Building as an Organism

Transcription

1 Building as an Organism... Understanding the Integrative Process Credit in LEED v4 Projects John Boecker, AIA, LEED Fellow

2 Learning Objectives:! Explain why integra0ve design is the key to cost- effec0ve, high performance green buildings and LEED projects. Recognize the benefit of gathering data about water, energy, habitat, and materials prior to the goal- seeng charrefe. Understand how to obtain input from key stakeholders and members of the design team before schema0c design begins. Convey the importance of integra0ng technology with natural systems rather than superimposing it on natural systems.

3 Why Integrative Process? What are the primary environmental imperatives we currently face? Potable Water Climate Change Resource Destruction Habitat Health Pollution/Toxins

4 What is Integrative Process?... the intelligent integration of people and technology with nature... but for what purpose?

5 What is Integrative Process?... begin with definitions Integrate: to make into a whole by bringing all parts together; unify Whole: containing all components; complete; not injured Heal: to make whole* Are we healing? Are we wholing? ** from the Proto-Germanic khailaz, meaning to make whole, which is the source of the Old English haelan, meaning make whole, sound, and well.

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11 What is Integrative Process?... revisited Addresses interrelationships between:... the four key subsystems Earth Wind Fire Water Habitat Water Energy Materials Outcome: the health of all systems

12 What is Integrative Process? A process for discovering the mutually beneficial interrelationships between: Habitat Water Energy Materials... for the purpose of participating in the health of the place

13 Natural Systems as Our Model for Interrelationships From Permaculture Designers Manual, Bill Mollison

14 Natural Systems as Our Model Image from Biohabitats, Inc.

15 Environmental Imperatives... One System Potable Water Climate Change Resource Destruction Habitat Health Pollution/Toxins

16 Integrative Process: Building as an Organism Systems Integration: Understanding relationships between systems Not a set of component parts Holistic, non-linear process Downsize or eliminate systems Analysis Tools Energy modeling as a DESIGN tool Daylighting modeling Materials analysis and impacts

17 Case Study Example: HVAC System Sizing Combining systems impacts to reduce cooling capacity Air Conditioning ft2/ton Standard office building PA DEP Spec 600 PA DEP Cambria Case Study 663

18 Case Study Example: Systems Impacts on Other Systems How does your interior paint color affect HVAC system costs? Connections: Paint Lighting HVAC Sizing for cooling Coefficients of Utilization PRU-9-A-04-2T8-SC-YMW-S-120 Floor effective floor cavity reflectance =.20 Ceiling Wall RCR # of light fixtures = footcandles x area lumens x LLF x CU = 25% Reduction

19 Case Study Example: Team Process Encourage each team member to think outside their discipline Relocation of Mechanical Room: Original Design for mechanical room Penthouse Optimized Design Net First Cost Impact = $ 40,000 Reduction

20 Integrative Process Team The Composite Master Builder Building Users Architect Owner Community Members Facilities Management Staff Structural Engineer Client Planning Staff Mechanical Engineer Electrical Engineer Civil Engineer Landscape Architect Daylighting & Energy Modeler Commissioning Authority Facilities O&M Staff MEP Subcontractors General Contractor Construction Manager Product Manufacturers Cost Estimator

21 Four Key Sub-Systems Habitat: Human, earth, and biotic systems Water: Water quality and conservation, hydrology, soils Energy: Energy efficiency and sources, microclimates, building use Materials: Local material sources and waste opportunities

22 Integrative Process Overview

23 IEQ Integrative Process Implementation Map Habitat Water Energy Materials Habitat Water Energy Materials Habitat Water Energy Materials The essential structure repeats: RESEARCH / ANALYSIS WORKSHOP M E $ RESEARCH / ANALYSIS WORKSHOP

24 Integrative Process

25 Integration Process Roadmap

26 Integrative Process - Approved ANSI Standard Guide Integrative Process (IP) ANSI/MTS Consensus Standard Guide 2.0 for Design and Construction of Sustainable Buildings and Communities

27 LEED v4 Integrative Process Credit Intent To support high-performance, cost-effective project outcomes through an early analysis of the interrelationships among systems. Requirements Beginning in pre-design and continuing throughout the design phases, identify and use opportunities to achieve synergies across disciplines and building systems described below. Use the analyses to inform the owner s project requirements (OPR), basis of design (BOD), design documents, and construction documents.

