TRENDS IN THE EU PACKAGING MARKET

Transcription

1 TRENDS IN THE EU PACKAGING MARKET ISWA Presidential Advisory Committee Christoph Scharff and Evelyne Antreich Vienna, 7 June 213 EU AND THE WORLD: MATERIAL FLOWS The European Environment. State and Outlook 21. Synthesis. European Environment Agency, 21 1

2 GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF METAL RESERVES Iron Bauxite Chromite Copper PGM REE Steinbach/BGR, USGS SCARCITY OF RAW MATERIALS IN THE EU: RECYCLING GETS MORE POLITICAL ATTENTION Raw materials are vital inputs for the EU s economy. Global raw materials markets are increasingly distorted by protectionist trade policies. Within the EU, exploration and extraction face increased competition for different land uses and a highly regulated environment. On 2 February 211 the European Commission adopted a new strategy which sets out targeted measures to secure and improve access to raw materials for the EU. The new strategy pursues the 3-pillar approach to improving access to raw materials for Europe. These pillars are: 1. Fair and sustainable supply of raw materials from international markets 2. Fostering sustainable supply within the EU 3. Boosting resource efficiency and promote recycling DG Enterprise and Industry,

3 BALANCING DEMAND AND SUPPLY: OPTIONS Resources 1st order Resources 2nd order Geology Economy Diplomacy Technology Geogenic stocks Trade Cooperation Resource efficiency War Recycling and recovery Substitution MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT IN EU MEMBER STATES (211) 1% 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% % DE AT NL BE SE LU DK IE SI UK FR FI IT ES EE PL HU PT CZ CY EL LV LT SK MT BG RO EU27 HR recycling compost incineration landfill Eurostat 3

4 28,5 38,9 66,6 66,2 66, 64,4 61,9 61,6 61,1 61, 6,7 6,4 58,7 56,7 56,1 55,5 55,4 54,3 51,7 5, 48,9 45,9 45,7 43,4 73,9 72,7 7, 79,8 84, PACKAGING RECYCLING (21) Paper and Cardboard Glass Metals Plastics Wood Target Average Variation Low High Medium Medium High Member States Exceeding Target DG ENV, calculated from Eurostat data RECYCLING RATE FOR PACKAGING (21) Recycling Rate (%) % Target Rate % -51% -53% -58% -59% DK BE NL DE CZ AT IE LU IT ES BG FR SI UK LT GR NO EE PT FI SE HU CY LV LI SK RO PL MT EUROSTAT 4

5 29,2 5,1 47,5 48, ,3 58, , 7,3 7, 67,3 65,8 61,6 6, , , ,7 76,7 74,7 73,7 77,9 85, 96,8 95,7 95,5 92,2 9,3 18,1,,,,, 28,5 38,9 45,7 43,4 55,4 54, , ,7 5, 48,9 66,6 66, 64,4 61,9 61,1 6,7 58,7 56, , 6,4 61,6 66,2 73,9 72,7 7, 79,8 84, PROGRESS TOWARDS THE EU RECYCLING TARGETS (21) Recycling Rate (%) % Target rate % -51% -53% -58% -59% 1 DK BE NL DE AT LU IT ES FR UK FI SE IE GR PT CZ SI LT EE HU CY SK RO MT BG PL LV EUROSTAT PROGRESS TOWARDS THE EU RECOVERY TARGETS IN (21) Recovery Rate (%) % Target rate % -51% -53% -58% -59% DK NL DE BE AT LU FI SE IT FR ES UK IE PT GR CZ SI EE LT HU CY SK RO MT BG PL LV EUROSTAT 5

6 PACKAGING RECYCLING RATE 21 > 6 % 5 % - 6 % 4 % - 5 % < 4 % Data not available EUROSTAT 213 EU COMMISSION S 213 WORK PROGRAMME: REVIEW OF EU WASTE POLICY AND LEGISLATION A review of key targets in EU waste legislation ( target review ) in line with the review clauses in the Waste Framework Directive, the Landfill Directive and the Packaging Directive Art. 9 c) and Art of the Waste Framework Directive 28/98/EC Art. 5.2 of the Landfill Directive 99/31/EC Art. 6.5 of the Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive 94/62/EC. An ex-post evaluation ("fitness check") of five of the EU Directives dealing with separate waste streams: Sewage sludge, PCB/PCT, packaging and packaging waste, end of life vehicles, and batteries An assessment of how the problem of plastic waste can best be tackled in the context of the current waste policy framework, based on the publication of the Green Paper on a European Strategy on Plastic Waste in the Environment. 6

