USING REAL -TIME TELEMETRY SYSTEM FOR ASSESSING WATER QUALITY AND IMPROVING ROUTINE MONITORING

Transcription

1 Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation National Water Research Center Drainage Research Institute USING REAL -TIME TELEMETRY SYSTEM FOR ASSESSING WATER QUALITY AND IMPROVING ROUTINE MONITORING BY Habash A. El-Sadek A. and Shaban M.

2 CONTENTS Introduction and Problems Definition. Research Objectives. Methodology. Results and Discussions. Conclusions and Recommendations.

3 Introduction and Problems Definition.

4 Water Resources in Egypt River Nile 55.5 Wastewater 0.70 Agriculture drainage water reuse in the Delta 5.20 Total BCM Rainfall and Floods 1.00 Groundwater in the Deserts and Sinai 0.57 Groundwater in the Valley and the Delta 4.8

5 CHALLENGES 20% of urban areas are not caught in sewers Non-Point Sources Rural Areas 92% of rural areas are not caught in sewers Urban Areas Livestock Production Many industries discharge inadequately treated / untreated wastewater into the system Suburbans Random Industrial Areas Point Sources

6 NEEDS FOR MONITORING In General, water quality data are needed to { Assess compliance with standards; { Facilitate impact assessment studies; { Validate & calibrate models and establish a databases; { Conduct research; { Define WQ problem;

7 I W 0 6 I W 1 0 I M 0 3 B e n i M a z a r I E 1 3 I E 1 9 I E 2 0 I E 1 4 Monitoring Sites in Upper Egypt and Nile Branches NL43 NL42 NL46 NL41 NL45 NL40 NL44 NL39 NL38 NL37 Outfalls to Northern Lakes 15 sites Monitoring Sites in Fayoum IU04 DU37 IU05 DU35 NL36 DU36 NL25 NL34 NL33 NL32 NL31 NL30 NL29 IU03 NL24 IU02 NL35 DU43 DU42 DU41 DU40 DU39 DU38 NL28 NL27 NL26 Nile Delta Irrigation Canals 50 sites Drains 116 sites IF08 DF06 DF07 IF09 DF04 DF08 DF05 DF03 DF02 DF01 Irrigation Canals 4 sites Drains 8 sites IF04 IF03 DU34 IU01 DU33 NL23 NL22 DU31 NL21 NL20 DU32 DU30 DU29 NL19 NL18 DU27 IU06 IU07 NAWQAM Baseline Phase NRI Network NL (River Nile) NL17 NL16 DU28 NL15 DU25 NL14 NL13 DU24 DU26 DU23 DU22 DU21 NL12 DU20 NL11 DU19 DU18 NL10 IU09 IU08 DU17 NL09 DU16 DU15 DU (Drains Upper $ IU Egypt (Irrigation ) Canal Upper NL01 Egypt ) NL07 DU07 NL06 NL05 NL04 NL08 DU14 DU13 DU12 DU11 DU10 DU09 DU08 DU05 DU06 DU04 DU03 DU01DU02 NL03 NL02 Nile River Nile Water 48 sites Irrigation Canals 9 sites Drains 43 sites Lake Naser 4 sites

