OFFSHORE SOLAR GENERATION

Transcription

1 International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology (IJEET) Volume 9, Issue 5, September-October 2018, pp , Article ID: IJEET_09_05_010 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: Journal Impact Factor (2016): (Calculated by GISI) IAEME Publication OFFSHORE SOLAR GENERATION Roma Patel and Chaudhari Digisha Graduate Students, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India Anuradha Deshpande and Alpa Champaneria Guide, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India ABSTRACT The objective of this paper is a Study on Power Generation Analysis of Floating PV System Considering Environmental Impact. The floating photovoltaic system is a new concept in energy technology to meet the needs of recent time. The system integrates existing land based Load with a newly developed floating photovoltaic technology. Because module temperature of floating PV system is lower than that of overland PV system, the floating PV system has 10% better generation efficiency than overland PV system. Offshore Solar Generation is better present technology. The paper has demonstrated application of off shore solar generation for AC and DC load Key words: offshore, onshore, PV cell, Buoyancy principle, Inverters, DC-DC boost converter. Cite this Article: Roma Patel, Chaudhari Digisha, Anuradha Deshpande and Alpa Champaneria, Offshore Solar Generation. International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology, 9(5), 2018, pp INTRODUCTION Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such a sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal heat. Renewable energy often provides energy in four important areas: electricity generation, air and water heating/cooling, transportation and rural (off -grid) energy service. Solar energy technologies potentially suitable for use in ocean environments include concentrating solar power technology and photonic technology. Since Ocean cover more than 70% of the earth s surface, they received an enormous amount of solar energy. Deep ocean currents, waves, and winds all are result of the sun s radiant energy and differential heating of the earth s surface and oceans. The Offshore solar Generation holds importance. Generally offshore means away from or at some distance from the shore.[1] In general application, the term OFFSHORE is usually taken to mean that part of the ocean where the present mud line is below the level of 93 editor@iaeme.com

2 Offshore Solar Generation Lowest Astronomical Tide (L.A.T). Offshore solar generation is also called floating solar generation. The Difference between Offshore and Onshore Solar. OFFSHORE 1. Renewable energy Generated on water [1]. 2. Temperature is less than of onshore. 3. Terminal Voltage is higher. ONSHORE 1. Renewable energy Generated on land [2]. 2. Temperature is higher than of offshore. 3. Terminal Voltage is lesser compare to Offshore Advantages Efficiency: The water surrounding a floating solar panel cools the panel and increases efficiency. Evaporation: Placing solar panel cover on a reservoir, lake, or other body of water prevents evaporation. Land usage: Placing solar farms on reservoirs allows land to be available for other uses. Environment: Offshore solar generation is ecofriendly Disadvantages Cost: floating mounting systems are more expensive than regular platforms. Initial cost is high. Maintenance: maintenance is much more difficult. ground-mounted Figure 1 Represents offshore Figure 2 Represents onshore 2. MODELLING 2.1. PV Cell Model A simplest equivalent circuit of a solar cell is a current source in parallel with a diode in fig[4].. The output of the current source is directly proportional to the solar energy that hits on the solar cell.during darkness, the solar cell is not an active device; it works as a diode, i.e. a 94 editor@iaeme.com

3 Roma Patel, Chaudhari Digisha, Anuradha Deshpande and Alpa Champaneria p-n junction. It produce neither a current nor a voltage. However, if it is allowed to connect to an external source it generates a current Id, called diode current. Figure 3 Complete Block diagram of solar PV system Figure. 4 Represents simplest equivalent circuit diagram of PV cell Equations which define the model of PV cell which are given below: V t = (1) V oc =V t ln( (2) I d = [ -1]I s N (3) I s = I rs ( ) 3 e [ ( - ) (4) I sh = (5) I ph = G k [I sc +k 1 (T op -T ref )] (6) I = I ph N p - I d - I sh (7) 2.2. Floating Solar With DC Load Figure 5 Block diagram of offshore solar with DC load 95 editor@iaeme.com

