The Equus Beds Aquifer: Opportunities and Challenges

Transcription

1 The Equus Beds Aquifer: Opportunities and Challenges Equus Beds Groundwater Management District Equus Beds Groundwater Management District 313 Spruce Street Halstead, Kansas Voice Fax equusbeds@gmd2.org

2 Discussion Topics Global Water Perspective State Water Perspective The Equus Beds Aquifer Water Protection Activities Water Protection Issues Closing Thoughts......

3 Global Water Supply World Oceans - 317,000,000 Mi 3 ~ 97.2 % Lakes, Inland seas, Rivers, Soil, Groundwater, Ice caps and Glaciers - 9,100,000 Mi 3 ~ 2.8 % Groundwater 2,000,000 Mi 3 ~ 0.61% Water consumers billion people and growing One in six do not have daily access to clean drinking water, causing over 500,000 (mostly children) to die annually.

4 59 North America 18 Europe 12 Asia Global Water Use South America Africa 6 Australia 1 4

5 United States daily usage 100 billion gallons/day Kansas

6 Discussion Topics Global Water Perspective State Water Perspective

7 Daily usage 5.7 billion gallons Kansas Base Map Kansas Geological Survey

8 Extent of High Plains Aquifer in Kansas Ogallala Ogallala Ogallala Big Bend Equus Beds Base Map Kansas Geological Survey

9 Kansas Groundwater Management Districts Northwest Kansas GMD4 Western Kansas GMD1 Equus Beds GMD2 Big Bend GMD5 Southwest Kansas GMD3

10 Discussion Topics Global Water Perspective State Water Perspective The Equus Beds Aquifer

11 Equus Beds Groundwater Management District No. 2 Kansas Daily usage million gallons Base Map Kansas Geological Survey

12 Geology and Hydrology of the Equus Beds Aquifer Equus Beds Average Annual Use Baseflow - 6,500,000,000 gallons Municipal 24% Other 3% Baseflow 10% Municipal 15,270,322,830 gallons Irrigation 31,834,189,142 gallons Industrial 8,579,871,892 gallons Other 1,541,842,211 gallons Industrial 13% Irrigation 50% Average annual use 63,726,622,075 gallons

13 Geology and Hydrology of the Equus Beds Aquifer Wichita water supply well Other municipal water supply well Reno McPherson 33 3 Harvey 55 wells 36 million gallons/day 40,000 acre-feet/year Wichita Sedgwick Location Map of Municipal Water Supply Wells Total Number of Wells ~ 200

14 Geology and Hydrology of the Equus Beds Aquifer Location Map of Irrigation Wells Total Number of Wells ~ 1,600 McPherson Sedgwick Reno Harvey

15 Geology and Hydrology of the Equus Beds Aquifer Location Map of Industrial Wells Total Number of Wells ~ 165 McPherson Harvey Reno Sedgwick

16 Summary of Groundwater Use Appropriations by Kansas Groundwater Management Districts 13% 12% 11% 5% GMD 1 GMD 2 GMD 3 GMD 4 GMD 5 59% Prepared by: Regional Economic Area Partnership Data Source: Division of Water Resources Date: November 1, 2000

17 Comparison of Groundwater Appropriations among Kansas Groundwater Management Districts 4,000,000 3,500,000 Acre-Feet 3,000,000 2,500,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000,000 Irrigation Municipal Industrial Stockwater Other 500,000 0 GMD 1 GMD 2 GMD 3 GMD 4 GMD 5 Prepared by: Regional Economic Area Partnership Data Source: Division of Water Resources Date: November 1, 2000

18 Comparison of Irrigation Appropriations Among Kansas Groundwater Management Districts 4,000,000 3,500,000 3,000,000 2,500,000 2,000,000 Irrigation 1,500,000 1,000, ,000 0 GMD 1 GMD 2 GMD 3 GMD 4 GMD 5 Prepared by: Regional Economic Area Partnership Data Source: Division of Water Resources Date: November 1, 2000

19 Comparison of Water Use Appropriations by Kansas Groundwater Management Districts Acre-Feet 90,000 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 Municipal Industrial Stockwater Other GMD 1 GMD 2 GMD 3 GMD 4 GMD 5 Prepared by: Regional Economic Area Partnership Data Source: Division of Water Resources Date: November 1, 2000

