Mid-Unit Practice Review for Assessment

Transcription

1 Mid-Unit Practice Review for Assessment Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true. 1. Mountains are part of Earth s lithosphere. 2. Earth s atmosphere is all the places on Earth where living things can exist. 3. A(n) ecosystem includes all the living organisms in an area and their non-living environment. 4. Living organisms in an ecosystem are abiotic factors. 5. Weather is a(n) biotic factor of an ecosystem. 6. All members of the same species that live in the same ecosystem are called a(n) community. 7. All the populations of different organisms in an area form a(n) community. 8. All the turtles, frogs, fishes, mosquitoes, aquatic plants, algae, and other living things in a pond make up a(n) population. 9. Plants are consumers because they use the Sun s energy to make their own food. 10. The process in which the Sun s energy is converted into chemical energy is called cellular respiration. 11. Humans are producers because they obtain their energy from other sources. 12. A(n) herbivore is a consumer that eats only other consumers. 13. A(n) scavenger is a consumer that feeds on the remains of other dead or decaying organisms. 14. If a hawk eats a weasel, the hawk is known as a predator. 15. The trophic level describes the position of an organism in a food chain. Completion Complete each statement. 16. Earth s is the thin layer of gases that surrounds the planet.

2 17. Earth s is all the places on Earth where living things can exist. 18. A(n) includes all the living organisms in an area and their non-living environment. 19. An organism that makes its own food is called a(n). Matching Classify each ecosystem feature as abiotic or biotic. Answer choices may be used more than once. a. abiotic b. biotic 20. A coral reef has warm and shallow waters. 21. A coniferous forest contains bogs. 22. A coral reef is easily damaged by changes in water temperature and quality. 23. A coniferous forest has long, cold winters and warm summers. 24. A beaver pond has many aquatic species, including insects, fishes, frogs, turtles, muskrats, and beavers. 25. A rotting log contains decomposing bacteria and fungi. 26. A beaver pond has shallow water that is warm in summer and ice covered in winter. 27. A rotting log is a moist environment. 28. A rotting log contains beetles, ants, and other insects. 29. A coral reef is usually located in a tropical region. 30. A rotting log has very little light. Short Answer 31. Reorder these terms from least to most complex. Explain the differences from one level of the hierarchy to the next. community single organism ecosystem population 32. Describe the similarities and differences between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

3 33. Each of these figures represents a component of a forest ecosystem. Arrange the figures to show a food chain with the correct trophic levels. Explain your answer. 34. Give an example of how human actions could affect a food web. 35. Use this map to label the five Canadian biomes. Which biome is the largest in Canada?

4 36. Use what you learned in this chapter to determine which major biome you live in. What biotic or abiotic features have you noticed that are characteristic of your biome? 37. Examine the food web shown here. a)choose three components of this web and explain how they would be affected if the number of snowshoe hares were suddenly increased significantly. b) Name one component from each trophic level of the food chain. Explain your answers.

5 38. The graph shown here represents the number of snowshoe hares and lynx in Canada during a 15-year study. Summarize the overall pattern of the population of these two species. Provide a possible explanation for why the data follows this pattern. 39. Think of three examples of human actions that could affect a terrestrial ecosystem. Predict the effects each example could have on an abiotic factor of the ecosystem. 40. Think of three examples of human actions that could affect an aquatic ecosystem. Predict the effects each example could have on an abiotic factor of the ecosystem.

6 Mid-Unit Practice Review for Assessment Answer Section MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE 1. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 2.1 Life on Earth LOC: B2.1 MSC: What Do You Understand? 2. ANS: F, biosphere PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 2.1 Life on Earth 3. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 2.2 Introducing Ecosystems 4. ANS: F, biotic PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 2.2 Introducing Ecosystems LOC: B2.2 MSC: What Do You Remember? 5. ANS: F, abiotic PTS: 1 REF: A OBJ: 2.2 Introducing Ecosystems 6. ANS: F, population PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 2.2 Introducing Ecosystems 7. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 2.2 Introducing Ecosystems 8. ANS: F, community PTS: 1 REF: A OBJ: 2.2 Introducing Ecosystems LOC: B2.1 MSC: What Do You Understand? 9. ANS: F, producers PTS: 1 REF: A OBJ: 2.5 Energy Flow in Ecosystems LOC: B2.1 MSC: What Do You Understand? 10. ANS: F, photosynthesis PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 2.5 Energy Flow in Ecosystems 11. ANS: F, consumers PTS: 1 REF: A OBJ: 2.5 Energy Flow in Ecosystems LOC: B2.1 MSC: What Do You Understand? 12. ANS: F, carnivore

7 PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 2.6 Interactions in the Ecosystem 13. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 2.6 Interactions in the Ecosystem LOC: B2.1 MSC: What Do You Remember? 14. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: A OBJ: 2.6 Interactions in the Ecosystem LOC: B2.1 MSC: What Do You Understand? 15. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 2.6 Interactions in the Ecosystem LOC: B2.1 MSC: What Do You Remember? COMPLETION 16. ANS: atmosphere PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 2.1 Life on Earth 17. ANS: biosphere PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 2.1 Life on Earth 18. ANS: ecosystem PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 2.2 Introducing Ecosystems 19. ANS: producer PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 2.5 Energy Flow in Ecosystems MATCHING 20. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: A OBJ: 2.2 Introducing Ecosystems 21. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: A OBJ: 2.2 Introducing Ecosystems 22. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: A OBJ: 2.2 Introducing Ecosystems 23. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: A OBJ: 2.2 Introducing Ecosystems 24. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: A OBJ: 2.2 Introducing Ecosystems 25. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: A OBJ: 2.2 Introducing Ecosystems 26. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: A OBJ: 2.2 Introducing Ecosystems

