NATIONAL POLICIES ON SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT, PROTECTION, EXPLOITATION AND USE OF WATER RESOURCES

Transcription

1 NATONAL POLCES ON SUSTANABLE MANAGEMENT, PROTECTON, EPLOTATON AND USE OF WATER RESOURCES Presenter: Tran Thi Hue, MSc. Department of Water Resources Management Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

2 CONTENT OF PRESENTATON 1. ntroduction of some general information on water resources of iet Nam the importance of water resources to food security, energy hidden risks of water resources of iet Nam. 2. National policies on management, protection and use of water resources.

3 1. Storm water resource - The average rainfall is about 1,96 mm / year, of the countries with high rainfall in the world and the region 2. Surface water resource - 18 river basins (13 large river basins), - 3,45 rivers and streams of >1km, including: inter-provincial rivers and streams + 3,45 intra-provincial streams and rivers + Approximately 72% of river basins are outside the country and 63% of surface water flowing in from abroad (Mekong River and Red River)

4 - Reservoirs: + The country has nearly 6, large and small reservoirs, in which about 3, lakes with capacity from more than.2 million m3, the total capacity of over 65 billion m3 (approximately 2,1 lakes are currently operating, W> 34 billion m3 of water; 24 lakes under construction, total W> 28 billion m3). + Private hydropower reservoirs have a total capacity of about 56 billion m3 (accounting for 86% of total water storage capacity of the reservoirs). 3. Groundwater resource The total volume of groundwater, excluding the islands is about 2, m3 /s, equivalent to about 63 billion m3 per year

5 Water Resources to Food and Energy Security Water for food security iet Nam has: million hectares of agricultural land, of which: million ha of wet rice cultivation + Nearly 23 million hectares of crop land, fruit trees, crops and aquaculture Water for energy security ietnam has about 1, big and small hydropower projects, with a total installed capacity Nlm of about 24.MW. Currently hydropower is accounted for nearly 4% of the country's electricity energy.

6 Water Resources of iet Nam emerging unsustainable factors 1) The amount of surface water depends heavily on foreign countries - Approximately 63% originates in other countries - Over 7% of the catchment area outside the national territory. 2) Water resource unevenly distributes among regions: Above 6% is concentrated in the Mekong Delta (Mekong basin), the remaining territory of 4% but only account for approximately 8% of the country population and over 9% of production, business and services. Especially, in South-eastern region and Dong Nai- Saigon river basin, the average amount of water per capita is only about 2,9 m3/person/year, equivalent to 28% compared to the national average.

7 b n å l - î n g m- a t r u n g b n h n m 2, Hµ Néi Hµ «ng Hßa B nh 1, 4 3 2º ' Nam Þnh l µ o 1 1, L¹ ng S n 2 16 H i Phßng Th i B nh Hµ Néi 32 2º ' Thanh Ho ,4 Sa Pa 24 Ninh B nh 1,6 2, 4 1 H¹ Long 1, H i D- ng 8 2, H- ng Yª n Phñ Lý 2, B¾c Ninh 3,2 3,2 2,4 B¾c Giang 1,6 Ünh Yª n iöt Tr 3 Th i Nguyª n ån g 22º ' 4 S«ng H µ L¹ ng S n 2 4 2, S«ng 1,2 1,6 5 1,2 Tuyª n Quang Hå Th c Bµ Yª n B i Lai Ch u 2 Dù n Ph è i h î p Qu è c g i a v Ò Qu n l ý Tµ i n g u y ª n n - í c Hµ Giang 6 1,6 5 ž Tr ung q uè c B¾c K¹ n S n la 1,2,6 1,2 Cao B»ng 1 2, 11º' 18º' 1,6 2, 4, 2,4 2, Lai Ch u 2, 22º ' Lµo Cai 3,2 1,6 Hµ Giang 3,2 1,6 2, 8 Thanh Ho , inh 2, B n 2,8 2,4 3,2 «ng Hµ 7 n inh 6 18º ' «18º ' i Ó Hµ TÜnh 3,2 6 g ång Hí i , , HuÕ 7 16º ' 3 3,2 2,4 3,2 2 4, 16 1 Qu ng Ng i 3, Th ng 2, Kon Tum Plei Ku < > 28 14º ' Qu ng Ng i 7 3,2 l - î n g m- a t r u n g b n h n m n vþ: mm L- î ng m- a (mm) 4 Kon Tum Tam Kú , ,6 µ N½ng 3,2 Sa Pa ông CÇu Hai 4 HuÕ L- î n g m- a t r u n g b n h t h n g t a i t r ¹ m Sa Pa 5 QuÇn o Hoµng Sa 16º ' «ng Hµ 2,8 14º ' Qui Nh n 2, Bu«n Ma Thuét Nha Trang 35 Tuy Hoµ , , 6 Bu«n Ma Thuét Nha Trang 12º ' 12º ' µ L¹ t p u Ti Sg Mü Tho Ü Long nh,6 Th 1CÇn 12 òng Tµu T n S n NhÊt 35 BÕn Tre 3 25 Trµ inh 1º ' 2 15 H Sg 1 Sãc Tr ng 5 Ëu Cµ Mau 2 T n An 2, 4 4 Phan ThiÕt Òn R¹ ch Gi B o Léc 5 1,2 Thñ DÇu Mét Hå TrÞAn 2,4 Biª n Hoµ Hå ChÝMinh Cao L nh Long uyª n 1º ' 2,8 T y Ninh c h i a 117 E m 114 E Hå DÇu TiÕng c 8 Phan Rang Th p Chµm ång oµi ,4 2 B¹ c Liª u CÇn Th 28 Cµ Mau QuÇn o Tr- êng Sa 4 Nguån: iön KhÝt- î ng Thuû v n N m : 22 14º ' 16º' 18º' Water Resources of iet Nam emerging unsustainable factors (continued) (3) Water resource uneven distributes over time in the year: Average water in 3-5 months of flood season accounts for 7-8%, while in 7-9 months of dry season only accounts for 2-3% of water of the year 16º' 14º ' 11º' 5