20 Evaporation 52 to 56 Groundwater Overview Geology and Hydrology of the Equus Beds Aquifer Water table Rainfall 30 yr. Recharge 3 to 6 ~130 billion gallons Wells, Rivers Pits 64 billion gallons Unsaturated zone Equus Beds Aquifer Bedrock Generalized Illustration of the Hydrologic Cycle and the Equus Beds Aquifer

21 Geology and Hydrology of the Equus Beds Aquifer Groundwater pollution from surface contaminates Air Sand Sensitive Groundwater Area Water Unsaturated zone Water table Equus Beds Aquifer Bedrock Generalized Cross-section of the Equus Beds Aquifer

22 Discussion Topics Global Water Perspective State Water Perspective The Equus Beds Aquifer Water Protection Activities

23 Equus Beds Groundwater Management District Established 1975 Purpose Manage the Equus Beds aquifer Balance groundwater discharge with recharge Prevent groundwater mining Protect natural water quality Remediate groundwater contamination Kansas Size - 1,406 square miles Location - South-central Kansas (Reno, Harvey, McPherson Sedgwick Counties) Population - 550,000

24 Groundwater Management Districts Local Management of Water Issues Division of Water Resources Kansas Water Office State and Federal Water Agencies Kansas Kansas Dept Corporation Health Commission Environment Kansas Geological Survey Bureau of Reclamation US Geological Survey Board of Directors Groundwater Management District Aquifer Management Program Public Local Water Supply and Water Quality Issues KCC - Cathodic Borehole Regulations 2004 Municipal Industry KDHE - Abandoned Inactive Water Wells 2005 Domestic Land Owners DWR -Water Appropriation 2004, 2010, Agriculture Other Users Counties 2011

25 Groundwater Management Activities Data Collection

26 Kansas Geological Survey - WIZARD Maintains nearly 550 water level monitoring wells Collects 2,000 to 3,000 measurements annually Maintains historical water level records to 1975 Available to local, state and federal agencies public

27 Groundwater Level Changes in the Equus Beds Aquifer January Prepared By: Kansas Geological Survey

28 Preliminary Groundwater Level Changes in the Equus Beds Aquifer January Prepared By: Kansas Geological Survey

29 Average Water-Level Decline Jan 2011-Jan 2012 : 3.2 feet Average Water-Level Decline Jan 2012-Jan 2013 : 1.8 feet

30 Average Water-Level Increase Jan 2013-Jan 2014 : 2.5 feet

31 300 to 500 WATER SAMPLES COLLECTED ANNUALY

32 Equus Beds Groundwater Management District No. 2 Groundwater Monitoring Site Map Equus Beds Groundwater Management District No. 2 Groundwater Monitoring Site Map Groundwater Monitoring Site 3 3 3

33 Equus Beds Groundwater Management District Groundwater Quality Monitoring Network Groundwater Monitoring Site A B C Clay Upper Equus Beds aquifer Middle Clay Lower Bedrock

34 2000 Equus Beds Groundwater Management District No. 2 Chloride Concentrations - Groundwater Monitoring Site EB 8 CHLORIDE CONCENTRATION (mg/l) DATE SAMPLED EB8A EB8B EB8C

35 Burrton Equus Beds Aquifer Upper Zone Chloride Concentrations Burrton IGUCA

36 Burrton Equus Beds Aquifer Middle Zone Chloride Concentrations Burrton IGUCA

37 Burrton Equus Beds Aquifer Lower Zone Chloride Concentrations Burrton IGUCA

38 Burrton Chloride Plume

39 EQUUS BEDS GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT NO. 2 Total Reported Groundwater Use, Reported Groundwater Use (acre-feet) OTHER INDUSTRIAL MUNICIPAL IRRIGATION Year

40 Drought Impacts Cheney Reservoir

41 ARKANSAS RIVER AUGUST 2012

42 LITTLE ARKANSAS RIVER AUGUST 2012

43 LITTLE ARKANSAS RIVER JULY 30, 2013 ~7,500 CFS

44 LITTLE ARKANSAS RIVER JULY 30, 2013 ~7,500 CFS Flow Rate equal to 4,200 center pivots operating at 800 GPM!

45 Discussion Topics State Water Perspective The Equus Beds Aquifer Water Protection Activities Water Protection Issues

46 Equus Beds Groundwater Management District No. 2 Groundwater Management Issues Oil Field Brine Natural Salinity Septic Waste Disposal RENO MCPHERSON HARVEY Recharge rate exceeded Unregulated groundwater pits City landfill expansion Nitrate SEDGWICK Prepared by: Equus Beds Groundwater Management District No. 2 \msoffice\overhead\weather.ppt

