Section 4 Regional Water Management Strategies

Transcription

1 4.1 Water Management Strategies Proposition 50, Chapter 8 IRWM grant program guidelines (June 2007) identified 20 potential water management strategies, listed below, that could be implemented to meet the Region s water resource needs. The guidelines require that an IRWM plan consider the strategies in the first column. Ecosystem Restoration Wetlands Enhancement and Creation Environmental and Habitat Protection and Improvement Conjunctive Use Water Supply Reliability Desalination Flood Management Imported Water Groundwater Management Land Use Planning Recreation and Public Access NPS Pollution Control Storm Water Capture and Management Surface Storage Water Conservation Watershed Planning Water Quality Protection and Improvement Water and Wastewater Treatment Water Recycling Water Transfers The 2005 Update of the California Water Plan also developed strategies, referred to as resource management strategies, that represent projects, programs, and policies to meet water related resource management needs of each region and statewide. Proposition 84 is requiring that an IRWM plan consider all the Water Plan s resource management strategies. The Water Plan resource management strategies are listed below; many of the strategies are the same or slight variations of those identified under Proposition 50, Chapter 8. Agricultural Land Stewardship Precipitation Enhancement Agricultural Water Use Efficiency Recharge Areas Protection Conjunctive Management and Groundwater Storage Recycled Municipal Water Conveyance Surface Storage - CALFED Desalination Surface Storage regional/local Drinking Water Treatment and Distribution System Re-operation Economic Incentives Urban Land Use Management Ecosystem Restoration Urban Runoff Management A 4-1

2 Floodplain Management Urban Water Use Efficiency Groundwater Remediation/Aquifer Remediation Water-dependent Recreation Matching Water Quality to Water Use Watershed Management Pollution Prevention Water Transfers In many instances, water management strategies address multiple IRWMP planning objectives. For example, in addition to addressing environmental objectives, ecosystem restoration strategies can also help meet water quality, economic and social sustainability, habitat and open space, flood management, land use, and stakeholder involvement objectives. Table 4-1 shows the relationship between water management strategies and the Upper Santa Margarita Watershed objectives. The majority of the water management strategies are applicable to the Upper Santa Margarita Watershed. Water management strategies considered, but not currently being included in this IRWMP, are groundwater remediation/aquifer remediation and precipitation enhancement. The upper watershed agencies did not identify any significant contamination or improvement projects that fall under these strategies that would meet the region s planning objectives. The Surface Storage CALFED strategy is also not directly included in this IRWMP. The upper watershed agencies recognize the importance of CALFED in the state s water supply planning; however, the projects in this IRWMP do not significantly contribute to optimizing CALFED storage project efforts, except by reducing the summer water peak demands on the Delta through the State Water Project. As illustrated in June 2007 reducing summer water peak demands on the Delta is critical in light of environmental protection goals and mandates that called for temporarily shutting the State Water Project pumps down to protect the Delta smelt population. 4-2 A

3 Water and Resource Management Strategies Develop a more reliable and diverse portfolio of water supplies Table 4-1 Strategies Relationship to Upper Santa Margarita Region Planning Objectives Promote economic, social, and environmental sustainability Improve water quality Upper Santa Margarita Watershed Planning Objectives Restore, enhance and maintain habitats and open space Promote sustainable floodplain management Promote appropriate recreational opportunities Promote appropriate land use planning Increase stakeholder involvement and stewardship Maximize implementation of water resource projects Ecosystem Restoration X X X X X X X Environmental Habitat Protection and X X X X X X X Improvement Water Supply Reliability X X X X X X X X Flood Management X X X X X X X X Groundwater Management X X X X X Recreation and Public Access X X X X X Storm Water Capture and Management X X X X Water Conservation X X X X X Water Quality Protection and Improvement X X X X X X Water Recycling X X X X X X Wetlands Enhancement and Creation X X X X X X X CALFED Surface Storage X Regional/Local Surface Storage X X X Urban Water Use Efficiency X X X X X System Reoperation X X X X X Drinking Water Distribution X X X A 4-3

4 Water and Resource Management Strategies Develop a more reliable and diverse portfolio of water supplies Table 4-1 (continued) Strategies Relationship to Upper Santa Margarita Region Planning Objectives Promote economic, social, and environmental sustainability Improve water quality Upper Santa Margarita Watershed Planning Objectives Restore, enhance and maintain habitats and open space Promote sustainable floodplain management Promote appropriate recreational opportunities Promote appropriate land use planning Increase stakeholder involvement and stewardship Maximize implementation of water resource projects Matching Water Quality to Use X X X X X X Urban Runoff Management X X X X X X Economic Incentives (Loans, Grants, and X X X X X X X X Water Pricing) Conjunctive Use X X X X Desalination X X X Imported Water X X X Land Use Planning and Urban Land Use Management X X X X X X NPS Pollution Control X X X X Surface Storage X X X Watershed Planning and Management Drinking Water and wastewater treatment Water Transfer X Water-Dependent Recreation X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Recharge Area Protection X X X X X X Precipitation enhancement Agricultural Water Use Efficiency X X X X X X X X X 4-4 A

5 Water and Resource Management Strategies Develop a more reliable and diverse portfolio of water supplies Table 4-1 (continued) Strategies Relationship to Upper Santa Margarita Region Planning Objectives Upper Santa Margarita Watershed Planning Objectives Promote economic, social, and environmental sustainability Improve water quality Restore, enhance and maintain habitats and open space Promote sustainable floodplain management Promote appropriate recreational opportunities Promote appropriate land use planning Increase stakeholder involvement and stewardship Maximize implementation of water resource projects Conveyance X X X X X Groundwater/Aquifer Remediation Water Pollution Prevention Agricultural Lands Stewardship X X X X X X X X X X X A 4-5

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7 Additionally on July 16, 2007 Governor Schwarzenegger outlined California is facing a long term water problem and that the impacts can have disastrous impacts on the economy and needs of the people. The Governor s plan includes: Surface and groundwater storage Delta sustainability Restoration and conservation. Objectives proposed as part of this IRWMP are in line with the Governor s plan and will assist in reducing potable water demands, increasing the use of recycled water, increase conservation, reducing impacts of flooding, and restoring stream systems. 4.2 Upper Santa Margarita Watershed Region Strategies Integrated to Meet Planning Objectives and Planning Targets This section identifies water management strategies to meet the following nine Upper Santa Margarita Watershed IRWMP planning objectives: Develop a more reliable and diverse portfolio of water supplies, promote economic, social, and environmental sustainability, improve water quality, restore, enhance and maintain habitats and open space, promote sustainable floodplain management, promote appropriate recreational opportunities, promote appropriate land use planning, increase stakeholder involvement and stewardship, and maximize implementation of water resources projects. These strategies were designed to meet multiple planning objectives and multiple planning targets where linkages create more cost-effective and resource-efficient projects Strategies that Develop a More Reliable and Diverse Portfolio of Water Supplies (WS) The Upper Santa Margarita Watershed region is currently using surface, ground, reclaimed, and imported water to meet their demands. The following sections describe applicable water management strategies to address water supply for the region Water Supply Targets Water agencies in the region will develop over 114,000 acre-feet per year of additional local supply by 2030 Imported water dependency will be reduced by 25% from conservation and local supply development by 2030 Diversity of supplies will include: Expanded groundwater A 4-7

8 New brackish desalination of groundwater New recycled water, including demineralization to improve water quality Conjunctive use storage (surface and groundwater) Water transfers Objective WS-1: Continue to implement water conservation efforts to reduce water consumption for the region Strategy WS-1: Water Conservation, Urban Water Use Efficiency, Agricultural Water Use Efficiency Strategies Both urban and agricultural water users in the region are currently implementing conservation measures. RCWD, EVWMD, EMWD, WMWD, and multiple cities are signatories to the California Urban Water Conservation Council MOU to implement BMPs for water conservation. Agricultural users are also controlling water use through efficient management practices and irrigation technologies. Significant efforts are being made to increase water savings. Future conservation must focus on development of new technologies, further economic incentives, and reductions in outdoor water uses. Potential regional water conservation projects include Vail Lake Stabilization and Conjunctive Use, Sustainable Agriculture, Recycled/Raw Water Project Phases 1 and 2, Groundwater Recharge Improvements and New Wells, Agricultural Land Stewardship, Santa Margarita Watershed Council, Public Education and Outreach, and Anza Groundwater Study. Sustainable Agriculture This project will improve water use efficiency in agricultural lands, specifically avocado groves, by implementing new technologies and integrated water management practices based on the Sustainable Management Practice Workbook model of the Vintner s Association. This project will also improve water quality through reduction of non-point source pollution, and will increase water conservation. By sustaining agriculture and ensuring potable water supply for residents of the agricultural areas, this project benefits disadvantaged communities. Agricultural Land Stewardship The Elsinore Murrieta Anza Resource Conservation District, in partnership with RCA, would work with agricultural land-owners, including citrus farmers and wineries, on water conservation and other sustainable techniques. Tasks under this project may include both educational and structural solutions. 4-8 A

