Manned Lunar Base and In Situ Resource Utilization

Transcription

1 PLANETARY EXPLORATION, HORIZON 2061,LAUSANNE Manned Lunar Base and In Situ Resource Utilization How to make humans a multi-planet species? Guo LinLi DFH Satellite Co, Ltd, China Academy of Space Technology adrress: rzltbgd@sina.com

2 CE-4 (2018) CE-5 (2019) CZ-5/Y3 (2019) Chinese Mars Probe (2020) Chinese Space Station(2022) 2 Manned lunar exploration (TBD)

3 Several optional structures of lunar base Rigid cabin structure Inflatable structure Rigid+ flexible structure Construction structure 3

4 Integrated manned lunar base scheme After the completion of China's space station, we will acquire the construction technology of rigid cabin; On this basis, use 3D printing technology to build external protective layer. The top of the base is biological cabin for green plants. The sealed structure of the biological cabin is transparent, which can save energy. An emergency lifesaving spaceship is placed near the base for astronauts emergency escape. 4

5 Main technical indexes of integrated manned lunar base Location: Sinus Iridum; Components: the internal main structure contains three rigid cabins; the external main structure contains protective layer and emergency lifesaving system, with the ability to expand into a large lunar base; Number of astronauts: 3~6 astronauts; Duration of each lunar mission: 3 months Life of base: 8 years; Energy: 180kw, use nuclear reactor + solar array + regenerative fuel cell; Life support method: mainly based on materialized regenerative environmental control, assisted with small-scale controlled ecological life insurance system. 5

6 Internal main structure Contains living cabin, experiment cabin and support cabin. Transported by cargo lunar lander to the construction site. Living cabin and experiment cabin are assumed to be sealing pressure cabin, astronauts live and work in it. Support cabin is also sealing pressure cabin, which provides energy, consumable supplies for the scientific station. 6

7 (1) Configuration of lunar base Safety design Safety backup between cabins: three cabins are equipped with energy, environmental control and thermal control system, once a cabin accident, the remaining cabin can be used as a backup. The support cabin has an emergency area that can be used as a small living room near one end of the living cabin. Number of exits: each cabin has 3 exits, more than 2 safety exits are guaranteed for each cabin. Return to Earth with emergency: use a pressurized lunar rover parked at a safe exit from the lunar base to take off/landing field. 7

8 Habitability design Partition follows two basic principles: Device storage area Noise Fitness area Dining area Laboratory Wash area Recreation area Person Control center Group Bedroom Private area Quiet Daily necessities storage area quiet - noise, personal - group. The work area and the rest area are independent of each other, so the living cabin, the experiment cabin and the support cabin are independent of each other For the living cabin, consider the individual psychological needs, separate the personal health area and catering area. 8

9 (2)Light, electric and environmental thermal control integrated design based on nuclear energy During the day, use solar array and nuclear power to produce energy, use power control system for power supply adjustment and control. Excess energy will electrolyze water generated from regenerative fuel cell into hydrogen and oxygen. During the night, use nuclear power as the main energy, regenerative fuel cell as a backup supply. 9

10 (3)Biological regeneration life support technology 10

11 Biological regeneration life support composition Effectively convert human or animal waste or other nonbiomass into food and oxygen Microorganism Plant Absorbs CO 2, produces O 2 (Photosynthesis) Provide drinking water (Transpiration) Provide food (Food crops and vegetables) Short growth cycle, fast breeding High photosynthetic efficiency Recyclable CO 2 and solid waste Nutrient-rich, can be used as food Algae Animal Provide animal protein, ensure physical health Comfort living habits, ensure mental health Recycling non - edible biomass 11

12 (4) Communication and navigation system Lunar relay satellite system Circumlunar 1 polar orbit 4 satellites navigation constellation scheme Wireless network scheme wireless wide area network established by lunar communication terminal of landing aircraft, lunar rover and lunar base. Lunar base relative navigation scheme Lunar target autonomous relative navigation scheme Lunar terminal navigation scheme Lunar relay satellite navigation Quantum Science Satellite 12

