Wind Integration and Grid Reliability Impacts

Transcription

1 Wind Integration and Grid Reliability Impacts Charlton I. Clark Technology Manager, Renewable Systems Interconnection Wind and Water Power Program Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy U. S. Department of Energy NERC RICCI Task Force-July 17, 2009

2 Outline Overview of wind integration studies Past studies Western Wind and Solar Integration Study (WWSIS) Eastern Wind Integration and Transmission Study (EWITS) Initial reliability results

3 Past/Ongoing Utility Integration Studies Multiple integration studies conducted for various utilities Previous studies evaluated a single utility control area Primary focus related to integration costs to the host utility

4 Current Large Scale Integration Studies Integration study footprints expanding WWSIS => WestConnect Footprint EWITS => Eastern Interconnection (except FRCC)

5 WWSIS Overview Goal To understand the costs and operating impacts due to the variability and uncertainty of wind, PV and concentrating solar power (CSP) on the WestConnect grid Not the cost of wind or solar generation Scope of study Operations, not transmission study Study year 2017 to line up with WECC studies Simulate load and climate of 2004, 2005, 2006 forecast to

6 WWSIS Scenario Overview Baseline no new renewables In-Area each transmission area meets its target from sources within that area 30% wind, 5% solar in footprint (20% wind, 3% solar in the rest of WECC) 20% wind, 3% solar (10% wind, 1% solar rest of WECC) 10% wind, 1% solar (10% wind, 1% solar rest of WECC) Mega Project concentrated projects in best resource areas Local Priority Balance of best resource and in-area sites Plus other scenarios yet to be determined (high solar, high capacity value, high geographic diversity) Solar is 70% CSP and 30% distributed PV. CSP has 6 hours of thermal storage. Penetrations are by energy. 6

7 Benefits of geographic diversity: Actual wind output vs. One- Hour delta as a Percentage of Installed Wind Capacity (30% In-Area Scenario) New Mexico (2006) Study area aggregation tends to mitigate relative impact of large ramps 7

8 Wind Deltas vs Load Deltas by season for (30% in Area Scenario) Wind Delta (MW) (30% Scenario) Increased L-W down-ramps (-4125, 2950) Load and Wind deltas offset Q MW MW Q MW (186, 7528) MW MW MW Load Delta (MW) (1199, -5926) Load and wind deltas offset Q4 Fall Winter Spring Summer Q1 (2985, -4372) Increased L-W up-ramps 8

9 Summary Statistics (hourly variability) 9

10 Summary Stats - ten-minute variability 10

11 Study Area Total Load, Wind and Solar Variation Over Month of April (30% Study in Area Area Scenario) Total Load, Wind and Solar Variation Over Month of April (30% 35000in Area Scenario) MW Minimum net load: 2887 MW Ld(Base) Instantaneous penetration: 112% Wd(30%) PV(30%) 1-Apr 8-Apr 15-Apr 22-Apr CSP(30%) 29-Apr Day L-W-S(30%) Substantial increase in net load variability driven largely by wind variation 11

12 Four EWITS Scenario Overview Scenario 1, 20% wind penetration Lowest Cost Wind : Utilizes high quality wind resources in the Great Plans, with other development in the east where good wind resources exist. Scenario 2, 20% wind penetration Hybrid, with Offshore : Some wind generation in the Great Plains is moved east, with capacity increased in PJM, NYISO, and ISO-NE. Scenario 3, 20% wind penetration Load-weighted (local) Wind Development, Aggressive Offshore : More wind is moved east toward load centers, necessitating even more utilization of off-shore resources. Scenario 4, 30% wind penetration Aggressive On- and Off-shore. Meeting the 30% energy penetration level uses a substantial amount of the higher quality wind resource. Lots of offshore is needed to reach the target energy level. Region Onshore (MW) Offshore (MW) Total (MW) MISP/MAPP 94,808 94,808 SPP 91,843 91,843 TVA 1,247 1,247 SERC 1,009 1,009 PJM ISO 22,669 22,669 NYISO 7,742 7,742 ISO NE 4,291 4,291 Total 223, ,609 Region Onshore (MW) Offshore (MW) Total (MW) MISO/MAPP 69,444 69,444 SPP 86,666 86,666 TVA 1,247 1,247 SERC 1,009 4,000 5,009 PJM ISO 28,192 5,000 33,192 NYISO 13,887 2,620 16,507 ISO NE 8,837 5,000 13,837 Total 209,282 16, ,902 Region Onshore (MW) Offshore (MW) Total (MW) MISO/MAPP 46,255 46,255 SPP 50,958 50,958 TVA 1,247 1,247 SERC 1,009 11,040 12,049 PJM ISO 38,956 9,280 48,236 NYISO 13,887 39,780 53,667 ISO NE 13,887 4,000 17,887 Total 166,199 64, ,299 Region Onshore (MW) Offshore (MW) Total (MW) MISO/MAPP 95,046 95,046 SPP 94,576 94,576 TVA 1,247 1,247 SERC 1,009 11,040 12,049 PJM ISO 38,956 9,280 48,236 NYISO 13,887 54,780 68,667 ISO NE 13,887 4,000 17,887 Total 258,608 79, ,708

13 Geographic Diversity of Wind

14 Annual Average Incremental Variable Spinning reserve (MW) 7,000 6,000 5,000 IDEAL WIND ACTUAL WIND S1 ACTUAL WIND S2 ACTUAL WIND S3 ACTUAL WIND S4 Variable Reserve (MW) 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 MISO MAPP SPP PJM NYISO ISO-NE TVA SERC IDEAL WIND , ACTUAL WIND S1 4,424 1,020 6,308 1, ACTUAL WIND S2 3, ,176 2,359 1,118 1, ACTUAL WIND S3 2, ,695 4,463 1,614 1, ACTUAL WIND S4 4,423 1,038 6,487 5,410 1,614 1, Region

15 Questions??