D+R INTERNATIONAL LED LIGHTING SPECIFICATION FOR HORTICULTURAL AND AGRICULTURAL APPLICATIONS

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1 D+R INTERNATIONAL LED LIGHTING SPECIFICATION FOR HORTICULTURAL AND AGRICULTURAL APPLICATIONS 1. SCOPE This specification covers LED lighting products intended for use in indoor and greenhouse horticultural buildings and indoor agricultural buildings for animals including, but not limited to poultry, cattle, and swine. Specifically, this specification is intended to cover products that provide lighting for plants and animals in an indoor 1 environment. The purpose of this specification is to help utilities and other stakeholders identify energy-efficient LED screw-base or linear lamps and luminaires for areas where the primary purpose of the lighting is to provide light for plants and animals. This specification is not intended to cover white light sources intended for humans. Application Agriculture Horticulture Product Types Lamps (ANSI standard base types: E26, E26d, E17, E39), Linear Replacement Lamps, Luminaires Comment 1: D+R has received feedback from some stakeholders suggesting that screw-base lamps should not be included in the agricultural scope of this specification. These stakeholders asserted that these lamps do not meet the code requirements outlined in NEC 547, and, if included, should be required to be used in an enclosed fixture or jelly-jar. D+R seeks stakeholder comment on whether screw-base lamps should be included in the specification and whether the specification should include other base types as well. D+R also seeks feedback from stakeholders on whether other product types should be included and encourages questions about whether certain types of lighting would fall within the scope of the specification. For example, products intended for aquaculture are not covered under the current draft specification. 1 Indoor is defined here as spaces that are enclosed or semi-enclosed (may have a roof, but have limited walls) and include electric lighting (e.g., barns, coops, and greenhouses). 1

2 2. DEFINITIONS Term Color tunable High-bay luminaire Linear replacement lamp Linear strip luminaire Low-bay luminaire Screw-base lamp Definition The ability of a product that contains multiple types and/or colors of LEDs to be adjusted to change the color produced. A luminaire intended to be placed 25 feet above the building floor. Can be pendant or surface or ceiling mounted. A tubular lamp-style product that is intended to replace a T12, T8, or T5 product. Product may have a standard base and connect through a standard lamp holder. Driver can be internal or external. A luminaire no wider than 1 foot (e.g., vapor tight fixture, linear ambient luminaire). Can be suspended, surface mounted, or recessed. A light source intended to be placed <25 feet above the building floor. Can be pendant or surface or ceiling mounted. A light bulb with integral ballast intended to be placed into a screw-base socket. Must have an ANSI standard base type of E26, E26d, E17, or E39. For mogul screwbase replacements of HID lamps, drivers can be internal or external. Comment 2: D+R seeks feedback from stakeholders on additional definitions that should be included in this specification and any recommendations for clarifications. 3. LIGHT OUTPUT AND EFFICIENCY Horticultural and agricultural applications shall be measured between nm. If lamp or luminaire is color tunable, product shall be measured at the least-efficient setting in the required range. Product Type Light Output (µmol/s) Efficacy (µmol/w) Screw-base lamp Linear replacement lamp (T8) Linear strip luminaire 30/ft 1.7 High-bay luminaire Low-bay luminaire