4 2.3. Floating Solar With AC Load Offshore Solar Generation DC-DC Boost Converter Figure 6 Block diagram of offshore solar with AC load Figure 6 Block diagram of DC-DC boost converter for floating solar with AC load Calculations For a solar PV output of 2.7 V dc, design a boost converter with output voltage V, supply current 1 A, switching frequency 20 KHZ. The output voltage is, V 0 =17.64 = k = 0.8 The tolerable limit of voltage and current ripple are 20% and 40% respectively. I 0 =0.5 A I=0.4 C == = 5.71µF L === 0.27mH Simulation of DC-DC Boost Converter with 2.7 V, V 0 = V, L= 0.27 mh, C= 5.71 µf 2.4. Buoyancy Calculation The buoyancy force can be calculated with the equation F b = V s *D*g (8) Where, V s = volume of the solar plate, D= density of water, g = gravity Volume = length * width* height = 0.56* 0.42* 0.02 = m3 Density of Water=1000 kg/ m3 Standard Force of gravity = 9.81 Newton/Kilogram Fb = *1000*9.81 = Newton Force of gravity G = mass of object * 9.81 m/s 2 massof object = solar plate weight+ charge controller weight+ inverter weight = 1kg + 0.3kg+0.2kg =1.5 kg 96 editor@iaeme.com

5 Roma Patel, Chaudhari Digisha, Anuradha Deshpande and Alpa Champaneria G = 1.5 * 9.81 = Newton If the force of buoyancy is greater than force of gravity, the object will float. 3. SIMULATION 3.1. DC DC Boost Converter Figure 7 Simulation diagram of DC-DC boost converter for floating solar with AC load Figure 8 Block parameters Vdc 97 editor@iaeme.com

6 Offshore Solar Generation Figure 9 Block parameters L 1, R 1,C 1 and IGBT editor@iaeme.com

7 Roma Patel, Chaudhari Digisha, Anuradha Deshpande and Alpa Champaneria Figure 10 Parameters of DC DC boost converter 99

8 3.2. Single Phase PWM Inverter Offshore Solar Generation Figure 11 Simulation diagram of single phase inverter of floating solar with AC load Single Phase Inverter: Input voltage = 220 V dc Reference Wave: Amplitude = 1V Frequency = 50 HZ carrier Wave: Time period= [0 0.25e e e -4 1e -4 ] Amplitude= [ ] Figure 12 Block parameters for ideal DC voltage source editor@iaeme.com

9 Roma Patel, Chaudhari Digisha, Anuradha Deshpande and Alpa Champaneria Figure 13 Block parameters for IGBT-2 Figure 14 Source block parameters of discrete PWM generator

10 4. RESULTS (a)waveform of dc-dc boost converter of L Offshore Solar Generation. Figure 15 output waveform across L of dc-dc converter. (b)waveform of dc-dc boost converter of idiode Figure. 16 Output waveform across diode of dc-dc converter (c) Waveform of dc-dc boost converter of V load Figure. 17 Output waveform of voltage across load of dc-dc converter (d)waveform of dc-dc boost converter of Ic Figure. 18 Output waveform of Ic of dc-dc converter editor@iaeme.com

11 Roma Patel, Chaudhari Digisha, Anuradha Deshpande and Alpa Champaneria (e)waveform of dc-dc boost converter of Vce (f)waveform of Inverter of I load Figure. 19 Output waveform of Vce of dc-dc converter (g) Waveform of Inverter of V inverter Figure. 20 Output waveform of I load of dc-dc converter Figure. 21 Output waveform of V inverter of dc-dc converter 5. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS (A) For D.C Load Figure 22 Hardware Model of floating solar with DC load connected editor@iaeme.com

12 Offshore Solar Generation Figure 23 Hardware Model of floating solar with inclination with DC load connected (B)For A.C load Figure 24 Hardware Model of floating solar with and without inclination with AC load connected 6. CONCLUSIONS The floating PV system is deeply studied and verified experimentally in this paper, which has verified that the generating efficiency of floating PV system is superior by 10% and more.the capital cost of using solar power can be large but in the long term it usually becomes cheaper than fossil fuel.offshore solar power can be used for grid connectivity as well as for standalone application.offshore solar power can be used for solar harvesting system. REFERENCES [1] Samuel Tawiah1, Solomon Adjei Marfo2, and Daniel Benah Jnr2 Solar power for sustainable offshore petroleum exploration and production in Africa. Published in Search and Discovery Article#42027 (2017). Posted March 20,2017. [2] Floating solar power plant in West Bengal, India. (

13 Roma Patel, Chaudhari Digisha, Anuradha Deshpande and Alpa Champaneria [3] Data sheet TP300 (June 2015) [4] Data sheet TP250 (June 2015) [5] India's largest floating solar power plant opens in Kerala,Dec 05, 2017, PM IST [6] Buoyancy Principle >wiki > Buoyancy