9 Santa Margarita Watershed Council Funding for this project would result in the creation of Watershed Council with one paid staff, local stakeholder members, and an advisory group of local agencies. This council would help provide a central support system allowing for great coordination of information, projects and on-going efforts within the watershed. Public Education and Outreach The Elsinore Murrieta Anza Resource Conservation District Public Education and Outreach project would provide education and outreach on watershed issues to the community, including youth groups and disadvantaged communities in watershed. Objective WS-2 Continue to develop cost-effective, local water supplies such as groundwater, surface water, and recycled water in order to reduce dependency on imported water Strategy WS-2a Imported Water Strategy The region relies on imported water from MWD for the majority of its supplies. MWD provides both treated and untreated water from northern California via the SWP and Colorado River. The reliability of both supply sources is susceptible to long-term droughts and water quality issues. Water imported from northern California must be pumped through the environmentally sensitive Bay-Delta. In recent years, native fish populations in the Delta have been decreasing, which has limited the amount of water that can be pumped to southern California. Deteriorating levees, climate change, and flood and earthquake risks also raise concerns about the future of Delta exports. In addition, MWD water rates are projected to steadily increase due to implementation of its integrated plan and capital improvement program. To prepare itself for potential imported water reduction, the upper watershed region must focus on developing a local supply portfolio. The upper watershed region also must improve its management and use of imported water supplies to reduce future costs. Potential projects that address imported water use include Vail Lake Stabilization and Conjunctive Use, Recycled/Raw Water Project Phases 1 and 2, and Murrieta- Temecula Groundwater Recharge Feasibility Study. A 4-9

10 Recycled/Raw Water Project Phase 1 This project will convert two agricultural areas within RCWD s service area, the Santa Rosa and Rancho Divisions, from potable water supplies to demineralized and non-potable supplies. In the Santa Rosa Division, municipal wastewater will be delivered to western agricultural areas. Water would be treated by microfiltration and reverse osmosis and blended with non-demineralized reclaimed water to meet TDS concentration requirements. In the Rancho Division, agricultural demands will be met with raw imported water. This element is dependent on completion of the Vail Lake Stabilization and Conjunctive Use project (Project 1). This project will conserve energy and lessen greenhouse gas emissions through discontinuation of the pumping and treatment of imported water to agricultural lands. Disadvantaged communities will benefit from sustained agricultural uses and managed potable water supplies to the aqricultural region. In addition, important wildlife corridors associated with these agricultural lands will be preserved across the Watershed. To further reduce impacts of greenhouse gas emissions, RCWD will install solar photo voltaic panels at RCWD s Santa Rosa Water Reclamation Facility for an expected generation of 1.8 to 2.0 million kwh annually A

11 Both the recycled/raw water conversion and the installation of solar panels will eliminate over 5 million pounds of CO2 per year currently going into the atmosphere. Recycled/Raw Water Project Phase 2 This project is the second phase in the conversion of two agricultural areas within RCWD s service area from potable water supplies to demineralized and non-potable supplies. In the first phase, treatment facilities for 10,000 AFY of demineralized water were provided along with conveyance facilities to agricultural areas in the Santa Rosa and Rancho Divisions. This second phase includes the expansion of the demineralization treatment capacity to 18,000 AFY. Strategy WS-2b Groundwater Management, Conjunctive Use, Conjunctive Management and Groundwater Storage Strategies Groundwater represents a significant local water supply in the watershed. RCWD, EVWMD, EMWD, and other private users rely on groundwater to meet a portion of their demands. In dry years when natural recharge is low and pumping is high, groundwater levels decline, which could increase overdraft potential, degrade water quality, or result in subsidence. To protect groundwater resources, the region has several opportunities to increase artificial recharge or improve management of the basin through conjunctive use projects. Vail Lake Stabilization and Conjunctive Use This project would entail the construction of the Vail Lake Transmission Main and Pump Station to convey untreated imported water during wet years to stabilize lake levels in Vail Lake allowing for use during dry years. Currently, the source of water for Vail Lake is natural runoff. But by constructing a pipeline from one of the District s imported water turnouts to the lake would allow for seasonal storage and conjunctive use storage. During wet years and winter months, imported water would be stored in Vail Lake and then used to replenish groundwater pumping in dry years and summer months. The project would also provide a raw water connection to agricultural users, who are currently using treated imported water. A programmatic Environmental Impact Report (EIR), which includes this project, will be completed in November, A draft Feasibility Study was recently completed, including a conceptual engineering design. Groundwater Recharge Improvements and New Wells RCWD would improve groundwater recharge facilities and construct up to 18 new groundwater wells to increase water supply and conjunctive use storage. Murrieta-Temecula Groundwater Recharge Feasibility Study Study to investigate recharge potential for Murrieta-Temecula basin, includes geotechnical, geological, hydrologic, water quality investigations, aquifer characterization, land use availability, and evaluation of facilities and capacities. A 4-11

12 Anza Groundwater Study This project would include the installation of groundwater wells to study groundwater aquifers for potential sustainable residential development in Anza. Water quality data would be analyzed to determine relative loading from pollutants of concern. These efforts could be coordinated with other water quality monitoring efforts within the region. Currently, the area is unable to sustain well-water draws by residential wells as a result of an ongoing 15-year drought within the region. This has led to water rights lawsuits from neighboring Native American bands. The Anza area is a disadvantaged community as defined in Section 2. As part of the IRWMP, the development team met with stakeholders in the Anza area and attended the Anza Valley Municipal Advisory Committee (MAC) to explain the IRWMP process. The IRWMP team has assisted the MAC with planning for land use with Riverside County planning and with beginning a process to develop a water resource management plan for the area to be linked to the land use for developing a sustainable community. Ultimately, these efforts led to the submittal of the Anza Groundwater Study. Water Supply/Infrastructure The Bureau of Reclamation is entering into Phase 4 of an ongoing water quality and monitoring study within the Santa Margarita Watershed. The Santa Margarita Watershed Water Supply Augmentation, Water Quality Projection, and Environmental Enhancement project that includes is a stakeholder-coordinated effort that includes a watershed-wide monitoring program. Building on past analysis and review of historic water quality data available for the region, this study looks to create a comprehensive water quality monitoring program in order to create a more complete picture of water quality within the region. Objective WS-3 Manage drought response to increase water supply reliability through implementation of water districts urban water management plans, drought management plans, and water facilities master plans Strategy WS-3 Water Supply Reliability Strategy Water supply reliability highlights current concerns regarding imported water supplies, as described above, and the shift to developing more local supplies. Groundwater, desalination, conservation, local storage, and water recycling, also described above, present opportunities to improve water supply reliability in the region. Projects are Vail Lake Stabilization and Conjunctive Use, Recycled/Raw Water Project Phases 1 and 2, Groundwater Recharge Improvements and New Wells, Water Supply/Infrastructure, Murrieta-Temecula Groundwater Recharge Feasibility Study, Anza Groundwater Study A

13 Objective WS-4 Construct, operate and maintain an efficient water supply infrastructure, including water conveyance, treatment, storage and distribution Strategy WS-4 Conveyance Strategy Conveyance infrastructure can improve the delivery of water throughout the system. Moving water more freely around the system can help meet peak demands and can also support emergency water needs. Conveyance can also support storm water and urban runoff capture. Several limitations include installation costs and use versus capacity issues. Project opportunities in the region include Raw/Recycled Water Project Phase 1 and 2, Murrieta Creek Flood Control Environmental Restoration and Recreation Project, Groundwater Recharge Improvement and New Wells, Implementation of the Anza Master Drainage Plan, Implementation of the Murrieta Creek Master Drainage Plan, Implementation of Wildomar Master Drainage Plan, Capital Improvement Projects, Retrofit Public Property with Water Quality Measures, Funding for NPDES related Public Education, Enhance Master Drainage Plan, and TMDL Implementation. Murrieta Creek Flood Control, Environmental Restoration and Recreation Project This project entails structural alterations along seven miles of Murrieta Creek from Temecula to Murrieta and the creation of a 270-acre detention basin for flood control. A new 50-acre public park will include playfields, pedestrian, bicycle, and equestrian trails and other recreational uses. Three bridges will be constructed across Santa Gertrudis Creek and Murrieta Creek. Environmental restoration will encompass 163 acres of transitional wetland habitat from freshwater marsh to willow riparian woodland with an upland buffer of mulefat and coastal sage scrub. Low-flow channels with natural backwaters will be created within Murrieta Creek, along with a 14- acre sediment catchment area at the confluence of Murrieta and Warm Springs Creek. A 4-13

14 Implementation of Master Drainage Plans These projects propose to construct un-built MDP flood control facilities in various MDPs. Additionally, these projects will identify opportunities to enhance the flood control facilities proposed for construction with water quality measures within each area covered by the plans. Plans included are: Anza Master Drainage Plan Murrieta Creek Master Drainage Plan Wildomar Master Drainage Plan Capital Improvement Projects Funds for this project would pay for the planning, design, and/or implementation of flood control capital improvement projects not covered in the MDPs. Additional projects may be identified that provide a water quality benefit, especially in disadvantaged areas in Riverside County. Retrofit Public Property with Water Quality Measures This project proposes an evaluation of public properties including roads, parks, and other areas for their potential for water quality management measures including but not limited to: Low Impact Design (LID) features Structural Best Management Practices (BMPs) Other Water quality / conservation / management measures Following evaluation and determination of appropriate measures (as needed), additional funds would be used for implementation of proposed retrofits. Funding for NPDES related Public Education Public Education is a necessary component of an effective NPDES program. It targets the anthropogenic source of pollutants. This project will help fund public education activities, especially those that are directed toward addressing the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) impairments in the watershed A

