ATSDR Health Assessment of Vapor Intrusion at Military Facilities

Transcription

1 Slide 1 ATSDR Health Assessment of Vapor Intrusion at Military Facilities Presented at the Environment, Energy & Sustainability Symposium June 2010 Tonia Burk, PhD Division of Health Assessment and Consultation Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) (770) TBurk@cdc.gov The findings and conclusions in this presentation are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry /Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

2 Slide 2 Outline Overview of Vapor Intrusion (VI) guidance and policy Review of DoD sites Review of all ATSDR sites Conclusions and Strategies

3 Slide 3 ATSDR & Vapor Intrusion: A Historical Overview How did we get here? ATSDR s Landfill Gas Primer: An Overview for Environmental Health Professionals (Nov 2001) EPA Draft Guidance for Evaluating the Vapor Intrusion to Indoor Air Pathway from Groundwater & Soils (Nov 2002) pages Interstate Technology Regulatory Council s Vapor Intrusion Pathway: A Practical Guideline (Jan 2007) pages ATSDR s Evaluating Vapor Intrusion Pathways at Hazardous Waste Sites (Feb 2008) 12 pages Tri-Services Handbook for the Assessment of the Vapor Intrusion Pathway (Feb 2008) 154 pages

4 Slide 4 Contamination at 212 DoD Sites 86 DoD sites have trichloroethylene 49 DoD sites have tetrachloroethylene 35 DoD sites have benzene 24 DoD sites have vinyl chloride 19 DoD sites have methylene chloride 14 DoD sites have chloroform Prevalence at DoD Sites TCE>PCE>Benzene>VC>MC>Chloroform Prevalence in ATSDR VI list (mostly civilian) PCE>Benzene>TCE>MC>VC>Chloroform

5 Slide 5 Community Concerns at DoD Sites* Health effects are the primary concerns at DoD sites: - Cancer & noncancer health effects - Air quality effects on health - Children s health issues - Reproductive health effects Other concerns considered to be significant: - Communication, education and stress - Multiple chemical exposures - Medical monitoring - Base reuse plans - Mortality rate - Poverty * These concerns were collected after reviewing final ATSDR PHAs and HCs. Professional judgment is sometimes used in assessing community concerns.

6 Slide 6 Review of Public Health Assessment Reports Reviewed ATSDR reports and compiled information on 121 VI sites Examined the data looking for trends and problem chemicals; drafting manuscript ATSDR often evaluates how a new strategy will effect the health calls at sites Have applied for 2010 summer intern to update database with post-march 2008 docs

7 Slide 7 Frequency of Public Health Assessment Reports Evaluating Vapor Intrusion Time Trend in the Number of On-line ATSDR Reports Evaluating Vapor Intrusion EPA Draft Guidance for Evaluating Vapor Intrusion

8 Slide 8 Indoor Air Levels Vs Prevalence Prevalence (number of sites with chemical present)

9 Slide 9 Potency Potency Vs Prevalence Carbon Cl 4 Chloroform Potency Vs Prevalence 1,2-Dichloroethane Benzene 1000 Vinyl Cl Methylene Cl 100 1,3-Butadiene Hexane Xylene PCE 10 1,4-Dichlorobenzene Freon 12 Toluene 1 1,1-Dichloroethylene MTBE 1,2-Dichloroethylene Ethylbenzene TCE butanone Chloromethane Styrene Acetone 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (Potency: indoor air concentration divided by lowest screening value) Cyclohexane Freon Prevalence Prevalence (number of sites with chemical present)

10 Slide 10 Summary of ATSDR VI Sites Total # of Sites 121 Total # of Sites with Indoor Air Data 65 (54%) Total # of Sites with Groundwater Data 77 (64%) Total # of Sites with Soil Gas Data 5 (4%) Total # of Sites with Crawl Space Data 34 (28%) Total # of Sites with Outdoor Air Data 30 (25%) Total # of Different VOCs Detected in Indoor Air 95 Total # of Different VOCs Present in all Media 119 Total # of Sites Declared a Public Health Hazard 18 (15%)

