Start with Healthy Soil

Transcription

1 tart with Healthy oil Don t Treat Your oil Like Dirt! resented by, Eileen Miller, oil Health pecialist Healthy Landscapes Consulting October 20, 2018 Ocean County College

2 oil is the Basis of the Ecosystem precipitation The oil Water Cycle infiltration evapotransporation soil water storage in soil percolation to deep groundwater to stream

3 What is soil? oil is a living, dynamic resource that supports plant life. It s made up of different size mineral particles (sand, silt, clay), organic matter, and numerous species of living organisms. oil has biological, chemical, and physical properties that are always changing.

4 What is oil Health? oil health is defined as the capacity of a soil to function within ecosystem boundaries to sustain biological productivity, maintain environmental health, and promote plant and animal health.

5 Get to know your soil

6 oil roperties Inherent- what the soil is born with through soil formation. (texture, depth to bedrock) Dynamic- human induced changes- Use and Management

7 oil Health Assessment- Visual observations oil Quality/Health Cards Infield-Assessments (QT) Laboratory Assessments

8 What makes a oil Healthy? hysical Biological Chemical It is the integration of the physical, chemical and biological worlds that produces a healthy soil ecosystem. oil has biological, chemical, and physical properties that are always changing.

9 oil Organic Matter Is necessary for all soil functions, and it is the most important indicator of soil health.

10 Organic Matter Benefits Biological-food and shelter for soil microbes. hysical-pore space, aggregation Chemical-nutrient exchanges Improved soil structure Increased infiltration & water holding capacity Increased CEC-soil acts as bank for + charged plant nutrients

11 oil Health Benefits of oil Carbon oil Carbon Aggregation & Infiltration roductivity Water & utrient Holding Air & Water Quality; Wildlife Habitat Time

12 Organic Matter & Water Holding Capacity Organic matter holds times its weight in water Every 1% of organic matter can hold 27,000 gallons of water per acre

13 oil Health and HYICAL rocesses hysical support for plants Aeration oil water storage and movement Resistance to soil erosion hysical root proliferation and organism movement oil Texture oil tructure oil Color Bulk Density

14 What is oil tructure? and, silt and clay particles combine with one anther to form cluster called aggregates. The way in which aggregates or clusters are arranged is referred to as soil structure.

15 Aggregate tability small pore important for long term moisture retention Intermediate pore- Important for water retention and biological functions large pore Important for drainage, aeration and rooting Aggregate (crumb) The way in which aggregates or clusters are arranged is referred to as soil structure. A well aggregated soil has a range of pore sizes.

16 Factors Influencing Aggregate tability Organic Matter content Clay Content Tillage Texture Microbial opulations lant Diversity

17 lake Test Demo

18 oil Color Indicator of different soil types Indicator of certain physical and chemical characteristics Due to humus content and chemical nature of the iron compounds present in the soil

19 Is Rainwater Infiltrating into the soil or ponding?

20 eep it Loose Avoid Compaction.

21 Visual Observation Color tructure orosity Root density

22 Factors Affecting Infiltration oil Type Aggregation/Crusting/ ealing urface torage Capacity lant Canopies urface Cover and Mulch oil Freezing Hydrophobicity

23 urface ealing and Crusting Crusting is a symptom of the breakdown of soil structure that develops especially with intensively and clean-tilled soils

24 oil Health and CHEMICAL rocesses hysical Chemical Biological utrient storage and release oil reactions Energy (C) storage

25 Organic V ynthetic Fertilizers

26 Exudates Rhizosphere oil Root

27 M M M M What can the plant access alone?

28 M M M M M M M M M M M M M M Collaboration between root fungus and roots

29 Lab Assessments- Don t Guess, oil Test! Maintaining healthy soil is an important step to having an attractive and productive yard and garden and a healthy environment.

30 oil Health and Biological rocesses est suppression mineralization OM decomposition upport of microbial community

31 Diversity is the ey!

32 Crop Land rairie Forest Organisms per gram (teaspoon) of soil Bacteria 100 mil. -1 bil. 100 mil. -1 bil. 100 mil. -1 bil. Fungi everal yards 10s 100 s of yds 1-40 miles (in conifers) rotozoa 1000 s 1000 s 100,000 s ematodes s 100 s 100 s Organisms per square foot Arthropods < ,000-25,000 Earthworms (few in conifers)

33 Root and Mycorrhizal Fungi Association: Enlarged oil Aggregates Glomalin and hyphae Dr. ris ichols, Microbiologist, AR, Mandan, D

34 oil Management Affects oil Health

35 oil Health Affects Water Quality

36 oil Health Affects Air Quality

37 Is Your oil Functioning? Try this easy to use oil Health Assessment Guide to better understand YOUR soil. tep by step evaluation tool that offers improvement strategies.

38 How to Improve oil Health Till the soil as little as possible, preserve the pore space! Grow as many different species of plants as possible. eep living plants in the soil as long as possible with a diversity of plants. eep the soil surface covered with residue year round.

39 Resources: oildistrict.org

40 Thank You! Eileen Miller