15 Enhance Master Drainage Plan This project proposes updates to the Riverside County Flood Control and Water Conservation District s MDP to reflect current environmental constraints, in particular, to incorporate water quality and water conservation aspects. An update will result in plans that promote feasible environmental benefits, identify retrofit opportunities, and utilize regional opportunities for environmental mitigation for regulatory and permitting compliance. TMDL Implementation This multi-phased project would, plan and construct projects designed specifically to address TMDL and 303(d) pollutants affecting the upper watershed. A range of structural and non-structural opportunities may be considered under this project. Priority of design may be given to those projects that address multiple pollutants of concern. Strategy WS-5 Water Transfers Strategy The upper watershed region implements water transfers within the region by moving water between agricultural, urban, and environmental users. The region indirectly participates in water transfers across regions through its involvement with MWD. MWD pursues water transfers from northern California, southern Central Valley, Colorado River basin, and Mohave basin. These transfers benefit the upper watershed region s imported water supply and water supply reliability. At this time, the IRWMP does not include individual water transfer projects; however, the region recognizes benefits of water transfers and will continue to monitor opportunities. In fact, RCWD s long-term water supply plan recommends dry year water transfers and the water supply projects included in this IRWMP will facilitate these transfers. Strategy WS-6 Desalination Strategy The region has limited uses of desalination to meet drinking water demands. Because the region is primarily inland, ocean water desalination is not considered a likely or cost-effective source for this area. The groundwater basins are currently of sufficient quality that desalting is not necessary for drinking water purposes. The agriculture in the region is typically high value crops, including grapes, avocados, and citrus, which are susceptible to high salt levels in irrigation water. Reverse osmosis technologies will be used, however, to remove salts from recycled water in order to allow recycled water to be used for agricultural irrigation (see the Recycled/Raw Water Project Phase 1 and 2 projects). Strategy WS-7 Surface Storage Strategies Surface storage is limited in the region and includes Diamond Valley Lake, Lake Skinner, Vail Lake, and some small scale reservoirs. MWD owns and operates Diamond Valley as an emergency water source for southern California during a drought and Lake Skinner for water storage. RCWD owns and operates Vail Lake, which has a storage capacity of 50,000 AF and is currently used to help groundwater recharge. Building new surface storage in the region has many challenges, including suitable sites, high costs, and environmental and water quality constraints. A 4-15

16 Opportunities for surface storage should focus largely on better management of existing reservoirs. Projects include Vail Lake Stabilization and Conjunctive Use. Strategy WS- 8 Recycled Water, Recycled Municipal Water Strategies Recycled water is a significant resource in the region as it can offset potable water demands. RCWD, EVWMD, EMWD, and WMWD all operate water reclamation facilities to serve landscape irrigation and other industrial applications. Recycled water, as currently treated, has too high of TDS levels to serve agricultural irrigation. Recycled water would need advanced treatment, or RO, to supply agriculture. Some other challenges for recycled water uses in the region are identifying new recycled water users, disposal of treated effluent and/or brine, water quality treatment requirements, and costs of advanced treatment and conveyance infrastructure. Opportunities to expand recycled water use in the region include Recycled/Raw Water Project Phases 1 and 2, Historic Downtown Murrieta Wastewater Construction Project, Water Supply/Infrastructure. Historic Downtown Murrieta Wastewater Construction Project This project entails installation of new sewer conveyance facilities in the Historic Downtown Murrieta community. By replacing septic systems in disrepair, this project would benefit water quality and preserve future water sources from contamination. Strategy WS-9 System Reoperation Strategy System reoperation allows for better management and movement of existing water supplies and could increase water supplies during dry years. System reoperation projects include Raw/Recycled Water Project Phase 1 and A

17 Objective WS-5 Consider climate change in the evaluation of future water supply options Consistent with the State Water Plan, the Upper Santa Margarita Watershed region is committed to alternative energy (such as solar) to supply energy needed to operate water facilities. RCWD, EMWD, and WMWD are currently operating energy efficient facilities and are planning to incorporate alternative energy sources into future water facilities. For example, the Recycled/Raw Water Project Phase 1 entails the installation of solar photo voltaic panels at RCWD s Santa Rosa Water Reclamation Facility for an expected generation of 1.8 to 2.0 million kwh annually. As such, this project reduces energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. As an enhancement to the Recycled/Raw Water Project, Phase I, this project will benefit agriculture and associated disadvantaged communities. The combined benefits of the Recycled/Raw Water Project will reduce CO2 emissions by over 5 million pounds per year Strategies that Promote Economic, Social, and Environmental Sustainability (SUS) The Proposition 50, Chapter 8 IRWMP Grant program establishes preferences that relate to the need to promote environmental, social and economic sustainability, such as: Including integrated projects with multiple benefits Support and improve local and regional water supply reliability Contribute expeditiously and measurably to the long-term attainment and maintenance of water quality standards Eliminate or significantly reduce pollution in impaired waters and sensitive habitat area Include safe drinking water and water quality projects that serve disadvantaged communities. The region has developed specific planning targets for this objective: Support the Riverside County s Integrated Project program that supports the region s general plan, transportation plan, and multi-species habitat conservation plan Provide reliable and high quality water supply to support the region s current and projected population and economy Protect the region s quality of life, specifically the balance between urban growth, rural lifestyle, and agriculture and open space A 4-17

18 Evaluate and implement renewable energy for water projects, which will help meet the state s goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by 2020, consistent with AB 32 Objective SUS-1 Strategy SUS-1a Account for expected economic growth, societal quality of life, and environmental enhancement when developing water resources projects Watershed Planning, Watershed Management Strategies Watershed planning encompasses a broader perspective on water resource management, including improving and protecting water quality, ecosystems, and open space. Watershed planning promotes multi-benefit projects and often requires the involvement of stakeholders. Lack of funding can restrict watershed planning efforts. Opportunities in the region include Santa Margarita Watershed Restoration, Murrieta Creek Phase 2, Water Supply/Infrastructure, Implementation of the Anza Master Drainage Plan, Implementation of the Murrieta Creek Master Drainage Plan, Implementation of the Wildomar Master Drainage Plan, Capital Improvement Projects, Retrofit Public Property with Water Quality Measures, Funding for NPDES related Public Education, Enhance Master Drainage Plan, and TMDL Implementation, Stream Restoration for Steelhead Trout, Santa Margarita River Watershed Council, Public Education and Outreach, Santa Margarita Watershed Habitat Preservation, and Anza Groundwater Study. SUS-1b Pollution Prevention Strategy Pollution prevention addresses controlling or reducing pollutants from point and nonpoint sources that can affect multiple environmental resources, including water supply, water quality, environmental habitat, water bodies, and air quality. Pollution prevent projects include Historic Downtown Murietta Wastewater Construction Project, Santa Margarita Watershed Restoration, Murrieta Creek Phase 2, Water Supply/Infrastructure, Implementation of the Anza Master Drainage Plan, Implementation of the Murrieta Creek Master Drainage Plan, Implementation of the Wildomar Master Drainage Plan, Capital Improvement Projects, Retrofit Public Property with Water Quality Measures, Funding for NPDES related Public Education, Enhance Master Drainage Plan, TMDL Implementation, Stream Restoration for Steelhead Trout, Agricultural Lands Stewardship, Public Education and Outreach, and Santa Margarita Watershed Habitat Preservation. Objective SUS-2a Equitably address disadvantaged community needs Objective SUS-2b Promote sustainable practices for agriculture Strategy SUS-2 Agricultural Lands Stewardship Strategy The agricultural land stewardship strategy protects and promotes agricultural production in the region. Agriculture is a significant contributor to the regional economy and supports a rural quality of life. Crops grown in the county are typically high value, including avocados, grapes, and citrus. Grapes production supports a growing wine industry that attracts visitors from other regions. Projects that promote agricultural land stewardship include Sustainable Agriculture, Agricultural Lands 4-18 A

19 Stewardship, and Public Education and Outreach. These projects will also address residential conservation use on agricultural lands minimizing costs for landowners and residents who are frequently low income or disadvantaged. Objective SUS-3a Reduce energy usage and greenhouse gas emissions in operations of water supply, stormwater, and wastewater facilities Objective SUS-3b Promote green building construction and low impact development to reduce water consumption and effectively manage runoff Strategy SUS-3 Greenhouse Gases Strategy This strategy addresses current concerns about greenhouse gas emissions and their effects on global climate change. The upper watershed region must increase greenhouse gas emissions as a result of actions in the watershed and how global climate change could affect their watershed, including water supply and habitat. The project that addresses greenhouse gas emissions is the Raw/Recycled Water Project Phases 1 and 2. Objective SUS-4a Prioritize integrated projects that provide multiple benefits Objective SUS-4b Seek cost-effective long term solutions to meet watershed objectives Objective SUS-4c Seek win-win solutions that emphasize partnerships and collaboration, maximize benefits and minimize or resolve conflicts Strategy SUS-4 Watershed Planning, Watershed Management Strategies Watershed planning encompasses a broader perspective on water resource management, including improving and protecting water quality, ecosystems, and open space. Watershed planning promotes multi-benefit projects and often requires the involvement of stakeholders. Lack of funding can restrict watershed planning efforts. Opportunities in the region include Santa Margarita Watershed Restoration, Murrieta Creek Flood Control, Environmental Restoration, and Recreation including Murrieta Creek Phase 2, Water Supply/Infrastructure, Implementation of the Anza Master Drainage Plan, Implementation of the Murrieta Creek Master Drainage Plan, Implementation of the Wildomar Master Drainage Plan, Capital Improvement Projects, Retrofit Public Property with Water Quality Measures, Funding for NPDES related Public Education, Enhance Master Drainage Plan, and TMDL Implementation, Stream Restoration for Steelhead Trout, Santa Margarita River Watershed Council, Public Education and Outreach, Santa Margarita Watershed Habitat Preservation, and Anza Groundwater Study. A 4-19

