Roadmap on R&D and Human Resource for Light Water Reactors Safety and Knowledge Management - Status in Japan -

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1 November 7-11, 2016 Roadmap on R&D and Human Resource for Light Water Reactors Safety and Knowledge Management - Status in Japan - Prof. Naoto Sekimura, Dr. Special Advisor to the President, Deputy Director General of Division of International Affairs Professor, Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management The University of Tokyo Associate member of Science Council of Japan Chairperson, Nuclear Reactor Safety Examination Committee, Nuclear Regulation Authority Chairperson, Nuclear Safety Division Chairperson, Nuclear Standard Committee Atomic Energy Society of Japan 1

2 Electrical Output (MWe) Current Status of Nuclear Power Plants in Japan BWR : 22 units PWR : 20 units Decommissioning BWR : 10 units Decommissioning PWR : 4 units F-6 Hamaoka-2 Sendai-1, 2 Ikata F-2 1F-3 1F-5 1F Genkai-1 Ikata-1 Mihama-2 1F-1 Hamaoka Tsuruga-1 Shimane-1 Mihama-1 1F : Fukushima-Daiichi 200 GCR ATR Start of Commercial Operation 2 2

3 Current Status of Strategic Energy Plan in Japan 4 th Strategic Energy Plan has been determined by the Government on April 11, 2014 to provide basic lines of energy policy with a view to an energy supplydemand structure for the mid to long term for these 20 years. Nuclear power is an important baseload electricity source. Long Term Plan on April 27, 2015 Contribution of nuclear power in 2030 : 20-22% of total electricity source 3

4 Regulatory Systems for Inspection, Periodic Safety Review and Ageing Management Technical Evaluation in Japan Start of Commercial Operation Back Fitting/Regulatory Inspection Systems Evaluation of Safety Improvements (Strengthened Periodic Safety Review) 5 Years 5 Years 5 Years 5 Years 5 Years 5 Years 5 Years 5 Years 5 Years Ageing Management Technical Evaluation (AMTE) before 30 years for Continued Operation Re-evaluation Every 10 Years 30 Years 10 Years 10 Years 10 Years 40 Years Extended Operation Period Extension can be approved only once up to 60 yeas 4 4

5 Knowledge-base for Life Management of Complex Systems such as Nuclear Power Plants Plant Life Management Safe Long Term Operation Ageing Management Decision Makings for Replacement to New Plants Shutdown Older Plants Heavy Component Replacement Regulatory Processes for Periodic Safety Review License Renewal Ageing Management Technical Evaluation Knowledge-base with Operational Experience Research Outcome and Roadmap Human Resource Development 5

6 Construction of the Roadmap for Light Water Reactor Safety Technology and Human Resource METI Advisory Committee for Natural Resources and Energy Nuclear Energy Subcommittee WG on Voluntary Improvement of Safety, Technology and Human Resource Basic Energy Plan in Japan Positioning of Nuclear Power in Energy Policy The Public Original Plan of the Roadmap Request to draft the Roadmap Safety Technology and Human Resource Roadmap AESJ s Special Committee on Nuclear Safety Research Roadmap Industries The Federation of Electric Power Companies of Japan Plant Manufacturers Academia Universities, JAEA Government as observer Agency for Natural Resource and Energy in METI AESJ : Atomic Energy Society of Japan International Community Nuclear Regulation Authority (NRA) IAEA OECD/NEA Organization in Other countries Science Council of Japan Nuclear Standards Committee of JEA Architectural Institute of Japan Japan Association for Earthquake Engineering 6

7 Continuous Efforts for Future Research and Development METI WG(May 30, 2014) Implementation of Risk Management under an Appropriate Risk Governance Framework Activities required to be implemented with Lessons Learned from the Accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Implementation of exhaustive and comprehensive risk assessments including low-frequency events Reduction of residual risk through strengthening defense in depth Identifying the accident sequences and cliff edges at each plant, focusing on external events, and improving resilience Reorganization of research for improving the safety of light water reactors and reinforcement of research coordination 7

