Shoreline Impacts, Setback Policy & Sea Level Rise Center for Island Climate Change Adaptation & Policy

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1 Shoreline Impacts, Setback Policy & Sea Level Rise Center for Island Climate Change Adaptation & Policy

2 For University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program Department of Land & Natural Resources Hawaii Coastal Zone Management Program Pacific Services Center (NOAA) Coastal Services Center (NOAA) Published By University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program

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4 Concept 1 Overlapping Multi-Hazard Zones Erosion Zone Wave Zone (V, VE zones) Flood Zone (A, AE, X zones) Inland Zone Adapted from FEMA CCM

5 Concept 2 Understand Development Process

6 How to Build Construction

7 Where to Build Siting

8 Galveston Hurricane Ike Need for Good Construction and Siting

9 Concept 2 Development Process Address Siting Issues as Early as Possible Discretion

10 Concept 3 - Elements of Govt. Implementation Adapted From Hawaii Coastal Hazard Mitigation Guidebook

11 Knowledge Is the area subject to natural hazards? What has happened in the past? Does the area erode, subside, inundate, flood, etc? Fujimoto, Garden Island News

12 Information for Planning Erosion & subsidence rates, sea-level rise, frequency of occurrence, etc. If the area floods, how deep, how fast, how often? Fletcher et al, 2002 FEMA CCM, 2002

13 Guidance How To How do we build to reduce erosion, natural hazard risk, flood. FEMA CCM, 2002

14 Concept 3 - Elements of Govt. Implementation Adapted From Hawaii Coastal Hazard Mitigation Guidebook

15 Concept 3- Elements of Govt. Implementation Adapted From Hawaii Coastal Hazard Mitigation Guidebook Use all Elements in Combination Industry Standards and Policy can lead to New Regulations

16 Concept - Implementation in Hawaii Hawaii Guidebook Oahu Hawaii State Maui County Hawaii County Kauai County

17 Implementation in Louisiana?? Louisiana Guidebook Cameron? Calcasieu? St. Tammany? Iberia? St. Mary?

18 Case Study Kapoho Hawaii County Kapoho

19 Case Study Southeast portion of Hawaii County Residents flooded monthly

20 High Tide Floods Inland Houses

21 Rolling Easement Titus, 1998 Hawaii Coastal Hazard Mitigation Guidebook Recommends FEMA CCM

22 Hawaii County Planning Department Area to West Zoned Residential and up for Subdivision What does Planning Dept. do? Area must be above water 100 years from now. 3-4 feet of subsidence continuous 2 feet of subsidence catastrophic event 2 feet of sea-level rise 7-8 feet area must be above sea-level

23 Hawaii County used Existing Authority A lot shall be suitable for the purposes for which it is intended to be sold. No area subject to periodic inundation which endangers the health or safety of its occupants may be subdivided for residential purposes. Hawaii County Code Section Early in Development Stage Authority and Discretion!!

24 Concept 3 - Elements of Govt. Implementation Adapted From Hawaii Coastal Hazard Mitigation Guidebook Use all Elements in Combination Guidance and Policy can lead to use as Existing Authority

25 Case Study Kauai Shoreline Setback Rule Photo by Dennis Fujimoto Garden Island News

26 Unique Shoreline Setback Rule Where space purely scientific Scientific erosion rate & Scientific planning period 70 years times Erosion Rate plus years average of wood frame structures (consider building material, maintenance, structural failure, water damage, etc.) (Anderson, 1978) Erosion rate to be adjusted for sea-level rise for coastal sectors susceptible to change from rising water.

27 Setback Triggers Early Not just at time of building

28 Post Disaster - Coastal Land in Different Development Stages - Redistributed - Possible Improved Mitigation!

29 Conclusion 1) Use the full suite of elements for implementation Knowledge Information Guidance - Policy Industry Standards Existing Authority New Regulation all are important. 2) Build on the guidance provided to site and construct better. 3) Small steps in right direction are important. At the very least, counties can consider developing policy based on the guidebook. Build on other leading jurisdictions (Kauai and Maui).

30 4) Factor in Development Stage Adjust measures for specific stage of development. Reasonable appropriate fair. 5) Plan for Hazards (sea-level rise) as early as possible with appropriate triggers. 6) After natural hazard have a plan to relocate better or build stronger. If something damaged, build & site better.