Addressing System Restoration Issues for the ISO New England System. Michael I. Henderson ISO New England Inc. PES General Meeting July 2015

Transcription

1 Addressing System Restoration Issues for the ISO New England System Michael I. Henderson ISO New England Inc. PES General Meeting July 2015

2 Key Power System and Market Facts (2014) 6.5 million households and businesses; population 14 million Approximately 350 generators with 31,000 MW of total generation Over 8,600 miles of transmission lines 136,355 gigawatt-hours (GWh), all-time annual energy served, set during 2005 All-time peak demand of 28,130 megawatts (MW), set on August 2, 2006 Approximately 2,300 MW of demand resources $10.5 billion electricity market Approximately $7.0 billion in transmission investment since 2002 and approximately $4.8 billion planned 2

3 ISO New England s Responsibilities Defined and guided by rules and standards FERC FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION Defines ISO s authority and the services it provides Approves or mandates rules that guide ISO responsibilities Develops and ensures compliance with mandatory planning and operating power systems standards Can levy fines of $1,000 to $1 million per day for violations Northeast Power Coordinating Council, Inc (NPCC) Develops, implements and enforces criteria for the design and operation of the interconnected power systems Adheres to FERC-approved Tariff Develops and follows procedures to meet numerous, stringent, long-term/short-term reliability standards Purpose: To ensure that the regional transmission system can reliably deliver power to consumers under a wide range of future system conditions. 3 3

4 System Restoration Plan Objectives Address identified probable areas of electrical islanding and provide for (a) electrical island stabilization associated with these areas and (b) the synchronization of these islanded areas with adjacent areas Provide for the reenergization of the transmission system to major generating stations, Inter-Local Control Center (LCC), and Inter- Reliability Coordinator Area Interconnection tie points Restore the transmission system following a partial or total shutdown of the transmission system with priority given to restoring the integrity of the Eastern Interconnection. 4 4

5 System Restoration Plan Objectives, continued Be flexible to account for actual outages, damage, etc. Restore generating stations, loads, and substations with multiple outlets that facilitate further restoration Avoid injury to personnel Prevent damage to equipment Ensure proper communication and actions are taken by system operators and field personnel consistent with criteria and procedures Restore critical load as quickly as possible Station service to nuclear generating stations 5 5

6 Criteria and Related Requirements Consist of black start units and transmission facilities to form electrical islands that can be synchronized Identifies key facilities, critical components, and points of interconnection Communication channels, protocols, and critical equipment must be documented and logged, tested regularly, and lessons learned applied for improvement Voltage control equipment AC and DC power supplies Black start facilities Cable pressurization systems Substation and telecommunications equipment Protocols and procedures for communicating among control centers, generator owners, and transmission owners 6 6

7 Criteria and Related Requirements, continued Black start units must be right size, location, and number Have enough real and reactive power to meet the requirements of cranking paths and the dynamic capability to supply initial loads Meet Regional Reliability Organization restoration plan requirements for the Transmission Operator s area Have adequate fuel supply Meet environmental regulatory requirements 7 7

8 New England Restoration Requirements Full restoration using internal resources Proper communication protocols among control centers, transmission operators, and generating stations Minimization of required Blackstart resources Sufficient voltage and frequency control of Blackstart units Provide or absorb reactive power Operate governors in droop or isochronous control mode with sufficient ramping Adequate fuel capability and storage Meet staffing and communication requirements Have adequate procedures and training 8 8

9 Simplicity Advantages of Top Down Approach Implementation of restoration paths is simpler Flexibility Access to more Blackstart units in a wider variety of locations Potential retirements of old environmentally challenged units Timeliness Less reliance on cold starts of old generating units Facilitates the energization of remaining facilities and interconnections with neighboring systems Improved restoration time to nuclear plant off-site power Nuclear plants are connected directly to the 345 kv system 9 9

10 Requirements Steady State Simulation Studies Dynamic Simulation Studies Transient Voltage Simulation Studies Switching Surge Studies Training of personnel 10 10

11 Black Start Conversion Typical Equipment Required Black Start Diesels or Small Gas Turbine Start Source Station Service Switchgear Lineup Breaker Position Dead Bus Closing Logic Synchronizing scheme to synchronize large generator to cranking source supplying station service Isochronous Control Logic Human Machine Interface 11 11

12 Goal: A Top Down Approach to System Restoration Top Down System Restoration Re-energizes transmission system using large black start resources at or near 345 kv system and nuclear units Provides opportunity for improving the restoration plan Current Approach Hybrid Bottom Up and Top Down Is in compliance with Reliability Standards Bottom Up System Restoration uses small black start resources far from 345 kv lines and nuclear units Separate islands that must be synchronized with the 345 kv system 12 12

13 Blackstart Capability as of 7/1/ Designated Blackstart Resources (DBRs) at 32 Generator Assets 9.6% of all EMS-Modeled Generator Assets have one or more DBRs DBRs make up 4.5% of total Summer SCC in New England DBRs are spread both geographically and electrically in order to meet the goals of the System Restoration Plan 13

14 Summer-SCC Blackstart Capability Comparison ( ) Year 14

15 Cost (Millions $) Blackstart Costs Comparison (Projected) CIP 8 Standard (Projected) Year *2012 CIP costs started June 1 15

16 Next Steps New England is currently in compliance with all System Restoration requirements Implementation of Blackstart cyber security requirements is required by participating generators by April 1,

17 Emerging Issues Load characteristics are changing New England has over 1,000 MW of PV growing to 2,449 MW by 2024 IEEE 1547 is being modified to address soft start and other issues Blackstart Generators must meet their permitting requirements 17

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