Environmental assessment of synthetic turf in Laboratory

Transcription

1 Environmental assessment of synthetic turf in Laboratory Presentation of a pilot scenario for a complete reduced scale system for measuring leaching R&D department 2011

2 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (LEACHING) OF SYNTHETIC TURF Context From 2005, start of an experimentation programme initiated by Aliapur supported by ADEME and FieldTurf Tarket implemented by the Scientific Interest Group, EEDEMS.

3 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (LEACHING) OF SYNTHETIC TURF Context : Chronology : Environmental assessment (leaching and gas emissions) of infilled synthetic turf 2007 : Leaching tests (EN and DIN V ) : Complementary in situ experiment present: Member of the health & safety work group then CEN TC 217/WG10, development of a European standard 2010 : Laboratory prototype produced ( EEDEMS ) Presentation of a pilot scenario for a complete reduced scale system for measuring leaching.

4 Context : Different approaches In situ in situ assesment On-going assesment (since October 2005 (1) ) Roll of artificial turf Connection system for percolate pump Lysimeter Base Mini stadium Reduced-scale turff Laboratory test Experimentation in pilot scenarios (1) Study published Developpement of an analytical protocol The results were offered to European experts in WG10 as the starting point for the develoment of a European standard CEN TC217/WG10 Synthetic turf system + TPE granulates Synthetic turf system+ EPDM granulates Watering systems, reproducing one year of rain (800 mm) Synthetic turf system + recycled rubber granulates (tires) Synthetic turf system without infill material (1) Environmental and health evaluation of the use of elastomer granulates (virgin and from used tyres) as filling in thirdgeneration artificial turf Aliapur/Tarkett /EEDEMS

5 Objectives : the reason behind this additional study This study proposes methods for testing the release of substances from synthetic turf systems into ground water, surface water and drainage water using a dedicated leaching test on a sample of a complete "synthetic turf" system. The test method is based on the principle of large-scale in-situ tests (lysimeters). This test uses a sample of a sport centre floor similar to the sample used to determine certain mechanical properties. It is necessary to use a pilot scenario : Because the DIN tests currently used are not representative of actual usage To measure the impact on the complete système ( fibre, sand, all type of filling materials) To simulate water/system contact time that is comparable to reality (alternating dry and wet periods)

6 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROTOTYPE USED Initiated by Aliapur, Implemented by the Scientific Interest Group, EEDEMS.

7 Apparatus and its constituents Tank The tank (see figure 1) is made of stainless steel, as well as the vertical supports that allow the adjustment of rods and guide rods of the watering ramp. The tank dimensions are as follows: L = 800 mm, W = 400 mm, H =200 and 210 mm (to slope the bottom a little) similar to the dimensions in EN A hole is drilled at the bottom point for the passage of the percolate drain pipe. 170 Figure 1 Developed plan of the apparatus

8 Apparatus and its constituents Functional diagram The spraying system of watering (see figure 2) is connected to a storage tank of water which is put under pressure with some compressed air. A regulation of pressure of 2 bars is provided by a manometer regulator. The hour and the duration of watering are adjusted by means of 2 timers (of which one with a precision of 0,1 seconds) connected to a solenoid valve. The "synthetic turf" system is laid on top of the stainless steel grid. This grid is designed in order to avoid immersion of the synthetic turf sample and to facilitate drainage. 80 cm Solenoid valve Watering ramp Core tuning Standard timer and time with accuracy = 0,1 s 30 cm Adjustment height Compressed air. Manometer/regulator fitted to 2 bars Stainless steel tank (80x40cm) Stainless steel grid "Artificial turf " system Water reserve tank Figure 2 Functional diagram (longitudinal view) Percotates recovery recipient

9 Apparatus and its constituents Spraying system The spraying system (see figure 1 and 2) consists of 8 full cone spraying nozzles attached to each of the guiding rods. These nozzles are selected and arranged so that the diameter of the spray on the sample surface has a diameter of 300 mm in order to obtain a complete coverage (see figures 3,4 and 5). The selected full cone spray nozzles shall have a maximum spraying angle of 90. This corresponds to a minimum height between the full cone spray nozzles and the turf surface. 80 cm 80 cm 20 cm 20 cm 20 cm 20 cm 40 cm 20 cm 15 cm 40 cm 20 cm 15 cm 80 cm 15 cm 15 cm 15 cm 15 cm 40 cm 30 cm 30 cm 30 cm 30 cm Figure 3 Functional diagram of watering Longitudinal view Figure 4 Functional diagram of watering Transverse view Figure 5 View of the top of the surface sprayed by each of the nozzles

10 Apparatus and its constituents Preparing the synthetic turf From a 10 cm-wide band all around perimeter, the fibers are disconnected and removed so as to fold the edge up against the walls of thetank. At the corners, a 10x10 cm square is cut out to make it easier to cover the edges. 40 c m 60 c m Stainless steel casing Carpet without fibers 80 cm 100 cm Fiber + carpet +granulate Stainless steel grid Stainless steel tank Figure 6 : Preparation of synthetic turf

11 Apparatus and its constituents Picture 1 : View of the bottom of the tank and of the support grid Picture 2 : View of the valve controlling the spraying system

12 Apparatus and its constituents Picture 3 : View of the grid at the bottom of the tank and the pipe for recovery the eluate Picture 4 : Overview

13 Apparatus and its constituents Photo 5 : Overview of prototype with water reserve tank and compressor Picture 6 : Overview with synthetic turf

14 Désignation Material Quantity Cost Supplier ( for information) : Nomenclature Tank Stainless steel 1 Grid Stainless steel 1 Watering ramp Stainless steel VAT incl. Nozzles + piping Plastic & PEHD 8 35 VAT incl. Water reserve tank + pressurized stake pump VAT incl. Micro asperseur (Gardena, Rainbird, etc..) Timers VAT incl. Manometer/ regulator 1 50 VAT incl. Solenoid valve VAT incl.

15 Inner feed pipe diameter : at least Ø 4,6 mm Full cone spray nozzles with a 80 cone angle Spray nozzle pressure : 2 bars Spray nozzle flow at 2 bars pressure : = 0,15 l / min per nozzle For example, source of nozzle used in our prototype: Supplier : GARDENA Reference: Micro Drip Mist Nozzle ( ) Focus on nozzle

16 Bibliography ADEME, ALIAPUR, FIELDTURF TARKETT, EEDEMS (2007) - Environmental and health evaluation of the use of elastomer granulates (virgin and from used tyres) as filling in thirdgeneration artificial turf U. Hofstra,INTRON Environmental and Health Risks of Rubber Infill, rubber crumb from car tyres as infill on artificial turf, 2007 U. Hofstra, INTRON: Follow-Up Study of the Environmental Aspects of rubber infill, 2008 Rubber Infill, 31st March 2008 Verschoor AJ (2007) Leaching of zinc from rubber infill on artificial turf (football pitches); RIVM Report , Bilthoven. Swiss Study on Environmental Effects of Synthetic Sports Surfaces with Lysimeters ( ) Dr. Ralph Bergs BASF Construction Chemicals Europe AG Division CONICA Technik