7 EU COMMISSION S 213 WORK PROGRAMME: REVIEW OF EU WASTE POLICY AND LEGISLATION Fundamentals: Aspirational objectives' as set out in the Resource Efficiency Roadmap (COM(211) 571) and recently confirmed in the proposal for a 7th Environmental Action Programme: By 22 landfilling should be virtually eliminated, reuse and recycling should be at their maximum feasible level, energy recovery should be limited to not recyclable waste and waste generation should have been decreased. The objective to ensure safe/sustainable access to raw materials as one of the key contributions to the Raw Materials Initiative (e. g. COM(211) 25 final). The review will also build upon the 211 Communication on the implementation of the Thematic Strategy on the Prevention and Recycling of Waste (COM(211) 13 final), where the Commission identified a list of actions and priorities to both improve the implementation of existing legislation and to move towards a more ambitious waste management policy. This includes continuing efforts to modernize, simplify and ensure the consistency of the waste legislation and the review of main targets included in key waste Directives. Stakeholder consultation (no general public consultation for Fitness Check) Publication of final results KEY ASPECTS OF THE TARGET REVIEW The targets set in the Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive, Landfill Directive and Waste Framework Directive are one of the instruments to operationalize the goals of resource efficiency and the objectives set out in the raw materials initiative. Therefore, the review of the targets will address in a comprehensive manner the adequacy of the current targets under the three targeted Directives. Targets of the Review Revisit existing quantitative targets in the light of the EU's overall resource efficiency and waste policy and implementation to date Questions to be examined: o Make targets more ambitious? o Introduce more specific targets? o Modify scope to improve consistency across various waste targets? o Address issues related to reporting and statistics? This may lead to the reinforcement of existing targets or to the introduction of new targets. At the same time, the review will look into possible overlaps and, if necessary, identify options to simplify legislation and improve clarity and consistency. 7

8 KEY ASPECTS OF THE FITNESS CHECK The fitness check will focus on the five oldest EU waste stream directives (respectively on sewage sludge, PCB/PCT, packaging waste, end-of-life-vehicles and batteries). The recently reviewed ROHS and WEEE Directives will not be covered. Effectiveness: Progress with respect to targets and initial expectations? Which factors have contributes to or stood in the way of achieving the objectives? Other significant effects? Efficiency: Costs and benefits, best practice, adaption to technical and scientific progress? Coherence: Relation to WFD, inconsistencies, overlaps, obsolete provisions? Relevance: Matching current needs, resource efficiency, raw materials policy, gaps? This will include analysis of costs (e.g. impacts in terms of administrative burdens) and benefits for public authorities and companies, particularly SMEs. The fitness check will also analyze whether and to what extent the five older pieces of legislation are consistent with new policy approaches (e.g. waste hierarchy, life-cycle thinking) and current policy goals (e.g. on resource efficiency and raw materials). The Fitness check includes a focused stakeholder consultation, but no general public consultation. FITNESS CHECK: TIME LINE AND PREVIOUS STUDIES Jan. 213 Apr. 214: external study, building on previous studies and implementation reports Literature and empirical research Focussed stakeholder consultation ( public consultation) October 213: stakeholder workshop on preliminary findings to be discussed and then refined in until delivery of final evaluation report in March 214 Previous studies: Commission staff working document (211) accompanying the Communication on the Thematic Strategy on the Prevention and Recycling of Waste Study on coherence of waste legislation 29 Study on coherence of waste legislation 211 Study on green growth (21) Study on market-based instruments for waste management (212) Study on the feasibility of a waste implementation agency (21) Follow-up study on the implementation of Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste in EU-25 (27) 8

9 GDP AND PACKAGING CONSUMPTION IN AUSTRIA % (1991 = 1) GDP Packaging consumption Sources: ARA, Statistics Austria, WIFO (BIP), Prognos (packaging consumption ), Federal Ministry of Environment (packaging consumption ), reading Dec. 212 DECOUPLING PACKAGING CONSUMPTION AND GDP IN THE EU (EU 15) % (1998 = 1) GDP 1 8 Packaging consumption Europen, Packaging and Packaging Waste Statistics

10 DG ENVIRONMENT AND EEA: DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL OF MUNICIPAL WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT FOR ALL EU MEMBER STATES. The model will be used to develop scenarios which aid understanding of the gap between likely waste management performance in specific Member States and the targets for recycling, recovery and landfill diversion under existing legislation. It will then be used to quantify the impact of different scenarios in respect of impacts on the environment, including (but not limited to) greenhouse gas emissions, job creation, and costs. The model is also intended to be used for the review of the targets. It is an important tool for national and pan-european strategic planning. To be used to best effect, consultation with relevant stakeholders will be organized during 213. All relevant technical documentation relating to the model, along with the results of scenarios being modeled, will be published during the course of the project. SECONDARY RAW MATERIAL MARKETS ( /T) PE-foil/PET Sources Folien: KI Ø PE-LD Standard-Thermoplaste (Neuware) Paper Kaufhausaltpapier EUWID Mittelwert PET: ICIS Lor Bottle Grade Ø bis 27 East/West Europe, ab 28 FD Europe (Neuware) PE-LD PET Scrap E1 / Aluminium 1.2 Sources: Alu Blechabfälle, EUWID Mittelwert Europäische Stahlschrott-Preisindices, Schredderschrott, EUWID (ab 27) Wood 3 Holz EUWID Mittelwert