8 NATIONAL WATER QUALITY MONITORING PROGRAM DW (Drains Western Delta) IW (Irrigation canal Western DW34 DM35 DM29 DM26 DM33 DM34 DW33 DM38 DM42 DM25 DM08 DM09 IE04 DM44 DM31 DM24 DM32 DW12 DM21 DM41 DE37 DW13 DM23 DW19 DW11 DM40 DW17 DW18 DW14 DM39 DM28 DM20 DW16 DW27 DW10 DM07 Irrigation Canals DM19 IM10 IM13 DE38 IE13 DE35 DW30 DW28 DW15 DW09 DM37 DW29 DM18 DE36 DW04 Sites DE10 DM17 DM45 DE16 DW31 DW26 DW08 DW03 DM36 IM09 DE09 DW23 DW02 IE03 DE15 DE42 IE19 DW25 DW22 Drains & Outfalls DM16 44 IW06 IM03 IM08 DM14 DE06 DE07 DE11 DE08 IE20 DW24 DW07 DE43 DE32 DW20 Sites DE05 DE33 DW21 IW05 IM07 DE12 DW32 DW06 DE04 DE30 DE03 IE14 DM43 DE13 DE31 DW38 DW01 DM15 IM02 DE01 DE29 IW01 IW10 DM13 DW39 DW05 IE08 IW02 IM06 DE28 DM02 DM04 DE14 DM01 DM12 DE27 DW35 IE07 DM03 IE02 DM11 DE26 DW36 IE06 DE34 IM05 Irrigation Canals 21 DM10 IE15 IE12 IM01 Sites IE17 DM06 DE24 IM04 DE25 IE01 Drains & Outfalls DE40 48 DE41 DE23 DM05 DE22 Irrigation Canals 16 Sites Drains & Outfalls 39 Sites DW37 DM30 DM27 Tawfik Rayah IE10 DE21 DE20 DE19 DE17 DE18 Sites DE15 IE11 El Salam Canal DRI/MADWQ NAWQAM Baseline Phase Recommende d (Drainage network) (Irrigation network) DE (Drains Eastern Delta) IE (Irrigation canal Eastern Delta) DM (Drains Middle Delta) IM (Irrigation canal Middle Delta)

9 MONITORED PARAMETERS Chemical EC, TDS, ph Na, K, Ca, Mg Cl,SO 4,HCO 3,CO 3 Physical Parameters Temperature Odor, Color Turbidity Microbiology Total Coliform

10 MONITORED PARAMETERS Nutrients N - (NH4,NO3) P - (P 2 O 5 ) Heavy Metals Fe Mn Pb Cu Oxygen budget O2 BOD COD Zn

11 Sampling Frequency Sampling frequency is a function of the statistical objective of the monitoring program. More measurements will increase the precision, reduce the bias, and increase the power of the statistical component of the program but will increase the overall monitoring cost. The MWRI take 12 samples.

12 Routine Monitoring Program Discharge measurement using current meter Automatic water quality monitoring station` Sampling and in-situ water quality measurements

13 LABORATORY ANALYSIS

14 Disadvantage of Routine Water Quality Monitoring In routine WQM, water samples are typically collected and stored for shipment to a laboratory, where they are analyzed. The time interval between data records is long too much. The system can not detect the pollutions in the same time. The decision maker has not enough knowledge to take the fast solution to solve any sudden problems in the water quality.

15 Research Objectives

16 Objectives The objectives of this study are to: Introduce the RWQM technology for Egypt. Assess the water quality changes in selected strategic points that represent the River Nile water system using Real Time monitoring. Using (WQI) to evaluate the suitability of water bodies for various uses such as drinking, irrigation, livestock, etc. Evaluate different sampling frequencies for selected water quality parameters and propose the most efficient (economic) sampling frequency that may be used for routine monitoring within the NWQMN.

17 Real Time Water Quality Monitoring System Advantages of Real Time Data: 1) Increasing data-collection frequency provides an improved understanding of cause-and-effect relations that result in observed water-quality characteristics. 2) Notifying water resource managers in real time, eliminating delay between sample collection and lab analysis may be critical for warning the public. 4) Decreasing time and costs associated with routine sampling. 5) Measuring water quality changes at night and during storms when samples are seldom collected and when storm events can have major effects on concentrations and loads.

18 Methodology RTWQM System Set up Assessing water quality on the Nile River Sampling frequency

19 RTWQM System Set up

20 Real Time Water Quality Monitoring Sites 1. NL03A: Aswan 2. NL34 : Ismailia Intake 3. NL39 : El Salam Intake (Damietta Branch) 4. NL42 : Benowvar (Rosetta Branch) Fourth Reach Third Reach Second Reach First Reach NL Nile Locations DU Drainage Locations IU Irrigation Locations RTWQ Locations Lake Nasser