20 4.2.3 Strategies that Improve Water Quality (WQ) Activities in the region, including urbanization and agriculture, affect water quality in the waterways. Nutrients from both natural sources and from fertilizer applications common to agricultural uses, have been an issue in the past and continue to be monitored and controlled within the region. However with increasing urbanization, other pollutants of concern will need to be considered: total dissolved solids, metals, nutrients, bacteria, and trash are all potential pollutants of concern. Many strategies apply to improving water quality for the environment and to meet water quality standards. The region has developed specific planning targets to improve water quality: Review water quality standards to ensure appropriateness for the region, matching quality to intended use of water Comply with TMDLs that are being developed to meet beneficial uses for region Implement projects to remove water bodies from the 303(d) impaired list Maintain a salt concentration of 500 ppm or less in the watershed s drinking water sources Implement state regulations (AB 885) for septic tank management and review Mitigate significant nutrient and contaminant impacts to groundwater Objective WQ-1 Evaluate appropriateness of existing water quality standards, matching water quality with its intended use Strategy WQ-1a Matching Water Quality to Water Use Strategy Agricultural, municipal, landscape and residential water uses have different water quality standards. Achieving water quality standards can also be impacted by natural background conditions, natural flow conditions, irreversible human impacts, hydrologic modifications, natural features of the water body and economic hardships. Matching water quality to water use recognizing the different needs, natural background conditions, hydrologic limitations, and economics ensures that limited public resources can be focused on the most significant problems. It is expected that this Strategy would be implemented in cooperation with the Regional Board as part of the Basin Plan Triennial Review Process and/or TMDL development process A

21 Example benefits of this strategy include providing cost saving opportunities by reducing treated water costs if users can be supplied with raw water. This strategy also helps identify potential recycled water customers that can reduce demands for potable water supplies. Projects that may benefit from matching water quality to water use include Vail Lake Stabilization and Conjunctive Use, Recycled/Raw Water Project Phase 1 and 2, Murrieta Creek Phase 2, Groundwater Recharge Improvements and New Wells, Implementation of the Anza Master Drainage Plan, Implementation of the Murrieta Creek Master Drainage Plan, Implementation of Wildomar Master Drainage Plan, Capital Improvement Projects, Retrofit Public Property with Water Quality Measures, Funding for NPDES related Public Education, Enhance Master Drainage Plan, TMDL Implementation, Agricultural Land Stewardship, and Santa Margarita River Watershed Council. Strategy WQ-1b Water and Wastewater Treatment, Drinking Water Treatment and Distribution Strategies Water and wastewater treatment improves water quality for drinking water purposes and effluent management. The region treats imported water, groundwater, and local surface supplies for delivery to customers. Increasing regulations for drinking water standards could require upgrades in treatment technologies. Wastewater treatment also faces similar challenges. Treated effluent must meet TDS standards to be discharged into the watershed. Regional opportunities for water and wastewater treatment include Recycled/Raw Water Project Phase 1 and 2. Objective WQ-2 Develop and implement projects that control point source contaminants Strategy WQ-2 Water Quality Protection and Improvement Strategy Water quality protection and improvement are very important in the region. The Basin Plan identifies water quality objectives necessary to protect the region s Beneficial Uses. Based on these water quality objectives, several Beneficial Uses may be impaired. Challenges to improving water quality include managing agricultural runoff, increasing urban development, and high TDS levels in imported water. Protecting groundwater quality is focused on preventing the build up of TDS in groundwater. Project in the region aimed at improving and protecting water quality include Sustainable Agriculture, Historic Downtown Murrieta Wastewater Construction Project, Santa Margarita Watershed Restoration, Murrieta Creek Flood Control, Environmental Restoration, and Recreation Project, including Murrieta Creek Phase 2, Water Supply/Infrastructure, Groundwater Recharge Improvements and New Wells, Murrieta-Temecula Groundwater Recharge Feasibility Study, Stream Restoration for Steelhead Trout, Agricultural Lands Stewardship, Santa Margarita Watershed Council, Public Education and Outreach, Santa Margarita Watershed Habitat Preservation, and Anza Groundwater Study. A 4-21

22 Objective WQ-3 Reduce runoff through projects that implement best management practices Strategy WQ -3a Non-point Source Pollution Control Strategy The non-point source pollution control strategy would protect water quality by reducing the effects of pollutants not attributable to a single source. Nonpoint sources are widespread throughout the watershed and exact pollutant sources can be difficult to identify. Projects in the region that address non-point source pollution control include Sustainable Agriculture, Murrieta Creek Flood Control, Environmental Restoration, and Recreation Project, including Murrieta Creek Phase 2, Agricultural Land Stewardship, TMDL Implementation, and Public Education and Outreach. Strategy WQ-3b Storm Water Capture and Management, Urban Runoff Management Strategies Storm water capture and management focuses on the capture of stormwater flows during wet events. Stormwater capture can be used to supplement local water supplies and reduce needs for imported water. Stormwater management is necessary because of the potential for pollutant loads and sediments that can degrade water quality or the environment. Projects to capture and manage storm water include Murrieta Creek Flood Control, Environmental Restoration, and Recreation Project, including Murrieta Creek Phase 2, Santa Margarita Habitat Restoration, Murrieta Temecula Groundwater Recharge Feasibility Study, Implementation of the Anza Master Drainage Plan, Implementation of the Murrieta Creek Master Drainage Plan, Implementation of Wildomar Master Drainage Plan, Capital Improvement Projects, Retrofit Public Property with Water Quality Measures, Funding for NPDES related Public Education, Enhance Master Drainage Plan, TMDL Implementation, Stream Restoration for Steelhead Trout, Agricultural Land Stewardship, Santa Margarita River Watershed Council, Public Education and Outreach, and Santa Margarita Watershed Habitat Preservation. Objective WQ-4 Minimize hydromodification of the watershed as development increases Strategy WQ-4 Hydromodification Strategy Hydromodifications occurs when development increases the effective impervious area of a watershed. The increased effective impervious area increases storm volumes, durations, and velocities under certain conditions. These changes can result in degredation of streams and beneficial uses. Managing hydromodification through the use of low impact development, conservation of existing floodplains, and stream stabilization techniques can mitigate the negative impacts of development. Projects in the region that address hydromodification include Implementation of the Murrieta Creek Flood Control, Environmental Restoration and Recreation Project, including Murrieta Creek Phase 2, Anza Master Drainage Plan, Implementation of the Murrieta Creek Master Drainage Plan, Implementation of the Wildomar Master Drainage Plan, Capital Improvement Projects, Retrofit Public Property with Water Quality Measures, Funding for NPDES related Public Education, Enhance Master Drainage Plan, and TMDL Implementation A

23 Objective WQ-5 Reduce water quality impacts of septic tanks Strategy WQ-5 Septic Tank Mitigation Strategy Water quality protection and improvement are very important in the region. The Basin Plan identifies water quality objectives necessary to protect the region s Beneficial Uses. Based on these water quality objectives, several Beneficial Uses may be impaired. Failing septic systems may be contributing to both surface and groundwater impairment by introducing high levels of nutrients, pathogens and TDS. Proposed regulations under AB885 will increase local oversight and regulation of septic systems. This strategy would focus on assisting with implementing AB885 requirements and identifying other projects that can mitigate the impacts of failed septic systems. Projects in the region that may reduce the impacts of failed septic systems include Sustainable Agriculture, Historic Downtown Murrieta Wastewater Construction Project, Santa Margarita Watershed Restoration, Water Supply/Infrastructure, Groundwater Recharge Improvements and New Wells, Murrieta-Temecula Groundwater Recharge Feasibility Study, Stream Restoration for Steelhead Trout, Agricultural Lands Stewardship, Santa Margarita Watershed Council, Public Education and Outreach, Santa Margarita Watershed Habitat Preservation, and Anza Groundwater Study. Objective WQ-6 Reduce salt loading with a goal of salt balance in the watershed and groundwater basin Strategy WQ-6 Water Quality Protection and Improvement Strategy Water quality protection and improvement are very important in the region. The Basin Plan identifies water quality objectives for the region s impaired waters and TMDLs. Challenges to improving water quality include managing agricultural runoff, increased urban development and storm water runoff, and high TDS levels in imported water. Protecting groundwater quality is focused on preventing the build up of TDS in groundwater. Project in the region aimed at improving and protecting water quality include Sustainable Agriculture, Historic Downtown Murrieta Wastewater Construction Project, Santa Margarita Watershed Restoration, Murrieta Creek Phase 2, Water Supply/Infrastructure, Groundwater Recharge Improvements and New Wells, Murrieta-Temecula Groundwater Recharge Feasibility Study, Stream Restoration for Steelhead Trout, Agricultural Lands Stewardship, Santa Margarita Watershed Council, Public Education and Outreach, Santa Margarita Watershed Habitat Preservation, and Anza Groundwater Study. Objective WQ-7 Promote development of tools and methods to effectively monitor and assess key stream systems, including monitoring the health of aquatic organisms Strategy WQ- 7 Water Quality Monitoring Strategy The water quality monitoring strategy would protect water quality by monitoring the health of aquatic organisms and conducting water quality assessment and monitoring of key stream systems such as Murrieta Creek, Temecula Creek, and the Santa Margarita River mainstem. Water quality monitoring would include measurements of dissolved oxygen, temperature, flow, ph, turbidity, macroinvertebrates, instream and A 4-23