8 27. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: A OBJ: 2.2 Introducing Ecosystems 28. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: A OBJ: 2.2 Introducing Ecosystems 29. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: A OBJ: 2.2 Introducing Ecosystems 30. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: A OBJ: 2.2 Introducing Ecosystems SHORT ANSWER 31. ANS: single organism population community ecosystem A population includes all the members of a single species that live in the same ecosystem. A community includes all the populations of different organisms in an ecosystem. An ecosystem includes the community of living things in an area, as well as the non-living components of their environment. PTS: 1 REF: T/I OBJ: 2.2 Introducing Ecosystems LOC: B2.1 MSC: Create and Evaluate 32. ANS: Photosynthesis and cellular respiration involve the same chemicals--water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and sugar. Both processes involve energy. Both processes need to happen to sustain life. But the reactions are the opposite of each other and produce different products. Photosynthesis produces sugars that contain energy, while cellular respiration uses the sugars and releases the stored energy so that it can be used for life processes. PTS: 1 REF: T/I OBJ: 2.5 Energy Flow in Ecosystems LOC: B3.3 MSC: Solve a Problem 33. ANS: Producers, such as grass, occupy the first trophic level. Herbivores, such as mice that eat seeds, occupy the second level. Carnivores that prey on herbivores make up the third level, and carnivores that prey on other carnivores occupy the fourth level. PTS: 1 REF: A OBJ: 2.6 Interactions in the Ecosystem LOC: B3.2 MSC: Create and Evaluate 34. ANS: Harmful substances we use may enter an aquatic ecosystem and disrupt or stop the growth of a plant species. Consumers of that species will also suffer because their food source will be reduced or removed. PTS: 1 REF: A OBJ: 2.6 Interactions in the Ecosystem LOC: B3.2 MSC: What Do You Understand?

9 35. ANS: The boreal forest is the largest biome in Canada. PTS: 1 REF: C OBJ: 2.9 On Land or in Water? LOC: B2.1 MSC: Create and Evaluate 36. ANS: Answers may vary. Possible answer: My home is in the boreal forest biome. I have noticed that the weather changes frequently. There are a lot of coniferous trees. There are also birds, squirrels, snowshoe hares, black bears, and grey wolves. PTS: 1 OBJ: 2.9 On Land or in Water? LOC: B2.1 MSC: Reflect on Your Learning 37. ANS: Answers will vary. Possible answer: If the number of snowshoe hares increased, the number of lynx would also increase because there would be more snowshoe hares for them to feed upon. There would be fewer wild grasses because more snowshoe hares would be consuming the grasses. There would also be fewer blueberry bushes, for the same reason. PTS: 1 REF: T/I OBJ: 2.6 Interactions in the Ecosystem LOC: B3.2 MSC: Create and Evaluate 38. ANS: Answers will vary. Possible answer: A pine tree is part of the first trophic level because it is a producer. Snowshoe hares are primary consumers and part of the second trophic level because they feed on producers only. The goshawk is in the third trophic level because they feed on the snowshoe hare, a primary consumer. The great horned owl is part of the fourth trophic level because it feeds on a carnivore, the goshawk. PTS: 1 REF: T/I OBJ: 2.6 Interactions in the Ecosystem LOC: B3.2 MSC: Create and Evaluate 39. ANS: The two populations follow the same general pattern. As the number of snowshoe hares increases, the number of lynx also increases. This is because the lynx feed on snowshoe hares. If there are more snowshoe hares, then the area can support a larger population of lynx. As the population of lynx increases, however, they feed on more snowshoe hares so the hare population begins to decrease. This causes a decrease in the number of lynx. This decrease leads to an increase in the number of hares, and the process repeats. PTS: 1 REF: T/I OBJ: 2.7 Focus on Math LOC: B2.3 MSC: Create and Evaluate

10 40. ANS: Cutting trees down affects a terrestrial ecosystem. If trees are removed, the amount of shade will be decreased, and organisms in the ecosystem will be exposed to more light. Farming also affects a terrestrial ecosystem. Farming changes the nutrient levels in soil. Global warming also causes effects, as it will reduce the available habitat for cool-adapted species. PTS: 1 REF: T/I OBJ: 2.8 Biotic and Abiotic Influences on Ecosystems LOC: B3.5 MSC: Create and Evaluate 41. ANS: Use of fertilizer affects an aquatic ecosystem. The runoff can increase nutrients in water and cause algal blooms. Burning fossil fuels will increase pollution from acid rain in aquatic ecosystems. Salting highways can cause an increased salinity in aquatic ecosystems. PTS: 1 REF: T/I OBJ: 2.8 Biotic and Abiotic Influences on Ecosystems LOC: B3.5 MSC: Create and Evaluate