11 [million t] ANTHROPOGENIC STOCKS AND URBAN MINING: COPPER 1, 8 Geogenic stocks (ore) Anthropogenic stocks: buildings, infrastructure, products and goods Landfills Rechberger, EU COMMISSION S CONSULTATION: GREEN PAPER ON A EUROPEAN STRATEGY ON PLASTIC WASTE IN THE ENVIRONMENT Plastic Waste is a key element in the political discussion in nearly all member states. Easy solutions are very quickly published again and again by some interest groups, with the risk of causing major challenges for the compliance schemes. Plastic is mostly used in packaging as a low-cost one-way product that is most often not reusable or not foreseen for reuse. The plastics converting market is dominated by plastic packaging (4.1%) followed by the building and construction sector (2.4%). The Plastics industry expects a long-term growth of around 4% globally, well ahead of expected global GDP growth. The public consultation runs to 7 June

12 GREEN PAPER ON A EUROPEAN STRATEGY ON PLASTIC WASTE IN THE ENVIRONMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Plastic waste, description of a growing problem 2. Regulation addressing plastic waste in Europe 3. Plastic waste management and resource efficiency 4. The international dimension 5. Policy options for improving management of plastic waste in Europe 5.1. Application of the waste hierarchy to plastic waste management 5.2. Achievement of targets, plastic recycling and voluntary initiatives 5.3. Targeting consumer behaviour 5.4. Towards more sustainable plastics 5.5. Durability of plastics and plastic products 5.6. Promotion of biodegradable plastics and bio-based plastics 5.7. EU initiatives dealing with marine litter including plastic waste 5.8. International action TRENDS IN PACKAGING PRODUCTION Plastic Packaging: - less material, less weight - multi-layer materials to optimise shelf life - optically attractive and well printable - increase in bio-plastics Metal Packaging: - innovation -> new compound materials -> frustration free packaging - quality -> especially for packaging for hazardous goods - communication to the end consumer -> primary function of packaging is to protect the goods and to transport information for the consumer but not to become waste in the end 12

13 BILLERUD (212): THE EUROPEAN CONSUMER PERSPECTIVE KNOWLEDGE FOR THE FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF SMARTER PACKAGING (I) Good for Me and the World Consumers still see packaging as waste. Expectations recyclable, environmentally friendly packaging no package in a package (secondary packaging) packaging that keeps products fresh for longer less packaging at all, no waste of resources Consumers seek intuitive packaging - packaging that is easy to find: positive connotation and aesthetical design easy to use: clever functions that do work, no tools needed for opening easy to store: gets smaller the more you use of the product easy to throw away or easy to reuse (added value) honest: reflects the content (e.g. healthy / unhealthy) Future of Packaging Billerud, 212 THE EUROPEAN CONSUMER PERSPECTIVE KNOWLEDGE FOR THE FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF SMARTER PACKAGING (II) Consumers prefer sustainable packaging (packaging that feels good and friendly ) producer s responsibility to deliver reliable everyday products that are good for the environment, people s own health and other people s wellbeing (ethical aspects) easy and trustworthy communication (many consumers are uncertain of the meaning of logos and labels) Consumers still suffer from consumer blindness: easy and straightforward choices out of a flood of messages and the influences from the surrounding world: previous experiences well known brands attractive design with a second life Consumers are hard to convince with packaging sensitiveness towards obviously bad functions (which stop purchase) higher than towards clever functions (which trigger purchase). more risks than opportunities regarding packaging development from a consumer perspective Future of Packaging Billerud,

14 SINUS META-MILIEUS IN WESTERN EUROPE SINUS (21) THE AUSTRIA SINUS MILIEUS Integral (212) 14

15 SINUS MILIEUS AND SEPARATE COLLECTION OF PACKAGING WASTE, AUSTRIA 212 above average average below average Integral (212) Copyright 213 ARA is the owner of all intellectual property rights in relation to this presentation and all parts thereof. All rights reserved. This presentation does not constitute a permission to use the intellectual property of ARA or third parties. Any use or distribution to third parties without ARA s prior written consent is strictly prohibited. Reproduction, modification, translation, use of data or charts contained, and display by means of photographic reproduction or other, as well as storage on, or modification in, systems for retrieval is strictly prohibited. Disclaimer The information and assessments contained in this presentation reflect the status at the time of its writing. ARA disclaims any legal liability or responsibility for the completeness and accuracy of the information provided, and the assessments made, in this presentation. Upon dissemination, the authors do not undertake to provide consultancy services to the recipients of this presentation. The authors reserve the right to make alterations and/or amendments at any time. The authors do not undertake to provide the recipients of this presentation with additional information or updates, if so required.. 15