13 (7) Lunar activity and operation Freight mobile lunar lander Unsealed lunar rover Movable lunar landing gear A fixed lunar landing gear 第一台货运着陆器 第二台货运着陆器 对接 第一台载人着陆器 第三台货运着陆器 着陆区 对接 13 13

14 (8) Repair and Maintenance Tiangong-2 accompanying satellite takes photo of Tiangong-2 and Shenzhou-11 Tianzhou-1 cargo spacecraft 14 and Tiangong-2

15 (9) open question input output per capita per day/kg per capita per year/kg oxygen food Drinking water Clean water Total Carbon dioxide Metabolic solid discharge water Metabolites / urine 12.3 Sanitary water 24.7 Cleaning water 55.7 Other Percentage total quality/% of 15

16 (9) open question According to the initial manned lunar base of 6 people, the task cycle is 90 days, and 180 times out of the cabin to calculate the supplies needed. 一级运载器一次性转移飞行器 project Consumption(t) Consumptive articles for 1.66 daily necessities Environmental control 0.81 consumables Drink water 0.38 Extravehicular consumables 1.31 Emergency recharge 1.22 equipment recharge Total 5.38 一级运载器可重复使用转移飞行器 二级运载器一次性使用转移飞行器 二级运载器可重复使用转移飞行器 第一级 ( 一次性 ) 第二级 ( 一次性 ) 第一级 ( 可重复使用 ) 第二级 ( 可重复使用 ) 16 着陆器 ( 一次性 ) 货物

17 ISRU! LLO LEO Lunar Lander The Upper Stage Manned spacecraft Reusable! Cargo LV Manned LV 17

18 Lunar resources sorted by importance: 1 Lunar soil 2 Water ice 3 Helium-3 4 Trace elements 5 Oxygen, hydrogen, iron and other metallic element The total lunar soil thickness was obtained according to the inversion interpolation of CE-1 microwave datas. 6 Lunar environmental resources 18 The CE-1 microwave radiometer.

19 (2)Extraction and utilization of water ice Possible forms of water on the Moon Crystal water combined with mineral; Ice dust mixture with lunar soil; Ice cube or ice layer in the lunar soil. Extraction method of water from ice dust mixture and crystal Ice water resources Heating and distilling Water vapor condensation Water filtration Water acquisition Water exploration method on the Moon Hydrological exploration profile in the south and north pole area, geological radar and ultrasonic detection, rock (soil) core sampling; ; Collect suspected water ice rock and soil samples, analyze and test the sample after returning to earth, then accurately estimate the abundance of water ice on the surface of the moon and its vicinity and the overall reserves. 19

20 The construction of the moon base and the needs of the resident population Air and water: extraction of water and preparation of oxygen Construction of base: Mining of minerals and processing of building materials Daily necessities: glass material processing The needs of lunar production and scientific research Selenographic production: metal structural parts processing, 3D printing manufacturing Scientific research: special experiments, special biologics and materials 20

21 Another possibility? Use of waste! The water and oxygen produced from the in-situ resources are stored in the storage tanks of the landers. Make the most of the resources that are available on the robotic or manned landers. 21

22 The most important goal of the lunar base exploration and utilization of lunar resources is to provide the material support for long-term human survival and work on the moon or mars. Such as oxygen, water, food, energy, and building materials

23 After the CE-5 lunar sample return mission in this year, we will continue to carry out exploration and utilization of lunar resources; Construction of the manned lunar base can not only inherit China's unmanned lunar exploration technology, space station construction technology, also drive the science and technology of lunar 3D printed manufacturing, lunar oxygen and in situ resource utilization, and biological regeneration life support etc. Considering the construction cycle and cost, the future lunar/mars base needs to carry out a wide range of international cooperation and commercial operation. 23

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25 Happy Space Day of China! Please enjoy it with us! Thank you!