables 211 Chapter 7 Nonresidential Cooling and Heating Load Calculations Principles 217 Initial Design Considerations 221 Heat Gain Calculation Concepts 221 Description of Radiant Time Series (RTS) 247 Cooling Load Calculation Using RTS 249 Heating Load Calculations 250 Design Loads Calculation Example 252 Problems 266 Bibliography 269 SI Figures and Tables 274 Chapter 8 Energy Estimating Methods General Considerations 289 Component Modeling and Loads 290 Overall Modeling Strategies 291 Integration of System Models 292 Degree-Day Methods 293 Bin Method (Heating and Cooling) 302 Problems 304 Bibliography 308 Chapter 9 Duct and Pipe Sizing Duct Systems 309 Fans 346 Air-Diffusing Equipment 354 Pipe, Tube, and Fittings 356 Pumps 361 Problems 363 References 367 SI Figures and Tables 369 Chapter 10 Economic Analyses and Life-Cycle Costs Introduction 377 Owning Costs 377 Service Life 377 Depreciation 380 Interest or Discount Rate 380 Periodic Costs 380 Operating Costs 381

4 Economic Analysis Techniques 385 Reference Equations 388 Problems 388 Symbols 389 References 390 Bibliography 390 Part II HVAC Systems Chapter 11 Air-Conditioning System Concepts System Objectives and Categories 391 System Selection and Design 392 Design Parameters 392 Performance Requirements 393 Focusing on System Options 393 Narrowing the Choice 394 Energy Considerations of Air Systems 395 Basic Central Air-Conditioning and Distribution System 396 Smoke Management 398 Components 398 Air Distribution 401 Space Heating 403 Primary Systems 403 Space Requirements 405 Problems 408 Bibliography 410 Chapter 12 System Configurations Introduction 411 Selecting the System 412 Multiple-Zone Control Systems 412 Ventilation and Dedicated Outdoor Air Systems (DOAS) 415 All-Air System with DOAS Unit 416 Air-and-Water Systems with DOAS Unit 416 In-Space Temperature Control Systems 416 Problems 422 Bibliography 425 Chapter 13 Hydronic Heating and Cooling System Design Introduction 427 Closed Water Systems 428 Design Considerations 436 Design Procedures 444 Problems 447 Bibliography 448 Chapter 14 Unitary and Room Air Conditioners Unitary Air Conditioners 449 Combined Unitary and Dedicated Outdoor Air Systems 451 Window Air Conditioners 451 Through-the-Wall Conditioner System 452 Typical Performance 453 Minisplits, Multisplits, and Variable-Refrigerant-Flow (VRF) Systems 453

5 Water-Source Heat Pumps 454 Problems 455 Bibliography 455 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Part III Panel Heating and Cooling Systems General 457 Types 458 Design Steps 460 Problems 461 Bibliography 461 Heat Pump, Cogeneration, and Heat Recovery Systems General 463 Types of Heat Pumps 463 Heat Sources and Sinks 465 Cogeneration 468 Heat Recovery Terminology and Concepts 469 Heat Recovery Systems 471 Problems 474 Bibliography 474 SI Figures 474 HVAC Equipment Chapter 17 Air-Processing Equipment Air-Handling Equipment 477 Cooling Coils 477 Heating Coils 482 Evaporative Air-Cooling Equipment 483 Air Washers 484 Dehumidification 484 Humidification 486 Sprayed Coil Humidifiers/Dehumidifiers 488 Air Cleaners 488 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery Equipment 493 Economizers 500 Problems 500 Bibliography 502 SI Table 503 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Refrigeration Equipment Mechanical Vapor Compression 505 Absorption Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Equipment 523 Cooling Towers 529 Problems 532 Bibliography 533 SI Tables 534 Heating Equipment Fuels and Combustion 537 Burners 540 Residential Furnaces 541 Commercial Furnaces 543 Boilers 546

6 Terminal Units 548 Electric Heating 549 Problems 551 Bibliography 552 Chapter 20 Heat Exchange Equipment Modes of Heat Transfer 555 Heat Exchangers 561 Basic Heat Exchanger Design Equation 563 Estimation of Heat Load 563 Mean Temperature Difference 563 Estimation of the Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient U 564 Extended Surfaces, Fin Efficiency, and Fin-Tube Contact Resistance 565 Fouling Factors 566 Convective Heat Transfer Coefficients hj and h0 567 Calculation of Heat Exchanger Surface Area and Overall Size 570 Fluids and Their Thermophysical Properties 570 Example Finned-Tube Heat Exchanger Design 570 Problems 570 Bibliography 572 Appendices Appendix A SI for HVAC&R General 573 Units 573 Symbols 574 Prefixes 575 Numbers 575 Words 576 Appendix B Systems Design Problems Combination Water Chillers 579 Absorption Chiller Selection 579 Owning and Operating Costs 580 Animal Rooms 580 Greenhouse 582 Drying Room 583 Air Washer 583 Two-Story Building 583 Motel 584 Building Renovation 584 Building with Neutral Deck Multizone 585 This book includes access to a web site containing the Radiant Time Series (RTS) Method Load Calculation Spreadsheets. See