Honors 391A Eco-Friendly Building Honors Seminar, Sept. 24, 2012

Transcription

1 New Directions for Bio-Based Based Materials: Structural Composites Honors 391A Eco-Friendly Building Honors Seminar, Sept. 24, 2012 By Dr. Peggi L. Clouston, Ph.D., M.A.Sc., P.Eng. Associate Professor Building and Construction Technology Holdsworth 104 If the 19 th century was the century of steel, and the 20 th century of concrete, then the 21 st century is about engineered timber. Alex de Ruke founder of drmm Architects, London

2 Wood engineering More structurally demanding applications today Prince George Airport, British Columbia, Equilibrium Engineering Inc. The future tall wood 30 story wooden building planned for Vancouver, Canada (Read more: )

3 Building and climate change Buildings in the U.S.: Use 36% of total energy Use 30% of raw materials Use 12% of potable water Produce 30% of total waste Emit 30% of greenhouse gases Source: Kats, Gregory, et al. The costs and benefits of Green Buildings. A report to California s Sustainable Building Task Force, Oct A green building is Energy efficient Resource efficient Durable Non-polluting Adaptable for many uses Beautiful and comfortable Green home in Austria Healthy, few chemicals given off, no mold, fresh air

4 Green building strategies Life Cycle Assessment Study Wood Steel Concrete Air pollution (critical volume measure) Water pollution (critical volume measure) Weighted Resource Use (kg) Embodied Energy (GJ) Global Warming Potential (CO 2 equivalent kg) Source: ATHENA Sustainable Materials Institute / CWC report Energy and the Environment in Residential Construction

5 Carbon is sequestered in trees Wood and wood products store carbon until they burn or biodegrade Biobased composites are the future Switch oil-based products to biobased products (eg. using wood, hemp, flax, bamboo + biopolymers) Automotive, sport, building products Technological road map for U.S. DOE 10% of all basic chemical building blocks will be renewable sources by % by 2050 Laminated wood bike frame Sylvan Cycles

6 Composites - definition Material that consists of two or more distinct constituents (phases) Constituents have significantly different properties Properties of the composite are superior to those of the individual constituents EXAMPLE: Human muscle tissue: Advanced composites A scanning electron microscope image of a carbon/carbon composite composed of fibers (in blue) and silicon carbide (in brown) credit: Eye of Science/Photo Researchers, Inc

7 Composite stacking sequence Inside a ski: Examples How hockey sticks are made:

8 Wood is a natural composite Wood vs bamboo micro-fibril angle Wood fiber Bamboo

9 UMass research on wood composites Angle-ply Laminate Parallel Strand Lumber y 2 y 1 x z x Numerical simulation of strength +15º -15º -15º +15º COMAP Peggi Clouston, Stress (MPa) Strain (mm/mm)

10 Modeling Structural Composite Lumber NSF Grant # (Clouston & Arwade, ) Experimental evaluation of strength and stiffness UMass Research on bio-based based composites Bamboo fastest growing plant currently known 3-88 years to maturity Specific strength greater than steel or wood

11 Laminated Bamboo Lumber project Publication: M. Mahdavi, P. L. Clouston, and S. R. Arwade Development of Laminated Bamboo Lumber: A Review of Processing, Performance and Economical Considerations Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering doi: UMass research towards re-use * reuse of bricks, natural stone, wood MASS MoCA Museum of Contemporary Art 19th century paper mill

12 Mill Restoration with wood-concrete composites Standard mill construction - Clouston and Schreyer (2011) International Journal of the Constructed Environment Student projects in the BCT major

13 Contact: