Influence of Algae Treatment on Lagoon Odors

Transcription

1 Influence of Algae Treatment on Lagoon Odors

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3 Personnel Principal Investigator Stephen J. Reynolds, Ph.D., CIH Co-Investigators Tim Stanton, Ph.D. Brad Lester, M.S. Marc Cusanelli John Mehaffy, M.S.

4 Regional Community Partners Agsmart Inc. La Luna Dairy, Wellington, Colorado Morwai Dairy, Hudson, Colorado Weld County Commissioners Cooperative Extension CSU Center for Animal Agriculture and Community Enhancement

5 Specific Aims and Objectives 1. Work with community-based partners to conduct project and disseminate findings 2. Implement and evaluate the effectiveness of lagoon algae treatment on reduction of emissions and occupational exposures 1. Measure and quantify occupational exposures 2. Differences in dairy and feedlot size and manure handling practices 3. Evaluate the utility of the Cyranose 320 electronic nose for detection, identification, and quantification

6 Methods Algae System grown on-site in a greenhouse, added to manure by pump, raise dissolved oxygen to above 1.0 mg/ml Total Particulate 37-mm closed-faced cassette Inhalable Particulate IOM sampler with 25-mm filter and SKC Button sampler with 25-mm filter Gas/Vapor Sorbent tubes (charcoal and XAD-7) following NIOSH Analytical Methods

7 Methods Hydrogen Sulfide Jerome 631-X Hydrogen Sulfide Analyzer (Arizona Instruments) real-time measurement ranging from 3ppb to 50ppm Ammonia Dräger Pac III real-time measurement range from 0 to 300ppm Bioaerosols SKC Biosampler and Anderson Two- Stage Jet-to Agar Impactor (mesophilic and gramnegative bacteria, and fungi) Odor and Constituent Gases Scentometer and Cyranose 320 electronic nose

8 Methods Endotoxin Recombinant Factor C Endotoxin Assay (Biowhittaker) Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide Q-Trak (TSI Inc.) direct reading with datalogging DataRam particulate sampling in range from 0.01 to 100 mg/m 3 Grimm real-time size selective evaluation of aerosol counts and mass, size range 0.35 to 20 µm, mass range 0 to 100 µg/l

9 Methods Area Samples by Lagoons Total and Inhalable Particulate and Endotoxin, Gases, Vapors, Bioaerosols, and Meterological data Personal Samples Total and Inhalable Particulate and Endotoxin for Milkers, Pushers, Feeder, Calf Feeders, Vet Techs, and General Maintenance Personnel

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12 Algae System at a Colorado Dairy 1500 cows 60 acre site flushes 250, ,000 gpd recycles wastewater with fresh odor issues with town residents 8 acre lagoon no land application

13 Colorado Dairy PREVAILING WINDS DAIRY ½ MILE HOUSING DEVELOPMENT RR TRACKS ½ MILE HOUSING DEVELOPMENT INTERSTATE HIGHWAY ½ + MILE TOWN HALL

14 Colorado Dairy Set up system June 1, 2003 GOALS: REDUCE ODOR GAIN COMMUNITY ACCEPTANCE

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16 Colorado Dairy DISSOLVED OXYGEN (MG/L) MEASURED AT A DEPTH OF 6 FEET a v e r a g e h i g h / 5 8 / / / / 5 DATA COLLECTED BY COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH TEAM CITY MAYOR & COUNCIL MEMBERS SUPPORTIVE OF AGSMART PROCESS DAIRY ODOR COMPLAINTS DRASTICALLY REDUCED

17 Wastewater Analysis BOD Influent to Pond Effluent to Barns Pond Sample /01/04 04/28/05 09/06/05

18 Wastewater Analysis BOD 5 10/01/04 04/28/05 09/06/05 Influent to Pond 12,640 mg/l 8,688 mg/l 3,924 mg/l Effluent to Barns 12,720 mg/l N/A 3,504 mg/l Pond Sample 12,580 mg/l 8,556 mg/l N/A Colorado Analytical Lab # # #

19 Wastewater Analysis PO /17/03 03/11/04 10/01/04 PO4 (mg/l) Wastewater Analysis PO 4 in mg/l 09/17/ /11/ /01/

20 Colorado Dairy H 2 S LEVELS MEASURED AROUND PERIMETER OF LAGOON DATE MEASURED READING 03/18/04 23 PPB 04/05/ PPB

21 A Direct Comparison 6-Tank System 4-hp Of Aerobic Systems* 139 hp Traditional Mechanical Aeration System VS 556 Micro Diffusers 8-Acre Single Cell Lagoon With 28 Micro Diffusers 8-Acre Single Cell Lagoon With 556 Micro Diffusers Data Compiled By Colorado State University Installation Cost: Less Than $100, Yearly Operation Cost: Less Than $36, * TO OVERCOME13,000-16,000 MG/L BOD LOADING Installation Cost: Greater Than $140, Yearly Operation Cost: Greater Than $.08 / KWH

22 Personal Sample Setup SKC Button Sampler

23 Feeder Sample Setup

24 Lagoon Sample Setup

25 Particulate, Gases, and Vapors

26 Bioaersols

27 Results

28 Scentometer Scentometer Readings at a Colorado Dairy 15 Dilutions to Threshold Maximum Mode Winter 05 Spring Summer Fall Winter 06 Season

29 Hydrogen Sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide Levels at a Colorado Dairy Hydrogen Sulfide (ppb) Minimum Maximum Average 0 Winter 05 Spring Summer Fall Winter 06 Season

30 Ammonia Peak Ammonia Levels at a Colorado Dairy Ammonia Ammonia (ppm) Winter 05 Spring Summer Fall Winter 06 Season

31 Total Particulate 6 Total Particulate by Task and Area Particulate (mg/m 3 ) Lagoon Maint. Milkers Task or Area

32 Total Endotoxin Total Endotoxin by Task and Area Endotoxin (EU/m 3 ) Lagoon Maint. Milkers Task and Area

33 Inhalable Particulate Inhalable Particulate by Task and Area 5 Particulate (mg/m 3 ) Lagoon Calves Sick Cows Maint. Feeder Loader Task or Area

34 Inhalable Endotoxin Inhalable Endotoxin by Task and Area Endotoxin Concentration (EU/m 3 ) Lagoon Calves Sick Cows Maint. Feeder Loader Task or Area

35 Questions? Do you smell that? Nope, we have algae!