24 riparian features, such as significant streambank erosion, pool/riffle quality, bank modification or protection, fish passage impediments, adjacent land uses, vegetation structure, canopy cover, instream cover, characterize substrate at pool tail-outs, and invasive non-native plant and aquatic animal species. Projects in the region that address water quality monitoring include Vail Lake Stabilization and Conjunctive Use, Santa Margarita Watershed Restoration, Murrieta Creek Flood Control, Environmental Restoration and Recreation Project, including Murrieta Creek Phase 2, Water Supply/Infrastructure, Murrieta-Temecula Groundwater Recharge Feasibility Study, Stream Restoration for Steelhead Trout, Agricultural Lands Stewardship, Public Education and Outreach, and Santa Margarita Watershed Habitat Preservation Strategies that Restore, Enhance and Maintain Habitats and Open Space (HAB) The region is rich in biological resources, including riparian corridors, wetlands, mountains, and desert that support rare vegetation communities and critical habitat for sensitive species. Applicable water management strategies include ecosystem restoration, environmental habitat improvement and protection, wetlands enhancement and creation, and recharge area protection Habitat and Open Space Targets Add approximately 70,000 acres of permanent habitat reserve lands to support Riverside County s MSHCP Remove approximately three acres of invasive species per year for a total of nine acres Develop reliable, cost effective water supply projects for agriculture in order to maintain open space and increase wildlife corridors Native planting, monitoring and maintenance, inventory and mapping included in the nine acres of invasive removal 4-24 A

25 Objective HAB-1a Increase activities that enhance aquatic and terrestrial habitats, and protect endangered, threatened and key species Objective HAB-1b Reduce invasive species and enhance native biological diversity Strategy HAB-1a and b Ecosystem Restoration Strategy Ecosystem restoration aims to return a selected ecosystem to a similar condition before any disturbance occurred. Restoring ecosystems has many benefits, including increased storm water capture and storage, groundwater recharge, flood control and protection, water supply reliability, wildlife habitat creation, and recreation. Some ecosystems within the region remain undisturbed; however, much of the low-lying areas are urbanized and highly disturbed. The introduction and establishment of nonnative, invasive plants in important riparian areas have resulted in a reduction of groundwater availability, higher soil salinity, increased fire frequency, displacement of native vegetation, and reduction of wildlife diversity. One such invasive plant, known as tamarisk or salt cedar, uses far more water than native riparian plants and lowers the groundwater table because of its high evapotranspiration rate. Opportunities for ecosystem restoration in the region include Santa Margarita Watershed Restoration, Water Supply/Infrastructure, Stream Restoration for Steelhead Trout., Santa Margarita Watershed Habitat Preservation, Agricultural Lands Stewardship, and Public Education and Outreach. Santa Margarita Watershed Restoration This project would entail environmental restoration of nine acres of riparian habitat in the Watershed. Restoration would include non-native species eradication, native replanting/reseeding, maintenance and monitoring. Habitat assessment and mapping of riparian areas would provide baseline information of habitat quality and enable prioritization of restoration efforts and criteria by which to measure success. This project is a cooperative effort between the Elsinore Murrieta Anza Resource Conservation District, the Santa Margarita Ecological Reserve, the Riverside County Regional Park and Open Space District s Southwestern Riverside County Multi- Species Reserve, and the Western Riverside County Regional Conservation Authority, all of which have knowledge and experience to implement and maintain successful restoration efforts. A 4-25

26 Stream Restoration for Steelhead Trout The Stream Restoration for Steelhead Trout project is an evaluation of the Santa Margarita Watershed drainages for recovery of the federallyendangered Southern California Steelhead Trout. Steelhead are considered an indicator species of watershed health because they require clean water, adequate flow, abundant food, and a well-functioning riparian zone to thrive. Restoration of ecosystem structure and function for Steelhead would have multiple benefits, including benefits to other native species, improved water quality, flood control, and recreation. Included in this project are assessments of water quality, hydrology, sedimentation, and habitat to develop and prioritize manageable and financially feasible restoration projects to enable recovery of Steelhead in the Watershed. Objective HAB-2 Support efforts to acquire manage and preserve open space for habitat and groundwater recharge areas Strategy HAB-2 Recharge Areas Protection Strategy Protection of recharge areas focuses on lands that are important sources for groundwater recharge. Natural recharge areas include stream beds and open spaces that allow water to permeate into the ground. These recharge areas can be protected through land use planning, land conservation and habitat protection programs. Recharge areas can include ponds or basins to artificially recharge groundwater, and these areas can also provide important bird or wildlife habitat. Recharge areas should be protected for water supply, water quality, and environmental purposes. Projects include Vail Lake Stabilization and Conjunctive Use, Groundwater Recharge Improvements and New Wells, and Public Education and Outreach. Objective HAB-3 Strategy HAB-3 Support projects to interconnect wildlife corridors Environmental and Habitat Improvement and Protection Strategy The upper watershed is rapidly growing in population and urban development, which has degraded the region s environmental habitat. Urbanization and development have resulted in the loss of open space, habitat fragmentation, and hydrologic alternations. Continued growth poses future challenges to maintaining environmental habitat and open space in the Watershed. Multiple opportunities exist to improve and protect the environment, including Vail Lake Stabilization and Conjunctive Use, Santa Margarita Watershed Restoration, Murrieta Creek Flood Control, Environmental Restoration and Recreation Project, including Murrieta Creek Phase 2, Water Supply/Infrastructure, Murrieta-Temecula Groundwater Recharge 4-26 A

27 Feasibility Study, Stream Restoration for Steelhead Trout, Agricultural Lands Stewardship, Public Education and Outreach, and Santa Margarita Watershed Habitat Preservation. Santa Margarita Watershed Habitat Preservation The goal of this project is to acquire approximately 1,000 acres of land over the next five years in order to conserve lands serving as wildlife habitats and corridors within the watershed. This project helps meet the planning target of adding approximately 70,000 acres of permanent habitat reserve lands in the watershed, in support of the Western Riverside County Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan (MSHCP). Through a cooperative effort between the Elsinore Murrieta Anza Resource Conservation District, the Riverside Land Conservancy, the Santa Margarita Ecological Reserve, and the Regional Conservation Authority, this project would target areas to address additional issues such as creation and protection of open space lands that support appropriate recreation. Target areas for acquisition include: Lands adjacent to the Santa Margarita Ecological Reserve to preserve the critical wildlife corridor known as the Santa Ana Palomar linkage; Lands along the Temecula Escarpment to protect hillsides from erosion and instability; Vacant and open space areas of coastal sage scrub and chaparral habitat east of Vail Lake along Wilson Creek; and Lands adjacent to the Southwestern Riverside County Multi-Species Reserve to support creation and preservation of Core J of the MSHCP. Objective HAB-4 Increase restoration of degraded aquatic habitats Strategy HAB-4 Wetlands Enhancement and Creation Strategy The region encompasses the Santa Ana Mountains, Agua Tibia Mountains, Riverside Lowlands, San Jacinto Foothills, San Jacinto Mountains, and Desert Transition Bioregions. Although much of the region does not support development of wetlands, opportunities for restoring and enhancing wetlands are available. Projects that address the region s wetlands include Santa Margarita Watershed Restoration, Murrieta Creek Phase 2, Water Supply/Infrastructure, Stream Restoration for Steelhead Trout, Agricultural Lands Stewardship, and Santa Margarita Watershed Habitat Preservation. Murrieta Creek Flood Control, Environmental Restoration and Recreation Project A partnership between the RCFC, the USACE, and the Cities of Murrieta and Temecula, this project entails structural alterations along seven miles of Murrieta Creek from Temecula to Murrieta and the creation of a 270-acre detention basin for flood control. A new 50-acre public park will include playfields, pedestrian, bicycle, and equestrian trails and other recreational uses. Three bridges will be constructed across Santa Gertrudis Creek and Murrieta Creek. Environmental restoration will A 4-27

28 encompass 163 acres of transitional wetland habitat from freshwater marsh to willow riparian woodland with an upland buffer of mulefat and coastal sage scrub. Wetland creation within Murrieta Creek will include low-flow channels with natural backwaters and a 14-acre sediment catchment area at the confluence of Murrieta and Warm Springs Creek Strategies that Promote Sustainable Floodplain Management (FLP) The Upper Santa Margarita Watershed region is subject to flash flood events resulting in public and private property damage. The following sections describe applicable water management strategies to address flood plain management for the region. Sustainable Floodplain Management Targets Complete Murrieta Creek Flood Control, Habitat Restoration and Recreation Project Phase I and II: Flood Control and Riparian Habitat Corridor on Murrieta Creek Plan and construct flood management projects to protect public health and safety, as identified in the Riverside County Flood Control District Master Drainage Plans Plan and construct multi-use flood management projects that incorporate combinations of open space, parks, flood control, groundwater recharge, and habitat protection, with specific goal of increased implementation of these types of projects. Phase III: Environmental Restoration and Recreation 4-28 A