28 LEED v4 Integrative Process Credit... 2-Part Structure Energy-Related Systems Discovery: Perform a preliminary simple box energy modeling analysis before the completion of schematic design that explores how to reduce energy loads. Implementation: Document how the above analysis informed design and building form decisions in the project s OPR/ BOD and the eventual design of the project. Water -Related Systems Discovery: Perform a preliminary water budget analysis before the completion of schematic design that explores how to reduce potable water loads. Implementation: Document how the above analysis informed building and site design decisions in the project s OPR and BOD.

29 LEED v4 Integrative Process Credit Energy-Related Systems Discovery: Perform a preliminary simple box energy modeling analysis to assess at least two potential strategies associated with each of the following: Site conditions Massing and orientation Basic envelope attributes Lighting levels Thermal comfort ranges Plug and process load needs Programmatic and operational parameters

30 Solar Orientation Clearview Sundial: Gnomon 27' high, 7' from wall D J/N F/O M/S Height A/A J M/J Distance from Center

31 Preparation Site Data

32 Initial Energy Performance Targets EPA Energy Target Finder Cost Difference: $17,989 per year Energy Difference: 1,072,509 kbtu per year

33 Simple Box Energy Modeling

34 Load distributions & initial comparisons Energy 10 simulations

35 Daylight Modeling

36 Case Study Example: Downsize and/or Eliminate Systems Elimination of Perimeter Heating System High Performance Windows: + $15,000 Perimeter Heating System: - $25,000 Down-sized HVAC System: - $10,000 Net First Cost Impact = - $20,000

37 LEED v4 Integrative Process Credit Energy-Related Systems Implementation: Document how the simple box energy modeling analysis informed the following, as applicable: Building and site program Building form and geometry Building envelope and façade treatments on different orientations Elimination and/or significant downsizing of building systems Other systems

38 Integrative Design Process Examples Big Savings cost less than Small Savings Less first cost is needed to save 60% energy than to save 20% energy.

39 Case Study Example: Neptune Township Community School NJ Elementary School & Community Center - 145,600 GSF Image from SSP Architectural Group

40 Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs) 13 EEMs analyzed: solar orientation R27 wall w/ blown cellulose R30 roof insulation triple pane windows LPD = 0.92 W/sf solar shading light shelves daylight dimming ground source heat pumps underfloor supply air demand controlled ventilation energy recovery units

41 Energy Modeling Parametric Runs Individual EEMs Individual EEM EEM Design Runs ASHRAEBudget Building Daylighting Daylighting (1W/sqft) (1W/sqft) Wood Frame Triple Pane R27 Metal Frame Walls R30Roof Insulation Estimated Operating Costs Electric $124,184 $106,134 $115,969 $116,462 $119,786 Gas $25,882 $27,350 $24,981 $24,366 $25,095 Total $150,067 $133,483 $140,950 $140,827 $144,881 Cost/SqFt $1.03 $0.92 $0.97 $0.97 $0.99 Building Energy Use (Mbtus) Electric (MBtu) 3, , , , ,770.9 Gas (MBtu) 3, , , , ,346.0 Total (MBtu) 7, , , , ,116.8 HVAC System Size Heating (kbtu/h) 1, , , , ,283.8 Cooling (Tons) EEM Economics EEM Savings NA $16,584 $9,117 $9,240 $5,186 EEM Costs (see note 2) NA $90,350 $69,896 $46,302 $41,789 Payback Payback NA

42 Energy Modeling Parametric Runs Combination Runs EEM Combination Design Runs EEM Combination Design Runs ASHRAE EEMs w/ Daylighting GSHP EEMs w/ Daylighting ASHRAE ASHRAE AHSRAE GSHP GSHP Budget Blg Plus EEMs 1 EEMs 1 w/ Daylighting Plus EEMs 1 EEMs w/ Daylighting Estimated Operating Costs Electric $124,184 $90,764 $87,624 $72,547 $69,901 Gas $25,882 $25,347 $25,531 $0 $0 Total $150,067 $116,111 $113,155 $72,547 $69,901 Cost/SqFt $1.03 $0.80 $0.78 $0.50 $0.48 Building Energy Use (Mbtus) Electric (MBtu) 3, , , , ,252.9 Gas (MBtu) 3, , , Total (MBtu) 7, , , , ,252.9 HVAC System Size Heating (Btu/h) 1, Cooling (Tons) EEM Savings/year EEM Economics $36,912 $80,166 EEM Savings/year NA $33,956 $36,912 $77,520 $80,166 EEM Costs $124,450 -$275,550 EEM Costs NA $34,100 $124,450 -$365,900 -$275, years Payback NA

43 Neutralizing First Costs EEMs in Combination First Cost Annual Savings Simple Payback EEMs combined $124,450 $36, % reduction in GSHP capacity = $400,000 savings Individual EEMs First Cost Annual Savings Simple Payback 40% reduction in HVAC system -$400,000 NA NA Implemented EEMs $124,450 $36, First Cost Annual Savings Simple Payback Holistic Effect -$275,550 $80,166???