3 Comment 3: Lighting for humans (white-light applications) is focused on a particular part of the spectral distribution and is weighted by V (λ) to account for the human eye response. Plants respond to different parts of the spectral distribution; the vast majority responds to light in the nm range, commonly known as Photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR). For this reason, D+R is proposing to measure photon production in the nm range. While some plants respond to light outside this range, particularly in the far-red region, the vast majority of horticultural applications can be covered by measuring in proposed range. D+R seeks stakeholder feedback on this range. At this time, D+R is not proposing that the distribution be weighted by the McCree curve or a similar weighting mechanism. The metrics for horticultural lighting are correspondingly different from those used for human lighting. Whereas light for humans is reported in lumens, lighting for plants is commonly measured directly in photons produced per second (µmol/s). The efficacy metric is µmol/w, or photons produced per watt of power. D+R analyzed data on incumbent technologies (incandescent, halogen, high-pressure sodium, and metal halide) and LED products to arrive at the proposed light output and efficacy ranges. Recognizing that there is a wide variety of horticultural applications, D+R has tried to set minimum light output levels to accommodate a wide variety of products, and seeks stakeholder feedback on the proposed efficacy and light output levels. There is currently no standardized method for measuring photon production in the proposed range ( nm). The American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) ES 310 Ag Lighting Group is working to develop a standard to assess the efficiency of horticultural applications. D+R is tracking the efforts of this committee and will likely adopt its recommended method of measurement once the standard has been finalized. D+R seeks comment on whether and how those metrics could be adequately and consistently assessed while standards are in development. Similar to horticultural applications, agricultural lighting products are designed for wavelengths different than products intended for humans. The photoresponse of most animals falls in the nm range. For simplicity s sake, D+R is proposing to develop requirements by product type that mirror horticultural requirements, rather than animal-specific applications (e.g., separate requirements for poultry). Additionally, D+R is proposing that this range not be weighted by any particular animal response curve and that all wavelengths have equal weight. Animal LED lighting lacks a standardized method of measurement. D+R is not aware of any efforts to develop a standardized method of measurement for the light output and efficacy of these products, but anticipates that the standard being developed for horticultural applications could also be used to measure agricultural applications. 3

4 4. COLOR A. Manufacturers are required to report their spectral distribution range based on an Integrating Sphere test. B. Manufacturers are required to provide a specification sheet that includes, at minimum, a spectral distribution graph at maximum power. For agricultural applications, manufacturers must also include a spectral distribution graph at 25% dimming. These graphs shall match the provided test report. Comment 4: Because Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) and Color Rendering Index (CRI) are metrics based on the human visual system, D+R is not proposing to include them as requirements. Based on discussions with stakeholders, D+R is proposing to require manufacturers to provide spectral distribution graphs on product specification sheets. D+R expects such graphs and an Integrating Sphere test to confirm the spectral distribution range to be more useful for these applications. D+R seeks additional stakeholder comment on the color requirements. 5. RELIABILITY Test 3,000-hour Lamp/Luminaire Photo Production Maintenance 1,000-hour Cycling ISTMT on LED Chip Requirements/Description Products must report light output maintenance at 3,000 hours. Testing shall be conducted at the lamp or luminaire level. Testing shall be conducted according to a standard once one is developed. Products must be cycled 2 hours on, 30 minutes off for 1,000 hours. Product passes if it can still produce light at the end of 1,000 hours of cycling. LED temperature must be less than or equal to the maximum operating temperature as specified in LED chip manufacturer specification sheet. Current must be less than or equal to current specified in LED chip manufacturer specification sheet. Testing shall be conducted according to the end product application (as determined by the safety specifier), including ANSI/UL 1598 or CSA C22.2 No , including Sections 19.7, or UL 1993, as applicable. Testing shall be conducted on the hottest LED. ISTMT on Driver (Screw-base lamps excluded) Two photos shall be included, one showing the location on the board where the LED was tested and one close-up of the LED chip. Temperature must be less than or equal to the operating temperature as specified in the driver manufacturer specification sheet. If driver is custom-built in-house, manufacturer must provide signed statement specifying the operating temperature and identify the appropriate temperature measurement point (TMP) for that driver. Testing shall be conducted according to ANSI/UL 1598 or CSA C22.2 No , including Sections 19.7, At least one photo that shows the placement of the thermocouple on the driver shall be included. 4