47 Equus Beds Groundwater Management District No. 2 Special Management Areas hwy56 McPherson Intensive Groundwater Use Special Water Quality Areas Enhanced Well Spacing Area Reno hwy14 hwy17 Cheney Lake hwy50 I135 Harvey Sedgwick hwy54 Prepared By: Equus Beds GMD2

48 Groundwater Monitoring Site Johnson Oil Field Voshell Oil Field Sperling Oil Field Oil Field Brine Contamination Sites Intensive Groundwater Special Water Quality Use Areas

49 Equus Beds Groundwater Management District No. 2 Special Management Area hwy56 McPherson Intensive Groundwater Use Control Area Reno Harvey hwy50 hwy14 hwy17 Cheney Lake I135 Sedgwick hwy54 Prepared By: Equus Beds GMD2

50 Groundwater Management Issues Water Budget: Safe-yield vs. Depletion

51 Water Budget Depletion - discharge greater than recharge Evaporation 52 to 56 Rainfall Recharge Less than Wells, evaporation, baseflow Declining Water table Equus Beds Aquifer Bedrock

52 Water Budget Ogallala aquifer Southwest Kansas

53 Water Budget Safe-yield - discharge less than or equal to recharge Evaporation 52 to 56 Rainfall Recharge Wells, evaporation, baseflow Stable water table Equus Beds Aquifer Bedrock Generalized Illustration of the Hydrologic Cycle and the Equus Beds Aquifer

54 Water Budget Equus Beds aquifer South-central Kansas

55 Safe Yield Regulation - Effective 1980 W29 W32 W05 T TT T T T T 23S02W28 T 23S02W33 24S02W04 T 24S02W09 T 24S02W16T T T T T T T T 23S02W27 T T T T T T T T T T T ð 23S02W34 T 24S02W03 T 24S02W10 24S02W15 Proposed nondomestic well T T T 23S02W26 T T T T T T T T T 23S02W35 Halstead 24S02W02 24S02W11 T 24S02W14 23S02W25 TT 23S01W30 23S01W29 T T ð T T T T T T T T T T T 23S02W36 23S01W31 T T T T T T T T ð T T T T T 24S02W01 24S01W06 T T T T T ð T T T T T 24S02W12 T 24S01W07 T T T T ð ð T T T 24S02W13 24S01W18 T T T T 23S01W32 24S01W05 24S01W08 24S01W17 PRELIMINARY SAFE YIELD EVALUATION - 01/06/98 LOCATION: NC-SE SEC. 11, T24S, R2W, HARVEY COUNTY Special Use Area: NONE SER# Easting_UTM14 Northing_UTM14 FILE_ID TWP RNG SEC QUALIFIER USE QUANTITY A S 02W VC045 24S 02W VC046 24S 02W VC047 24S 02W VC048 24S 02W A S 02W A S 02W A S 02W A S 02W 2 SWSWSW A S 02W A S 02W A S 01W 6 NCS2SW A S 01W 6 NWNWSW VC051 24S 01W VC052 24S 01W GMD VHV S 02W VHV S 02W recommends A S A to DWR 24S 02Wthat A S 02W A permit 24S 02W A S 02W A application 24S 02W 12is VC049 24S 02W VC050 denied 24S 02W VC053 24S 02W A S 02W A S 02W A S 02W A S 02W A S 02W A S 02W VHV S 02W A S 01W VC054 24S 01W VC055 24S 01W Nondomestic VC056 24S 01W A S 02W 23 NWSWNE withdraws A S 02W 23 NWNWNW A S 02W A S 02W A S 02W 24 NWNWSW A S 02W 24 NWNWSW VC044 23S 02W quantity values given in acre-feet per year EXISTING APPROPRIATIONS ALLOWABLE APPROPRIATIONS 4021 Two-mile radius evaluation area

56 Time Line Development Safe Yield Groundwater Development vs.. Groundwater Management

57 Time Line Development Safe Yield Groundwater Development vs.. Groundwater Management

58 Groundwater Development vs.. Groundwater Management Groundwater Development vs.. Groundwater Management Time Line Time Line Development Safe Yield