8 Water Resources of iet Nam emerging unsustainable factors (continued) (4) Pollution, degradation of water resources is increasing severely: - High economic growth, urbanization contaminated water sources, degradation, depletion of water resources are becoming popular... - Deforestation, land use, cultivation loss of aquatic resources (5) Exploitation and use of national water upstream is increasing powerfully (Mekong River, Red River) strong impact to water resources of ietnam... (6) Climate change is increasing clearly (floods in the Central region, droughts spreading across the country..., deep saltwater intrusion in coastal areas

9 NATONAL POLCES ON SUSTANABLE MANAGEMENT, PROTECTON, EPLOTATON AND USE OF WATER RESOURCES The major policies of the State on water resources (specified in Law of Water Resources 212) 1. To ensure that water resources are managed, protected, exploited and used in a rational, economical and effective manner, meeting the requirements for sustainable socio-economic development and national defense and security assurance. 2. To invest in and organize basic survey and planning of water resources; to build water resource observation and surveillance systems, water resource information and database systems; to raise the capacity of forecast about water resources, water resource pollution, flood, inundation, drought, seawater intrusion, sea level rise and other harmful effects caused by water; to support the development of water sources and building of water resource infrastructure facilities.

10 NATONAL POLCES ON SUSTANABLE MANAGEMENT, PROTECTON, EPLOTATON AND USE OF WATER RESOURCES 3. To prioritize investment in the prospecting, exploration and exploitation of water sources, to adopt incentive policies for water exploitation projects aiming to supply domestic and production water to inhabitants in mountainous, ethnic minority and border areas, islands, areas with socio-economic difficulties or special socioeconomic difficulties or areas facing freshwater scarcity. 4. To invest and support the exploitation and use of water resources for agriculture production.

11 NATONAL POLCES ON SUSTANABLE MANAGEMENT, PROTECTON, EPLOTATON AND USE OF WATER RESOURCES 5. To invest in and adopt mechanisms to encourage organizations and individuals to invest in researching and applying advanced sciences and technologies in order to manage, protect and develop water sources, economically and effectively exploit and use water resources, treat wastewater up to standards and technical regulations for re-use, process saline water and brackish water into freshwater, collect and use rainwater, supply artificial groundwater, rehabilitate polluted, deteriorated or depleted water source, and prevent, control and remedy harmful consequences caused by water. 6. To assure state budget funds for activities of basic survey and planning of water resources, protection of water resources, and prevention, control and remedy of harmful effects caused by water

12 NATONAL POLCES ON SUSTANABLE MANAGEMENT, PROTECTON, EPLOTATON AND USE OF WATER RESOURCES Law of Water Resources stipulates: 1. The exploitation and use of water resources must comply with approved water resource master plans; 2. t is prohibited to build new hospitals and medical establishments treating contagious diseases, cemeteries, waste burials, establishments producing hazardous chemicals and production or processing establishments generating hazardous wastewater within water source protection corridors. 3. The construction of economic zones, industrial parks, export processing zones, hi-tech parks, industrial complexes, urban centers, concentrated residential quarters, tourist resorts, recreation and entertainment centers, waterway routes, roads, underground works, water supply and drainage works, mineral mining facilities, power plants, wastewater storages, production, business and service establishments and other establishments which are likely to cause water source pollution, deterioration or depletion must have a plan on prevention and control of water source pollution, deterioration and depletion.

13 NATONAL POLCES ON SUSTANABLE MANAGEMENT, PROTECTON, EPLOTATON AND USE OF WATER RESOURCES 4. Organizations and individuals that invest in water recycling or reuse, rainwater collection and use, and use of water desalinized from brackish water or saline water or invest in water conservation equipment and technologies are eligible for soft loans and tax exemption and reduction in accordance with law. 5. The exploitation and use of water sources for hydropower generation must ensure integrated and multiple-purpose use, except for water exploitation and use on a small scale. 6. Organizations and individuals that exploit water resources shall pay money for the grant of the right to exploit water resources if: a) They exploit water for power generation for commercial purposes; b) They exploit water for non-agricultural business, service or production activities; c) They exploit groundwater for industrial tree plantation, cattle farming or large-scale aquaculture.