5 Comment 5: Another major difference between human lighting and plant and animal lighting is that the operational environment for plant and animal lighting tends to be more severe. This difference makes a robust reliability protocol necessary. D+R is proposing four protocols as part of the reliability requirements. The 3,000-hour lamp/luminaire test is meant to provide insight into the lamp or luminaire performance. At this time, D+R is not proposing a specific performance level for this requirement, but intends to note the flux maintenance from the initial measurement (0-hour to the 3,000-hour measurement). D+R is proposing that testing be conducted using a protocol similar to the one outlined in LM-84. D+R is also proposing a 1,000-hour cycling protocol to stress the electronic components and eliminate any products with extremely poor performance. To ensure robust thermal performance, an ISTMT must be performed on the LED chip and driver. D+R seeks feedback on the proposed protocols, other ideas for assessing product reliability, and recommendations for appropriate environmental conditions for testing. 6. ELECTRICAL Test Requirements Power Factor Must have a power factor of 0.9 Testing shall be conducted according to ANSI C Total Harmonic Distortion Must have a THD of 20% Testing shall be conducted according to ANSI C Comment 6: D+R seeks stakeholder feedback on the proposed requirements for power factor and total harmonic distortion. 7. WARRANTY Product warranty must clearly cover all product components and include reasonable terms of use. Product Type Warranty Length (years) Screw-base lamp (omnidirectional or directional) 3 years Linear replacement lamp Linear strip luminaire 5 years High-bay luminaire Low-bay luminaire 5

6 Comment 7: In accordance with its belief that warranty is an important topic for utilities, D+R has set requirements based on the technology and feedback from the Agricultural and Horticultural Lighting Review Board. D+R seeks stakeholder feedback on the proposed warranty requirements. 8. SAFETY Safety Area Electrical, Fire Luminaires Electrical, Fire Lamps Wet Locations Corrosion Requirements Manufacturers are required to provide documentation of safety certification from an OSHA Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL) to ANSI/UL 1598 and CAN/CSA or equivalent standard. Manufacturers are required to provide documentation of safety certification from an OSHA Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL) to ANSI/UL 1993 or equivalent standard. Manufacturers are required to demonstrate that the luminaire or lamp is constructed so that water cannot enter or accumulate within the luminaire as demonstrated by certification and marking by an OSHA NRTL to UL1598/CSA 22.2 No. 250 or an equivalent standard. Manufacturers are required to demonstrate that the luminaire or lamp is totally enclosed, gasketted, and produced using a corrosion-resistant type of construction as demonstrated by certification and marking by an OSHA NRTL to UL-50E/CSA 22.2, 94.2 or equivalent standard. 6

7 Comment 8: D+R has engaged in extensive conversations with the Review Board and other key stakeholders regarding the safety certifications most applicable to agricultural and horticultural installations. Based on these discussions, D+R believes that all agricultural and horticultural lighting products should be certified to electrical/fire, wetness, and corrosion standards. These certifications are already required in many areas in the United States and Canada and initial feedback indicates that they are the most applicable. D+R solicits stakeholder feedback on whether these are the appropriate certifications for safety, wetness, and corrosion. In particular, D+R requests feedback if other certifications, such as IP Ratings, or other references, such as directly referencing NEC 547, would be more appropriate. If the certifications cited above are appropriate, D+R seeks comment on whether all horticultural and agricultural lighting products should be required to reach a specific wetness rating (e.g., dry, damp, or wet), and whether corrosion ratings should be optional or required. If corrosion ratings were to be optional, the certification would be noted for each product that provides this information. Certain stakeholders have indicated that other reported safety information may be useful, including manufacturer-reported minimum IP ratings and/or in-house testing to determine susceptibility to common cleaning agents. D+R seeks comment on whether these metrics would be useful for stakeholders, and to what extent. D+R also seeks comment on any additional certifications that would be necessary or useful, including test methods and certification standards. Additionally, D+R seeks comment on any additional tests 9. DIMMING A. Manufacturers are required to report whether their product is dimmable. Comment 9: D+R requests stakeholder feedback on dimming, especially whether knowing if a product is dimmable would be useful, what other information about controls would be useful, and how that information would be helpful. 7