59 Groundwater Development vs.. Groundwater Management Groundwater Development vs.. Groundwater Management Time Line Time Line Development Safe Yield

60 n Groundwater Development vs. Groundwater Management Groundwater Development vs. Groundwater Management Time Line Time Line Development Safe Yield

61 Groundwater Development vs. Groundwater Management Groundwater Development vs. Groundwater Management Time Line Time Line Development Safe Yield

62 n n n Groundwater Development vs. Groundwater Management Groundwater Development vs. Groundwater Management Time Line Time Line Development Safe Yield

63 Ogallala aquifer Ogallala aquifer Discharge exceeds Discharge exceeds recharge recharge Equus Beds Beds aquifer aquifer Equus Discharge is than Discharge is less approximately equal to or equal to recharge recharge

64 Water level data for the period from 1940 to 2013, indicate the Ogallala aquifer is being actively mined Thomas County Township 8 Range 33 ScottCounty County- Scott Township18 18 Township Range33 33 Range Grant County Township 28 Range 38 Data source - Kansas Geological Survey

65 Harvey County Township 23 Range 2 Reno County Township 24 Range 5 Sedgwick County Township 25 Range 3 Data source - Kansas Geological Survey Water level data for the period from 1939 to 2013, indicate the Equus Beds aquifer is not being actively mined McPherson County Township 19 Range 3

66 Groundwater Management Issues Groundwater Pits

67 Groundwater Management Issues Groundwater Pits Unsaturated zone (protective barrier) Equus Beds Aquifer

68 Groundwater Management Issues Groundwater Pits Quantity and Quality Issues 80 to 100 acre sand pit Equus Beds Aquifer

69 Groundwater Management Issues Groundwater Pits Quantity Issue Total groundwater pit development in the Equus Beds Net annual evaporation loss about two billion gallons 2,500 acres groundwater pit Equus Beds Aquifer Groundwater Discharge

70 Groundwater Management Issues Groundwater Pits Quality Issue Untreated urban and rural storm water run off Contains contaminates that can degrade and pollute the quality of the Equus Beds aquifer groundwater pit Equus Beds Aquifer

71 Groundwater Management Issues Groundwater Pits Legislators Mandated Groundwater Pit Study Water Quality Protection - Prohibit discharge or - Treat discharge High Plains Aquifer groundwater pit

72 Groundwater Management Issues Septic Waste Disposal

73 Septic Waste Disposal and Groundwater Protection Waste Production A 50 unit 100 acre housing addition may produce up to 3,000,000 gallons annually, a volume equal to covering a football field in 12 feet of waste effluent each year Pre-Treatment Disposal Water Supply Well Unsaturated zone Water table Septic Tank Equus Beds Aquifer Infiltration Lateral Lines Contains nitrates, fecal bacteria, viruses, cleaning solvents Bedrock Generalized Cross-section of the Equus Beds Aquifer

74 Groundwater Management Issues Landfills

75 Area Landfills McPherson County McPherson Hutchinson Buhler Harvey County Newton Reno County Wichita Sedgwick County

76 Landfills and Groundwater Protection Mt Trash More Unsaturated zone Water table Bedrock Equus Beds Aquifer Generalized Cross-section of the Equus Beds Aquifer

77 Groundwater Management Issues Waste Lagoons

78 Waste Lagoons and Groundwater Protection Contaminated - Public Water Supply Well Increased Costs - Treat or Move Well Decrease - User Confidence Increase - State/Federal Requirements Unsaturated zone Water table 1/8 day = 1.2 million gallons/year Equus Beds Aquifer Bedrock Generalized Cross-section of the Equus Beds Aquifer

79 Waste Lagoons and Groundwater Protection Groundwater Protection Practices Establish Sensitive Groundwater Areas Require liners in SGA Minimum separation Monitoring wells as needed Lagoon Bedrock Equus Beds Aquifer Generalized Cross-section of the Equus Beds Aquifer

80 Groundwater Management Issues Aquifer Storage and Recovery (groundwater recharge)

81 McPherson County North McPherson Depletion area Saline water Reno County Hutchinson Harvey County Newton Prior to 1930 s Equus Beds aquifer and rivers in hydrologic balance. Wichita Sedgwick County