11 Slide 11 Conclusions and Strategies Slightly different set of chemical priorities between DoD and all ATSDR VI sites TCE and VC more prevalent at DoD sites Health effects and air quality most significant community concerns at DoD sites Priority chemicals of concern are TCE, PCE, Benzene, VC, MC and Chloroform Majority of health calls based on groundwater data Only about 50% of sites had indoor air data Less than 5% of sites had soil gas data About 25% of sites had outdoor air data About 15% of sites were declared a public health hazard from VI Need more LINES OF EVIDENCE

12 Slide 12 Multiple Lines of Evidence Examples Soil gas, Crawl space, Indoor air, Groundwater, Background data Site geology Concurrent outdoor and indoor air samples Building construction - Construction type - Presence of preferential pathways - Ventilation Source characterization: nonaqueous phase, biodegradation Results of fate and transport modeling Compare ratios of chemicals in soil gas and indoor air Exposure assessment

13 Slide 13 Vapor Intrusion Sampling Zones ambient air indoor air crawlspace soil gas groundwater

14 Slide 14 Public Health Hazards from Benzene Crown Market, CO 6/12/07 Hartford Homes, IL 7/1/02, 9/9/05 Long Branch Manufacturing, NJ, 5/13/08 Media** AA IA CS 1,147,788 SG

15 Slide 15 * Data shown for blood samples Biomonitoring Progress*

16 Concentration in Blood (ng/ml) Slide 16 BTEX Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylene (BTEX) Levels* (95th percentile with 95% confidence interval error bars) B ('01-'02) * NHANES Data B ('03-'4) T ('01-02) T ('03-04) E ('01-02) E ('03-04) X (ortho) ('01-02) X (ortho) ('03-04) X (m&p) ('01-02) X (m&p) ('03-04)

17 Slide 17 Background VOC Sources Benzene - Gasoline - Household paints and degreasers - Tobacco (~1/2 of inhalation exposures) PCE - Recently dry cleaned fabrics - Adhesives, degreasers, stain remover TCE - Household products - Household solvents, rust remover, sealant

18 Slide 18 VOC Background Exposures (μg/m3) Primary route of exposure: Inhalation Max 95 th % background levels: Indoor air Outdoor air Benzene 29 FO 9.6 BASE TCE 6.5 BASE 5 CHD PCE 25.4 BASE 10.4 BASE FO - Fuel oil heated homes - NYSDOH BASE - Building Assessment and Survey Evaluation - NYSDOH CHD - Control home database - NYSDOH

19 Slide 19 * TCE Concentrations were all below the level of detection

20 Slide 20 Other VOC Exposures 1,4 Dichlorobenzene 95 th % 4.1 ( ) ng/ml moth repellent and deodorizer, inhal, ingest absorption, residence time~few hours 2,5-Dimethylfuran 95 th %.140 ( ), cigarette smoke & coffee aroma Ethylbenzene.140 ( ), vehicle emissions, cig smoke,carpet adhesives Tetrachloromethane 95 th % ( ) ( 01-2; <LOD 3-4), solvent, fumigant, mfctr CFCs MTBE 188 ( ) pg/ml, fuel additive, solvent Styrene.200 ( ) emissions from photocopiers and laser printers, cigarette smoke, and consumer products Toluene 1.06 ( ) nail polish solvent, adhesive glues, paints, paint thinner and cigarette smoke O-Xylene.130 ( ).090 ( ) adhesive, ink, paint, tobacco smoke M&p-xylene.670 ( ) ( 01-2);.340 ( ) ( 03-4)

21 Slide 21 VOC s Generally < LOD (NHANES) Chlorobenzene 1,3 & 1,2 Dichlorobenzene 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) Dibromomethane Dichloroethane Dichloroethylene Dichloropropane Trichloroethane Trichloroethylene Tetrachloroethane Hexachloroethane Nitrobenzene

22 Slide 22 Thanks to Collaborators Greg Zarus, Team Lead, Federal Facilities Team Charles Grosse, Environmental Health Scientist Carole Hossom, Environmental Health Scientist Katherine Pugh, Environmental Health Scientist Scott Sudweeks, Environmental Health Scientist Laura Frazier, Environmental Health Scientist

23 Slide 23 Comments? Questions? ATSDR Health Assessment of Vapor Intrusion at Military Facilities Environment, Energy & Sustainability Symposium June 2010 Tonia Burk, PhD The findings and conclusions in this presentation are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry /Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.