29 Objective FLP-1a Promote regional, interconnected programs for flood plain management that incorporate environmental, economic and flood management impacts Objective FLP-1b Reduce impacts on community from flooding Strategy FLP-1 Flood Management and Floodplain Management Strategies Flood management focuses on protecting the region s people, property and infrastructure from floods. The RCFC, Cities of Murrieta and Temecula, and County of Riverside are jointly responsible for flood protection. Flood management measures may include preservation of existing natural floodplains, removing existing structures from areas subject to flooding and/or implementing flood control measures such as channelization, detention and debris control. In many cases a combination of measures must be considered and implemented in order to balance protection of people and property with environmental goals. This strategy supports the identification, study and mapping of floodplains and floodways, incorporation of floodplain management into planning processes through modification of general plans, master drainage plans or ordinances, and controlled encroachment into existing floodplains. The strategy also supports integration of floodplain management with habitat conservation, parks, open space and other compatible uses. Projects in the region that address flood management include implementation of the Murrieta Creek Flood Control, Environmental Restoration and Recreation Project, including Murrieta Creek Phase 2, Anza Master Drainage Plan, Implementation of the Murrieta Creek Master Drainage Plan, Implementation of the Wildomar Master Drainage Plan, Capital Improvement Projects, Retrofit Public Property with Water Quality Measures, Funding for NPDES related Public Education, Enhance Master Drainage Plan, and TMDL Implementation Strategies that Promote Appropriate Recreational Opportunities (REC) Recreation Planning Targets Support increasing the current ratio of parklands/recreational open space of five acres per 1,000 residents to eight to ten acres Implement recreational projects for Lake Skinner and Diamond Valley Reservoir, as identified by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California Objective REC-1 Seek recreational opportunities and access to waterways for recreational activities that do not adversely impact other beneficial uses of water A 4-29

30 Strategy REC-1 Recreation and Public Access, Water Dependent Recreation Strategy The recreation and public access strategy considers opportunities for open spaces, trails, parks, and other recreational opportunities. Water related recreation includes opportunities to access or be alongside lakes, river corridors, or wetlands. Interpretive signs and educational facilities can also enhance recreation experiences. Improving recreation contributes to watershed stewardship in the region. Projects that may improve recreation include Vail Lake Stabilization and Conjunctive Use, Santa Margarita Watershed Restoration, Murrieta Creek Flood Control, Environmental Restoration and Recreation Project, including Murrieta Creek Phase 2, Water Supply/Infrastructure, Implementation of the Anza Master Drainage Plan, Implementation of the Murrieta Creek Master Drainage Plan, Implementation of the Wildomar Master Drainage Plan, Capital Improvement Projects, Retrofit Public Property with Water Quality Measures, Funding for NPDES related Public Education, Enhance Master Drainage Plan, TMDL Implementation, Stream Restoration for Steelhead Trout, Public Education and Outreach, and Santa Margarita Watershed Habitat Preservation Strategies that Promote Appropriate Land Use Planning (LU) Applicable water management strategies to address land use objectives include recreation and public access, land use planning, watershed planning, flood plain management, and agricultural land stewardship Land Use Planning Targets Support increased residential densities by: Establishing minimum densities in residential zones Requiring cities that all new tracts of 20 homes or more have one-fourth of the parcels be 14 percent smaller than existing code minimum Support mixed use development by providing incentives and density bonuses, and modifying zoning codes Ensure general plans provide for adequate job-related land uses 4-30 A

31 Evaluate and implement appropriate hydromodification and low impact development mitigation measures Support the development of appropriate targets for new development within the flood plain Objective LU-1a Objective LU-1B Objective LU-1C Strategy LU-1 Identify and protect groundwater recharge areas from development and potential introduction of contaminants Review land use at a regional level to reduce impacts on water resources and natural environment Support the location of new development outside of flood prone areas and preserve flood plain as open space Land Use Planning, Urban Land Use Planning Strategies Land use planning addresses the uses of land for agricultural, environmental, urban, or open space purposes, most of which are the focus of other strategies. Cities and counties set policies in General Plans, zoning ordinances, or other planning documents that identify current and future land uses within their boundaries. Water resource related projects can be included in general plan elements for conservation, open space, and safety. To support integrated watershed management water resource projects should be coordinated with these documents to the maximum extent practicable. Regional projects that address land use planning include Murrieta Creek Flood Control, Environmental Restoration and Recreation Project, including Murrieta Creek Phase 2, Water Supply/Infrastructure, Implementation of the Anza Master Drainage Plan, Implementation of the Murrieta Creek Master Drainage Plan, Implementation of the Wildomar Master Drainage Plan, Capital Improvement Projects, Retrofit Public Property with Water Quality Measures, Funding for NPDES related Public Education, Enhance Master Drainage Plan, and TMDL Implementation, Santa Margarita River Watershed Council, Public Education and Outreach, and Anza Groundwater Study Strategies that Increase Stakeholder Involvement and Stewardship (SS) Stakeholder Involvement and Stewardship Targets Currently there are 30 different stakeholder organizations involved in the IRWMP process, the goal is to increase stakeholder involvement by adding at least: Local tribal lands CALTRANS Wineries, avocado and citrus growers Building developers Disadvantaged community representatives A 4-31

32 Promote targeted education and training to support watershed goals Support the future development of a Santa Margarita Watershed Council Objective SS-1a Objective SS-1b Strategy SS-1 Increase diversity of actively participating stakeholders in the watershed and develop partnerships with tribal governments Enhance public outreach, awareness and education to promote stewardship of water resources programs Agricultural Lands Stewardship Strategy The agricultural land stewardship strategy protects and promotes agricultural production in the region. Agriculture is a significant contributor to the regional economy and supports a rural quality of life. Crops grown in the county are typically high value, including avocados, grapes, and citrus. Grapes production supports a growing wine industry that attracts visitors from other regions. Projects that promote agricultural land stewardship include Sustainable Agriculture, Agricultural Lands Stewardship, and Public Education and Outreach Strategies that Maximize Implementation of Water Resources Projects (IMP) Implementation of Water Resources Projects Planning Targets Seek multiple sources of funding, such as regional, state and federal Regional projects will be prioritized higher when they are well integrated and meet three or more of the State s water management strategies Provide adequate local match funding Seek projects that provide win-win solutions and minimize conflict 4-32 A

33 Objective IMP-1a Identify and support projects with long-term regional benefits Objective IMP-1b Prioritize projects that have the greatest likelihood of rapid, successful implementation Objective IMP-1c Seek outside funding from federal, state, and regional grants, loans, and other programs Strategy IMP-1 Economic Incentives Strategy Economic incentives, in the form of loans, grants, or water pricing support, are important for successful implementation of projects to meet the region s objectives. Lack of adequate funds can often prevent a project from moving forward. Economic incentives are currently offered in the region. For example, MWD offers reduced water rates for member agencies who work to develop local supplies, reduce treated water imports, or improve water conservation. Incentives can result in lower operation costs or lower local costs of implementing a project. The region will continue to seek incentives from the State or MWD and offer incentives to its customers with emphasis on low income and disadvantaged communities. 4.3 Highly Integrated Regional Projects Individual projects meet multiple planning objectives and are integrated with multiple water management strategies. Table 4-2 (Project matrix) identifies projects included in this IRWMP and how they incorporate the water management strategies. The projects that incorporate several water management strategies also help to meet multiple planning objectives. The upper watershed agencies defined a highly integrated project as one that provides regional benefits and addresses three or more water management strategies. Implementing the IRWMP projects would provide direct benefits to the region related to water supply, environmental improvements, water quality improvements, land use protection. Many of the projects also result in indirect, secondary benefits that are not the intended purpose of the project. Table 4-2 identifies both primary and indirect benefits of the IRWMP projects. Table 4-2 also identifies the highly integrated priority projects that are eligible for Proposition 50, Chapter 8, Round 2 funding and the number of water management strategies they address as well as the primary water management strategy, primary benefits, and secondary benefits addressed. Figure 4-1 illustrates the locations of the priority projects within the watershed. Priority projects have been assigned a project letter corresponding to the project letters identified in Figure 4-1. Project A is located in the area west of Interstate 15 and in the eastern agricultural areas. On Figure ES-4 the Vail Lake area was chosen as the most representative area as pipelines are proposed to be constructed to convey raw water from Vail Lake to eastern agricultural areas. Project B is located in the vicinity of Murrieta Creek. Project C is located at Vail Lake. Project D in not illustrated on Figure ES-4 as it is spread throughout the upper watershed. Project E is illustrated in both the eastern and western agricultural areas. Project F is proposed for historic downtown Murrieta. A 4-33

34 Recognizing the need for prioritization for the projects identified for Proposition 50, Chapter 8, Round 2, the Regional Water Management Group and Stakeholder Advisory Committee applied the following criteria to these projects (shown in Table 4-2): Number of water management strategies addressed (greater the number, greater the priority) Project readiness, in terms of what stage the project is in (projects having CEQA/NEPA and design or preliminary design are greater in priority than those in planning phases) Funding secured (projects with matching local and/or federal funding secured are greater in priority than those without such secured funding) Based on these criteria the projects shown in the first half of Table 4-2 were prioritized as follows: 1. Recycled/Raw Water Project, Phase 1 (Project A) 2. Murrieta Creek Phase II (Project B) 3. Vail Lake Stabilization and Conjunctive Use (Project C) 4. Santa Margarita Watershed Environmental Restoration (Project D) 5. Sustainable Agriculture (Project E) 6. Historic Downtown Murrieta Wastewater Construction Project (Project F) The upper watershed agencies have also identified integrated projects under Proposition 84 requirements as illustrated in Table 4-2. These projects include both planning and implementation projects to further meet the region s objectives. 4.4 Benefits and Impacts within the Region Implementation of integrated projects will lead to multiple benefits for the region, including: Increased water supply reliability. Implementation of IRWMP projects would increase local water supplies in the region and improve water supply reliability during dry years. Water conservation projects could reduce demands and leave water available for dry years. Groundwater and surface storage projects could also hold additional water during wet years for later use in dry years. Recycled water projects could offset potable water demands, leaving more water available for potable demands. Lastly, water quality projects protect water supplies to improve the use and treatability of water supplies A

