How does water cycle?

Transcription

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2 How does water cycle?

3 Will we have enough useable water? Although the vast majority of Earth is covered in water, one in eight people lacks access to clean freshwater. What will happen in 20 years? About 0.024% is readily available to us as liquid freshwater

4 Main sources of available water Surface Water- Surface water includes still bodies of waters and river systems. Groundwater - Groundwater seeps through the soil and becomes contained in underground aquifers

5 Why is it so populated along the Connecticut River?

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8 Human Impacts How does Population Growth impact our water resources?

9 Lesson 14.2 Uses of Fresh Water How We Use Water Three main uses of fresh water include: Agricultural Industrial Personal An estimated 66% of the freshwater used in the world is unnecessarily wasted.

10 Lesson 14.3 Water Pollution Types of Water Pollution Point-source pollution: From a discrete location, like a factory or sewer pipe Nonpoint-source pollution: From many places spread over a large area, such as when snowmelt runoff picks up pollutants along its path Point source oil pollution Oil after a spill, Trinity Bay, Texas

11 IMPACT OF POLLUTION

12 Pollutants of Concern - NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS: nitrogen and phosphorus (natural substances) elevated levels: health problems excessive aquatic plant growth, which depletes dissolved oxygen levels. Nonpoint Sources: animal waste, fertilizers, septic systems, auto emissions

13 Pollutants of Concern -SEDIMENT SEDIMENT: eroded soil or road sand buries key aquatic habitat: fish spawning areas carries other pollutants reduces water clarity, photosynthesis rates decrease Nonpoint Sources: road sand, construction sites, agricultural fields, disturbed areas

14 FLOATABLE DEBRISplastics and other trash that threaten aquatic life and detract from recreational and aesthetic values. Pollutants of Concern - FLOATABLE DEBRIS Nonpoint Sources: illegal dumping, street litter, beach litter, boating waste

15 Pollutants of Concern - PATHOGENS Pathogens : disease-causing bacteria and viruses associated with fecal matter. Their presence in water leads to shellfishing bans and beach closures. Biological pollution causes more human health problems than any other form of water pollution. Nonpoint Sources: failing septic systems, animal waste, marine sanitation devices

16 Pollutants of Concern - TOXIC CHEMICALS TOXIC CONTAMINANTS heavy metals pesticides threaten the health of aquatic and human life often resistant to breakdown Nonpoint Sources: industrial, commercial, household and agricultural chemicals; auto emissions

17 Sources of Groundwater Contamination Coal strip mine runoff Pumping well Deicing road salt Waste lagoon Polluted air Pesticides and fertilizers Landfill Gasoline station Water pumping well Buried gasoline and solvent tanks Cesspool, septic tank Sewer Hazardous waste injection well Accidental spills Freshwater aquifer Groundwater flow Discharge Leakage from faulty casing Fig , p. 261

18 Did You Know? The Great Lakes show that humans can change their ways and clean up trouble spots. In the 1970s, Lake Erie was declared dead but is now home to some flourishing species, especially the walleye. Lesson 14.3 Water Pollution Lake Erie Controlling Water Pollution and protect water as resource Government regulation decreases water pollution. The Clean Water Act Improve Sanitation Pollution Control Reduce water use

19 Lesson 14.3 Water Pollution Water Treatment Septic System Septic systems are the most popular method of wastewater disposal in rural areas of the U.S. This is the method used in this area.

20 Sewage treatment systems help to reduce water pollution Primary Secondary Bar screen Grit chamber Settling tank Aeration tank Settling tank Chlorine disinfection tank Raw sewage from sewers Sludge Activated sludge To river, lake, or ocean (kills bacteria) Air pump Wastewater is treated to remove pollutants before human-used water is released back to the environment. Primary in cities. waste water treatment plant video Sludge digester Sludge drying bed Disposed of in landfill or ocean or applied to cropland, pasture, or rangeland Stepped Art Fig , p. 269

21 Water Filter

22 Economic, social, political matters over water use - Fracking economic vs. water pollution - Hoover Dam regulations - Flint, Michigan water quality - California water shortage - Water Cost with public water supply and usage

23 What Is Fracking? What the Frack?: Making Sense (Maybe?) of the Technology, Ethics and Politics of Fracking Source: 23 JAF2013_023.PPT April 5, 2013

24 What the Frack?: Making Sense (Maybe?) of the Technology, Ethics and Politics of Fracking Economic Implications of Fracking Fracking generates money and jobs, but at what cost dirty toxic water. 24 Source: JAF2013_023.PPT April 5, 2013

25 What the Frack?: Making Sense (Maybe?) of the Technology, Ethics and Politics of Fracking Are Ground Water Resources Safe? Source: 25 JAF2013_023.PPT April 5, 2013

26 What the Frack?: Making Sense (Maybe?) of the Technology, Ethics and Politics of Fracking PBS Flint Water Video Warm up questions (before watching the video) Whose responsibility is it to ensure healthy living conditions (i.e. clean drinking water) for the public? What types of sources do cities and towns typically use for drinking water? How would you know if your water was not safe? Critical thinking questions (after watching the video) Why was the state and local government s response to the increased levels of lead in Flint s water so delayed? Who is to blame for allowing this crisis to reach this point? How should they be held responsible? Given the known effects of lead poisoning on children, what additional issues can Flint most likely expect to see in the coming years? Lawrence Reynold s said he thinks the response to the crisis would have been very different if it had happened in places with different racial and economic demographics than Flint? Do you agree? If so, how do you think the situation would have differed? 26 JAF2013_023.PPT April 5, 2013

27 What the Frack?: Making Sense (Maybe?) of the Technology, Ethics and Politics of Fracking Hoover Dam has strict regulations of water allocations Hoover Dam is an important water source for more than Arizona and Nevada. Used for drinking water and irrigation for crops. 27 JAF2013_023.PPT April 5, 2013

28 What the Frack?: Making Sense (Maybe?) of the Technology, Ethics and Politics of Fracking How much water is being used? Are we using our resource efficiently? JAF2013_023.PPT April 5, 2013

29 What the Frack?: Making Sense (Maybe?) of the Technology, Ethics and Politics of Fracking California water crisis 60 minutes California Water Crisis - Video Please write down key points while you watch this video 29 JAF2013_023.PPT April 5, 2013

30 Groundwater overdrafts in the United States

31 What the Frack?: Making Sense (Maybe?) of the Technology, Ethics and Politics of Fracking Water Scarcity Costs (annual average, in $ millions) BC RWM SWM JAF2013_023.PPT Lower Sac Valley Bay Area Tulare Basin Southern California When water supply is low, it brings the cost up, for example transporting water, drilling deeper wells, and economic loss (drives food cost up). April 5, 2013

32 How does economic status impact water quality or availability of water as a resource? - think globally. Intro project.

33 The world s major river basins differ in their degree of available water