44 LEED v4 Integrative Process Credit Water-Related Systems Discovery: Perform a preliminary simple box energy modeling analysis to assess and estimate the project s potential nonpotable water supply sources and water demand volumes, including the following (see related WE credits): Indoor water demand Outdoor water demand Process water demand Supply sources Demonstrate how at least one on-site nonpotable water supply source contributes to at least two of the water demand components listed above.

45 Integrating Water Efficiency Credits Indoor Water Use Reduction Outdoor Water Use Reduction Process Water Use

46 Discovery Site Data

47 Discovery Site Data

48 Water Balance Analysis Image courtesy of Conservation Design Forum, Inc.

49 Water Balance Analysis Image courtesy of Natural Systems International / Biohabitats, Inc.

50 Water Balance Analysis Images courtesy of Conservation Design Forum, Inc. and Bill Reed

51 Water Balance Analysis Images courtesy of Conservation Design Forum, Inc.

52 LEED v4 Integrative Process Credit Water-Related Systems Implementation: Document how the water budget analysis informed the design of the project, including the following, as applicable: plumbing systems sewage conveyance and/or on-site treatment systems rainwater quantity and quality management systems landscaping, irrigation, and site elements roofing systems and/or building form and geometry other systems Demonstrate how at least one on-site nonpotable water supply source contributes to at least two water demand components.

53 Rainwater Harvesting Cascading uses of water LEED for New Construction Credits v2.2 SSc6: Stormwater Management 2 points WEc1: Water Efficient Landscaping - 100% reduction 2 points WEc2: Innovative Wastewater Technologies - 100% reduction 1 point WEc3: Water Use Reduction % reduction 2 points IDc1: Innovation credits for WEc2 & WEc3 exemplary performance 2 points 9 points

54 LEED v4 Integrative Process Credit Step-by-Step Guidance Discovery Steps: Step 1. Become familiar with the integrative process Review the Integrative Process (IP) ANSI Consensus National Standard Guide 2.0 for Design and Construction of Sustainable Buildings and Communities Step 2. Conduct preliminary energy research & analysis (in concert with Step 3) Develop a simple box energy model (assuming a simplified building form) to generate a basic distribution of energy uses and identify dominant energy loads Step 3. Conduct preliminary water research & analysis (in concert with Step 2) Conduct a preliminary water budget analysis to quantify how fixture/equipment selection & nonpotable supply sources may offset potable water use demands Step 4. Convene goal-setting workshop Engage the project owner in a primary project team workshop to determine the project goals, budget, schedule, program, scope, performance, occupant needs

55 LEED v4 Integrative Process Credit Step-by-Step Guidance Discovery Steps: Step 5. Evaluate possible energy strategies (in concert with Step 6) Conduct preliminary comparative energy modeling using the simple box energy model in schematic design to evaluate energy load reduction strategies... Project teams must assess at least two optional strategies for each of 7 aspects: o Site conditions o Massing and orientation o Building envelope attributes o Lighting levels o Thermal comfort ranges o Plug and process loads o Programmatic and operational parameters Step 6. Evaluate possible water strategies (in concert with step 5) Conduct a preliminary water budget analysis using research on potential wateruse reduction strategies (Step 3) o Assess and quantify potential nonpotable supply to offset potable water use for the water demands. Identify at least one on-site nonpotable water source that could supply a portion of at least two demand components

56 LEED v4 Integrative Process Credit Step-by-Step Guidance Implementation Steps: Step 7. Document how analysis informed design and building form Document how energy-related analysis informed design and building form decisions in the project s OPR and BOD, including the following, as applicable: o Building and site program o Building form and geometry o Building envelope and façade treatments on different orientations o Elimination or significant downsizing of building systems (e.g., HVAC, lighting, controls, exterior materials, interior finishes, program elements) o Other systems Document how water-related analysis informed building and site design decisions in the project s OPR and BOD, including the following, as applicable: o Plumbing systems o Sewage conveyance and/or on-site treatment systems o Rainwater quantity and quality management systems o Landscaping, irrigation, and site elements o Roofing systems and/or building form and geometry o Other systems

57 LEED v4 Integrative Process Credit Documentation

58 LEED v4 Integrative Process Credit Documentation

59 LEED v4 Integrative Process Credit Documentation

60 What is Integrative Design?... the key to cost-effective high performance green buildings and LEED projects

61 Questions Image from USGBC