21 Monitoring Location NL03A in Aswan

22 Monitoring Location NL34 at Ismailia Intake in Cairo.

23 Monitoring Location NL39 on the Damietta branch.

24 Monitoring Location NL42 on the Rosetta branch

25 RTWQ System Description: 1.Station Design The station contains two main parts : Hydrolab sonde Data logger to record data Hydrolab sonde Data logger

26 2.Sampling Equipment The equipments can be categorized in three parts: Sensors. Power Source. Data retrieval system. (Power Source) Solar Cell Data retrieval system (Laptop and Modem) Power Source (Betray) Sensors

27 3. Sensor Deployment The water quality instrument is placed in the downstream end of a 3 to 6 m length and 7 to10 cm diameter of PVC pipe that has the lower 1.5 m slotted Sensors.

28 4.Communication System

29 5.Monitored Parameters Temperature. Specific Conductivity (SC). Dissolved Oxygen (DO). ph. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). Turbidity (Tur). Ammonium. Nitrates.

30 Calibration Work

31 WATER QUALITY INDEX

32 Water Quality Index f 2 f 2 WQl f 2 3 Scope (F1) - number of variables not meeting water quality objectives Frequency (F2) - the number of times the objectives are not met Amplitude (F3) - the extent to which objectives exceeded.

33 WQI Categorization RANKING WATER QUALITY VALUE Excellent Good Fair Marginal Poor 0-44

34 Water Quality Index Results During Low Flow WQI Scores and Rankings for Nile River Site NL39 Data Summary Drinking Irrigation Livestock WQI Category Fair Fair Fair F1(Scope) F2(Frequency) F3(Amplitude)

35 Water Quality Index Results During High Flow WQI Scores and Rankings for Nile River Site NL39 Data Summary Drinking Irrigation Livestock WQI Category Fair Fair Fair F1(Scope) F2(Frequency) F3(Amplitude)

36 Sampling frequency

37 Data sets combinations Six (6) data subset were developed as following: Subset A (n= 6 samples/year) measurements started at 20 February Subset B (n = 6 samples / year) measurements started at 20 January Subset C (n = 12 samples / year) measurements started at 20February Subset D (n = 24 samples / year) measurements started at 20 February Subset E (n = 36 samples / year) measurements started at 20 February Subset F (n = 48 samples / year) measurements started at 20 February 2009.

38 Turb. (NTU) ph Median Changes at different sampling frequencies for WQPs at NL39 TDS (mg/l) DO (mg/l) % % sample (A) 6 sample (B) 12 sample 24 sample 36 sample 48 sample sample (A) 6 sample (B) 12 sample 24 sample 36 sample 48 sample % 2.77 % sample (A) 6 sample (B) 12 sample 24 sample 36 sample 48 sample sample (A) 6 sample (B) 12 sample 24 sample 36 sample 48 sample

39 Turb. (NTU) TDS (mg/l) ph DO (mg/l) Range values at different sampling frequencies for WQPs at NL % % sample per year(a) 6 sample per year(b) 12 sample 24 sample 36 sample48 sample sample per year(a) 6 sample per year(b) 12 sample 24 sample 36 sample 48 sample % % sample per year(a) 6 sample per year(b) 12 sample 24 sample 36 sample48 sample sample per year(a) 6 sample per year(b) 12 sample 24 sample 36 sample 48 sample

40 Conclusion The final output obtained proved that the RTWQ water quality monitoring system is a powerful tool in tracking the water quality status in near real time conditions. The system allows detecting any sudden changes in the quality and permits to have fast reactions based on accurate information. The optimal sampling frequency for the measured water quality parameters is six (6) samples. This will significantly reduce the overall cost of the monitoring program facilitating financial resources for better network management.

41 Conclusion (cont.) The drinking water quality category for the River Nile site (NL39) was fair for low and high flow rates, respectively. The irrigation and livestock water quality category was fair in both cases (low and high flow rates).

42 Recommendations The system is strongly recommended to be expanded to cover other strategic water quality monitoring locations. It is recommended to follow the QC/QA that describes the life time for each sonde. This may be achieved by finding more funds, this will also ensure system sustainability. The performance of the already existed real time water quality stations can be improved through adding more sensors to detect more physical and chemical parameters.

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