8 Nuclear Safety Research Roadmap Topics of AESJ s Special Committee Maintenance and Plant Life Management Safety Improvement through Design Accident Management Earthquake Resistance and External Events Decommissioning (except for Fukushima Dai-ichi) Nuclear Security 21

9 Improvement of Risk Management Capability Continuous Enhancement of Safety Foundation Trust from the Society and Coexistence International Cooperation & Contribution Technical and Social Approach toward Treatment and Disposal of Radioactive Wastes Objective and Five Pillars in the Strategic Roadmap for Reactor Safety Technology and Human Resource [Long-term Objectives of the Roadmap Nuclear power plants are continuously utilized as important energy resource to fulfill 3Es, ensuring safety with the trust from the people A B C D E 3E Energy security Economic efficiency Environment Continuous improvement and progress Lessons Learnt from the Fukushima Accident, Current Technology and Human Resources Safety Foundation Sharing and expansion of safety foundation Latest Knowledge and New Findings in Other Countries and Related Fields 9

10 Use Risk Information for Assessments Short-Term (S) Medium-Term (M) Long-Term (L) Improvement of earthquake risk assessment strategies Improvement of tsunami risk assessment strategies Develop risk assessments for accidents other than earthquakes and tsunamis Re-awareness of nuclear risks based on Fukushima accident experiences, and set risk reduction goals Develop strategies for assessment of large-scale, low-frequency disasters and share them with regulatory authorities and society Constantly update assessment strategies for large-scale disasters and emergency situations Continuous improvement of risk assessments of power plants in operation Use Risk Information for Countermeasures Hardware Organization Use risk Information to Communicate with Society Human Resources Development Reflect the latest knowledge on large-scale, low-frequency disasters onto hardware Reflect risk reduction measures based on the lessons learned from Fukushima accident Entrench risk culture Consider systems to make use of risk information Engage in sincere dialogs with society on risk reduction goals based on risk information Share risk reduction goals with society Provide risk information for more effective disaster prevention, strengthen collaboration with external assistance organizations to contribute to community disaster prevention Share the lessons learned from the Fukushima accident internationally Develop human resources in Japan capable of making use of risk information Operate systems that make use of risk information Continue developing hardware capable of responding to large-scale disasters and emergency situations Reduce operator risks through automation and other measures Create a resilient organization capable of responding to large-scale disasters and emergency situations Constantly share risk information with society and continuously update risk reduction goals Contribute to wide-area disaster prevention Inform the international community of the assessment and organizational structure that reflect the lessons of the 1F accident, thus contributing to improved worldwide nuclear safety Accept human resources training regarding the use of risk information from abroad Develop human resources capable of providing onsite direction in nuclear newcomer countries Maintain a pool of human resources who can play active role internationally in risk information utilization

11 Functionality Resilience of Complex Systems Relationship between Components of Resilience and Resilience-enhancing Measures Crisis New Equilibrium Preparedness Mitigation Recovery Time Response ANL/DIS-12-1 Resilience: Theory and Applications (Jan. 2012) 11

12 Resilience and Safety for Knowledge Management Safety-II Resilience Everyday Actions and Outcomes Risks as well as Opportunities Safety Accident and Incidents Safety-I Erik Hollnagel, Safety-I and Safety-II p. 148 (2014, ASHGATE Publishing) 12

13 Summary Knowledge management for all the aspects of nuclear technology can be effectively performed through the construction of Strategic Research Roadmap which includes human resource development after the Fukushima Accident. Continuous improvement of management and systems and communication between the stakeholders through all the stages of lifecycle of nuclear power plant systems. Risk information can also be utilized to prioritize research topics in the Strategic Research Roadmap. Knowledge management and knowledge transfer for safety of huge complicated systems like nuclear power plants require additional basis for knowledge-base such as Resilience. 13