35 Improved water quality. IRWMP projects could reduce and control nutrient levels to improve water quality for environmental and fish and wildlife uses and help meet TMDLs. IRWMP project could also address emerging water quality issues related to urbanization, including increased total dissolved solids, metals, nutrients, bacteria, and trash. Projects could reduce agricultural runoff, increase storm water capture, decrease effluent discharges, or reduce point and non-point source pollution. Improved environmental habitat. Improving environmental habitat improved the overall health of the watershed, protects fish and wildlife, and increases the aesthetic value of the area for visitors. IRWMP projects would restore native vegetation along the Santa Margarita River, purchase land to conserve and improve natural habitats, and educate the public about the importance and preservation of native habitats. Fish and wildlife enhancement. IRWMP projects enhance fish and wildlife by improving water quality, restoring habitat and wildlife corridors, conserving open space and removing invasive species. Enhancing fish and wildlife improves the health of the watershed and the aesthetic value of the region. Improved flood control. IRWMP projects could improve flood control through drainage plans, capital improvements projects, and river restoration efforts. Improving flood control protects the regions infrastructure and enhances public safety. Protection of beneficial land uses. IRWMP projects protect agricultural, environmental, and open space land uses, while improving services to urban areas. Agriculture is an important part of the region s quality of life and economy. IRWMP projects protect agricultural lands by providing reliable, low-cost water to farmers. IRWMP projects also protect and maintain environmental lands in the region, which offer recreational opportunities and habitat to fish and wildlife. Historically, the region had spans of open space. Recent population growth has resulted in expansive urban development for housing, business, and industrial uses. IRWMP projects would protect remaining open spaces to maintain the historic nature of the area and rural quality of life. Economic sustainability. IRMWP projects would provide economic sustainability in several ways. Projects that improve water supply reliability would support urban growth in the region and avoid potential economic losses during a drought. Projects would also maintain the agricultural economy by protecting agricultural lands, improving conservation, and providing farmers a lower cost water supply. Environmental projects would increase the aesthetic value of the area and potentially attract new residents or tourists. Construction of facilities would also provide temporary employment and increased spending in the region. Public education. IRMWP projects include a public education element for water uses and conservation, habitat restoration, and pollution prevention. A 4-35

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37 Table 4-2 IRWMP Project Matrix Lead Agency Project Description Planning Objective(s) met Number of Water and Resource Management Strategies Addressed Primary Water Management Strategy Addressed Primary Benefits Secondary Benefits Proposition 50 Priority Projects RCWD Recycled/Raw Water Project Phase 1 (Project A) Converts western agricultural users from treated imported supplies to recycled water supplies through construction of 10,000 AFY MF/RO facility. Converts eastern agricultural users to raw water by constructing pipelines from Vail Lake to eastern agricultural users. This project also installs solar photo voltaic panels at RCWD s Santa Rosa Water Reclamation Facility for an expected generation of 1.8 to 2.0 million kwh annually. As such, this project reduces energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. Develop a More Reliable and Diverse Portfolio of Water Supplies, Promote Economic, Social, and Environmental Sustainability 8 Water Supply Reliability Reduces treated imported water demands, increases water supply reliability Maintains agricultural economy, protects farmworker jobs, decreases agricultural water costs, reduces greenhouse gases RCFC Murrieta Creek Phase II (Project B) Continue construction of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Murrieta Creek Flood Control, Environmental Restoration, and Recreation Project (Project) located in southwest Riverside County Manage Flood Plain Impacts, Promote Appropriate Recreational Opportunities, and Restore, Enhance, and Maintain Habitats and Open Space 11 Flood Management and Environmental Restoration Provides flood protection and environmental restoration, Increases recreation opportunities Increases regional collaboration, maintains open space RCWD Vail Lake Stabilization and Conjunctive Use (Project C) Construct pipeline infrastructure for delivery of raw imported water to Vail Lake for seasonal and conjunctive use storage and for groundwater recharge. Store water in wetter years and winter months for later use during dry years and summer months. Develop a More Reliable and Diverse Portfolio of Water Supplies, Promote Appropriate Recreational Opportunities, and Maintain Habitats and Open Space 8 Conjunctive Use Increases water supply during dry years, increases groundwater levels Increases recreation opportunities, enhances habitat Regional Conservation Authority Santa Margarita Watershed Environmental Restoration (Project D) Environmental restoration of 9 acres of riparian habitat in the Watershed, to include non-native species eradication, native replanting/reseeding, maintenance and monitoring, habitat assessment and mapping. Project is a cooperative effort of Elsinore Murrieta Anza Resource Conservation District, Santa Margarita Ecological Reserve, Riverside County Regional Park and Open Space District, and the Regional Conservation Authority Restore, Enhance, and Maintain Habitats and Open Space. Improve Water Quality/Attain Water Quality Standards, Increase Stakeholder Involvement and Stewardship, Promote Appropriate Recreational Opportunities 8 Environmental Habitat Protection and Improvement Improves ecosystem Improves water quality, increases recreation opportunities, protects open space, increases regional collaboration RCWD Sustainable Agriculture (Project E) Explores new technologies and integrated water management practices to improve water use efficiency in avocado groves. Includes sustainable management practice workbook, technology development center, infrastructure development, and more support measures. Promote Economic, Social, and Environmental Sustainability, Increase Stakeholder Involvement and Stewardship 4 Water Conservation Improves agricultural water use efficiency Maintains agriculture, protects farmworker jobs, decreases irrigation costs WMWD Historic Downtown Murrieta Wastewater Construction Project (Project F) The project includes installation of new sewer conveyance facilities in the Historic Downtown Murrieta Community, manholes at appropriate locations, utility conflict resolution, and pavement repair. Improve Water Quality/Attain Water Quality Standards 3 Water Quality Protection and Improvement Improves water quality Improves land values A 4-37

38 Table 4-2 (continued) IRWMP Project Matrix Lead Agency Project Description Planning Objective(s) met Number of Water and Resource Management Strategies Addressed Primary Water Management Strategy Addressed Primary Benefits Secondary Benefits Planning and/or Proposition 84 Projects Bureau of Reclamation Water Supply/Infrastructure Santa Margarita Watershed Water Supply Augmentation, Water Quality Projection, and Environmental Enhancement. This is a stakeholdercoordinated effort that includes a watershed-wide monitoring program Develop a More Reliable and Diverse Portfolio of Water Supplies. Restore, Enhance, and Maintain Habitats and Open Space. Improve Water Quality/Attain Water Quality Standards, Increase Stakeholder Involvement and Stewardship 15 Water Quality and Matching Water Quality to Use Improves water quality and environment Recreation RCWD Recycled/Raw Water Project Phase 2 Expands RO facility to serve 18,000 AFY for Agricultural uses in the western service area Develop a More Reliable and Diverse Portfolio of Water Supplies, Promote Economic, Social, and Environmental Sustainability 8 Water Supply Reliability Reduces treated imported water demands, increases water supply reliability Maintains agricultural economy, protects farm worker jobs RCWD RCFC RCFC RCFC Groundwater Recharge Improvements and New Wells Murrieta Creek Phase III and IV Implementation of Anza Master Drainage Plan Implementation of Murrieta Creek Master Drainage Plan Improves recharge basins to allow more imported water recharge and natural recharge, also constructs 18 new groundwater wells for enhanced production. Continue construction of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Murrieta Creek Flood Control, Environmental Restoration, and Recreation Project (Project) located in southwest Riverside County This project proposes to construct un-built MDP facilities and identify opportunities to enhance existing flood control facilities in the Anza Master Drainage Plan. In addition identify opportunities to enhance the flood control facilities with water quality measures This project proposes to construct un-built MDP facilities and identify opportunities to enhance existing flood control facilities in the Murrieta Creek Master Drainage Plan. In addition identify opportunities to enhance the flood control facilities with water quality measures Develop a More Reliable and Diverse Portfolio of Water Supplies Manage Flood Plain Impacts, Promote Appropriate Recreational Opportunities, and Restore, Enhance, and Maintain Habitats and Open Space Manage Flood Plain Impacts 8 Manage Flood Plain Impacts Groundwater Management Flood Management and Environmental Restoration Urban Runoff Management and Flood Management Urban Runoff Management and Flood Management Improves groundwater management and water supply reliability Provides flood protection and environmental restoration, Increases recreation opportunities Improves flood management Improves flood management Increased groundwater levels Increases regional collaboration, maintains open space Protects region s economy and public safety, improves water quality, increase groundwater recharge, provide recreation opportunities, provide environmental habitat Protects region s economy and public safety, improves water quality, increase groundwater recharge, provide recreation opportunities, provide environmental habitat 4-38 A