82 McPherson County North McPherson Depletion area Saline water Reno County Hutchinson Harvey County Newton Burrton oil field discovered in 1930 s. Saltwater disposal methods polluted over 35 square miles of Equus Beds aquifer. Sedgwick County Wichita

83 McPherson County North McPherson Depletion area Saline water Reno County Hutchinson Harvey County Newton 1940 to Portions of the Equus Beds aquifer were dewatered up to 30 feet. The hydrologic balance between the aquifer and rivers is altered along with the oil field brine contamination. Sedgwick County Wichita

84 McPherson County North McPherson Depletion area Saline water Reno County Hutchinson Harvey County Newton Reports of saltwater pollution north of Ark River and near Burrton received by GMD2. Groundwater study launched by GMD2, federal and state agencies. Sedgwick County Wichita

85 McPherson County North McPherson Depletion area Saline water Reno County Hutchinson Harvey County Newton In part the study found: 1) depletion changed the safe-yield balance and decreased baseflow of the Little Ark, 2) increased movement of oil field brine and 3) induced surface water from Ark river into Equus Beds aquifer. Wichita Sedgwick County

86 McPherson County North McPherson Depletion area Saline water Reno County Hutchinson Harvey County Newton Two water issues one common solution. Wichita Water Supply Deficit by 2015 Sedgwick County

87 65 billion gallons are available for storage to return to 1940 water levels.

88 Studies by GMD2, USGS, and Bureau of Reclamation demonstrate that chloride brines and the Arkansas river will migrate into the well field area by Chlorides will exceed 250 ppm throughout the area.

89 Generalized cross section of the Equus Beds aquifer discharging (baseflow) to the rivers. Annual baseflow is approximately 6.5 billion gallons. Water table River stage at baseflow Equus Beds Aquifer

90 Aquifer Storage and Recovery Project - ASR Water table Little Arkansas River Above baseflow stage Baseflow stage Bank storage Equus Beds Aquifer

91 Groundwater Monitoring Site - EB143 Hydrograph, August 2003-July 2004 EB143A HYDROGRAPH, Depth to Water (feet bls) 5 10 Bank Storage 15 Event Sep 03 Nov 03 Jan 04 Mar 04 May 04 Jul 04 Time EB143A Depth 59 feet

92 Aquifer Storage and Recovery Project - ASR Water table Conjunctive Use Natural Artificial Recharge Bank storage well To Recharge facility Little Arkansas River Above baseflow stage Baseflow stage Bank storage Equus Beds Aquifer

93 From Bank storage well Recharge Credits Aquifer Storage Recovery Well Recharge Well Recharge Trench Recharge Basin Recharged water table Basin Storage Area Bench mark water table Basin Storage Loss Capture Zone Aquifer Storage Aquifer Storage Recovery System (ASR)

94 N Figure 1. % Aquifer Storage and Recover Wells Bank Storage Wells Surface Intake

95 Withdraw Injection Figure 9. Example of Construction Design for Recharge and Recovery Well

96 # # # # # # # # # lower middle upper Upper saltwater contamination plume Middle saltwater contamination plume Lower saltwater contamination plume River gage Bank storage well and Surface Intake Aquifer storage and recovery well Non-domestic well or baseflow node Monitoring well # N U% Application No Application No Application No

97 # # # # # # # # ## # # # # lower middle N Application No Application No Application No upper Recharge Basin Application No

98 # # # # # # # # ## # # # # lower upper N Application No Application No Application No middle Recharge Basin Application No

99 # # # # # # # # ## # # # # middle upper N Application No Application No Application No lower Recharge Basin Application No

100 Phase II Can capture and recharge up to 30 MGD. Only uses surface water. Treatment plant that will treat the water adequately to go directly into 31 recharge wells. Included replacement of approximately 17 miles of existing raw water pipeline. Through AF Recharged for Phase I II; 1691 AF recharge credits

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102 Discussion Topics Global Water Perspective State Water Perspective The Equus Beds Aquifer Water Protection Activities Water Protection Issues Closing thoughts......

103 Groundwater Protection Golden Rule You can make a difference! Prevention of groundwater contamination and water quality protection costs more than doing nothing, but much less than groundwater cleanup.

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105 LASTLY: PRAY FOR RAIN.JUST NOT TOO MUCH!

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107 GMD2.ORG

108 You can make a difference! Questions and Answers