39 Table 4-2 (continued) IRWMP Project Matrix Lead Agency Project Description Planning Objective(s) met RCFC RCFC RCFC RCFC Implementation of Wildomar Master Drainage Plan Capital Improvement Projects Retrofit public property with water quality measures Funding for NPDES related public education This project proposes to construct un-built MDP facilities and identify opportunities to enhance existing flood control facilities in the Wildomar Master Drainage Plan. In addition identify opportunities to enhance the flood control facilities with water quality measures Funds for this project would pay for the planning, design, and/or implementation of flood control capital improvement projects. In addition, other projects may be identified that provide a water quality benefit, especially in disadvantaged areas in Riverside County This project proposes an evaluation of public properties including roads, parks, and other areas for their potential for water quality management measures (such as LID, BMPs, and other water quality / conservation / management measures). This project also proposes funds to implement identified projects. Public Education is a necessary component of an effective NPDES program. It targets the anthropogenic source of pollutants from urban sources. This plan proposes to help fund public education activities, especially those that are directed toward addressing the (TMDL) impairments in the watershed Manage Flood Plain Impacts, Improve Water Quality/Attain Water Quality Standards Number of Water and Resource Management Strategies Addressed Manage Flood Plain Impacts 8 Manage Flood Plain Impacts, Improve Water Quality/Attain Water Quality Standards Manage Flood Plain Impacts Primary Water Management Strategy Addressed Urban Runoff Management and Flood Management Urban Runoff Management and Flood Management Water Quality Protection and Improvement Water Quality Protection and Improvement Primary Benefits Improves flood management Improves flood management Improve water quality Increases water conservation and water quality awareness Secondary Benefits Protects region s economy and public safety, improves water quality, increase groundwater recharge, provide recreation opportunities, provide environmental habitat Protects region s economy and public safety, protects disadvantaged communities Increases groundwater recharge Improves watershed planning, environment, and education RCFC Plan to enhance Master Drainage Plans (MDPs) to incorporate water quality and water conservation aspects as well as construct those facilities. This project proposes updates to the District's MDP's to reflect current environmental constraints. An update will result in plans that make environmental benefits a priority, identify retrofit opportunities, and utilize regional opportunities for environmental mitigation (for TMDL's, MS4 permit compliance, etc.) Manage Flood Plain Impacts, Improve Water Quality/Attain Water Quality Standards 8 Urban Runoff Management and Flood Management Improve water quality Improves environment RCFC TMDL Implementation - mitigating impairments in the watershed This project is a plan to identify opportunities construct projects designed specifically to address TMDL and 303(d) pollutants affecting Riverside County Improve Water Quality/Attain Water Quality Standards 8 Water Quality Protection and Improvement Improves water quality Improves environmental habitat and beneficial uses WMWD Trout Unlimited Murrieta - Temecula Groundwater Recharge Feasibility Study Stream Restoration for Steelhead Trout Study to investigate recharge potential for Murrieta- Temecula basin, includes geotechnical, geological, hydrologic, water quality investigations, aquifer characterization, land use availability, and evaluation of facilities and capacities Evaluation and Restoration of the Santa Margarita Watershed drainages for Steelhead Recovery projects. Develop a More Reliable and Diverse Portfolio of Water Supplies, Improve Water Quality/Attain Water Quality Standards Improve Water Quality/Attain Water Quality Standards 7 9 Groundwater Management Environmental Habitat Protection and Improvement Improves groundwater management and water supply reliability Improves fishery and environmental habitat Improves habitat through recharge areas Increase recreation opportunities A 4-39

40 Table 4-2 (continued) IRWMP Project Matrix Lead Agency Project Description Planning Objective(s) met Number of Water and Resource Management Strategies Addressed Primary Water Management Strategy Addressed Primary Benefits Secondary Benefits EMARCD EMARCD EMARCD Regional Conservation Authority County of Riverside/USGS Agricultural Lands Stewardship Santa Margarita River Watershed Council Public Education and Outreach Santa Margarita Watershed Habitat Preservation Anza Groundwater Study Working with ag land-owners, including citrus farmers and wineries on water conservation and other sustainable techniques. Partner with RCA. Creation of Watershed Council with one paid staff, local stakeholder members, and an advisory group of local agencies. Education and outreach on watershed issues to community members, including youth groups and disadvantaged communities in watershed. Acquisition and ecological restoration of lands in the Watershed Installation of groundwater wells to study groundwater aquifers for potential sustainable residential development in Anza. Develop a More Reliable and Diverse Portfolio of Water Supplies Increase Stakeholder Involvement and Stewardship Increase Stakeholder Involvement and Stewardship Promote Economic, Social, and Environmental Sustainability. Improve Water Quality/Attain Water Quality Standards. Restore, Enhance, and Maintain Habitats and Open Space Develop a More Reliable and Diverse Portfolio of Water Supplies. Promote Economic, Social, and Environmental Sustainability Agricultural Lands Stewardship Watershed Planning and Management Water Conservation, Water Quality Environmental Habitat Protection and Improvement Water Supply Reliability Improves agricultural water use efficiency Improves watershed planning Increases water conservation and water quality awareness Restores ecosystem Improves water supply reliability Maintains agriculture, protects farmworker jobs Increases public education Increases public education Improves water quality, increases recreation opportunities, protects open space Improves environment, watershed planning, education, outreach, and provides benefits to disadvantaged communities 4-40 A

41 Coto de Caza Riverside Orange County County Lake Elsinore Lakeland Village Quail Valley Sedco Hills Canyon Lake Sun City Wildomar Romoland 215 Winchester Santa Margarita Ecological Reserve Indian Wells San Juan Capistrano San Clemente Santa Rosa Plateau Core F Murrieta Project 'F'!( Project 'B' Temecula Escarpment!( Project 'E'!( Murrieta Hot Springs Temecula 15!( Project 'E'!( Project 'A' & 'C' 5 Santa Margarita Ecological Reserve Core G Fallbrook Rainbow Riverside County San Diego County Camp Pendleton North Pacific Ocean Camp Pendleton South Oceanside Bonsall Hidden Meadows Valley Center Borrego Springs!( Priority Project Locations Rancho California W.D. City of Oceanside W.S.A. Eastern Municipal W.D. Elsinore Valley M.W.D. Riverside County Western M.W.D. Anza-Wilson Murrieta Creek Wildomar Ecological Preserves Upper Santa Margarita Watershed Boundary Lower Santa Margarita Watershed Boundary Miles Note: Project 'D' is watershed-wide and is not shown as a discrete location. Figure 4-1 Project Locations in Santa Margarita Watershed CDM July 20, 2007 Data Sources: Riverside County Flood Control & Water Conservation District, ESRI Streets & Maps, USGS National Hydrography Dataset.

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43 Reduced regional expenditures. IRWMP projects address multiple management strategies and meet the needs of multiple stakeholders. These projects allow stakeholders to share costs rather than implementing and financing separate projects that overlap goals. Cost sharing reduces the overall expenditures of the region by increasing efficiency of the regional projects, the benefits of which can be passed on to residents. Regional collaboration. IRWMP projects promote collaboration through the planning process and implementation phases. Stakeholders in the region learn to work together to develop single projects that achieve multiple benefits. IRWMP implementation projects could result in short and/or long term impacts. Short-term impacts could occur through construction of a project and would vary depending on the scale, location, and length of construction. Impacts during construction could include, but not limited to, clearing of vegetation, damage to special status species habitat, increased storm water runoff, air emissions, and noise levels, traffic delays, soil erosion, damage to or exposure of cultural resources, or interference with tribal assets. Best management practices would be implemented throughout construction to reduce potential impacts to environmental resources. Long term impacts could occur through operation of a project. Depending on the type of facility, operations could increase air emissions, energy use, and noise levels. Wastewater treatment facilities could increase effluent discharges. New facilities could change existing land uses. Operations and placement of facilities would be within standards set by General Plans or other planning documents. 4.5 Benefits and Impacts within Adjacent Regions Implementing the IRWMP would provide environmental, water supply, water quality, and recreation benefits to regions adjacent to the upper watershed, including San Diego County, Southern Orange County, and the Santa Ana Watershed. The state would also benefit in terms of water supply and drought planning. The San Diego region encompasses the lower portion of the Santa Margarita Watershed. San Diego County agencies are developing an IRWMP that incorporates this lower watershed area and the remaining San Diego County. Water quality and environmental benefits in the upper watershed would be realized in downstream areas in the lower watershed. Three projects would specifically result improve water quality and habitat in the lower watershed: A 4-43

44 Santa Margarita Watershed Restoration Project Stream Restoration for Steelhead Trout Bureau of Reclamation s Water Supply/Infrastructure Project Specifically, native fish, salmonids, and other aquatic species in the lower watershed would benefit from the Santa Margarita Watershed Restoration Project and the Stream Restoration for Steelhead Trout project. These projects would improve riparian habitat and water quality to support fish migration and spawning. Removal of invasive species under these projects would also benefit the lower watershed. The Bureau of Reclamation s Water Supply/Infrastructure Project would also improve water quality and environmental habitat at a watershed wide level, including the upper and lower Santa Margarita watersheds. Implementing this IRWMP also supports coordination with South Orange County region to improve ecosystem restoration, steelhead trout restoration, invasive species removal, and in-stream flows to sustain fisheries in the lower watersheds. Benefits to Santa Ana Watershed would occur from increased recreational opportunities at lakes, trails, and open spaces. Implementation of this IRWMP would also have water supply benefits to adjacent regions. Projects (Vail Lake Stabilization and Conjunctive Use, Raw/Recycled Water Project, Water Supply/Infrastructure, Groundwater Recharge Improvement and New Wells, and Murrieta Temecula Groundwater Recharge Feasibility Study) that improve water reliability and drought protection or reduce treated water requirements would benefit the San Diego Region by decreasing treated water demands from MWD and opening up capacity to deliver treated water to San Diego especially in times of critical shutdown or prolonged drought. Water supply reliability project benefits in the upper watershed would also stretch to all other regions reliant on MWD for imported water supply. Cumulative water supply reliability benefits produced by this region, South Orange County, and Santa Ana Watershed reduce dry year/drought requirements for supply users and habitats connected to the Colorado River and San Francisco Bay Delta. Increased water supply reliability and drought protection through local water supply projects in the upper watershed also benefits the state because it reduces demand on the Delta pumping and takes water when it is cheapest and most available. Reduced pumping can benefit Delta fish populations and help meet water quality requirements. 4.6 Benefits and Impacts to Disadvantaged Communities and Environmental Justice Environmental justice refers to equitable rights to health environmental conditions for disadvantaged communities in relation to the other populations. In the upper 4-44 A