What are your Energy Needs?

Transcription

1 FLORIDA SOLAR ENERGY CENTER A Research Institute of the University of Central Florida What are your Energy Needs? Bill Young Florida Solar Energy Center 1679 Clearlake Road Cocoa, Florida (321)

2 Objective Identify renewable resources. Understanding distributed generation Identify the role of renewables Understand utility disaster plans. Learn how to be safe Understand what has happen and its impact on you Understand availability of resources Identify your power needs Identify critical items

3 How do I recover?

4 The Good Old Days Supplying our own energy needs:

5 Conventional Energy Resources Utility Coal Natural gas Hydro Nuclear Oil Renewable sources Self-reliance

6 Traditional Grid Generation Central Generating Station Step-Up Transformer Small Hydro Distribution Substation Gas Turbine Receiving Station Distribution Substation Cogeneration Residential Industrial

7 Distributed Generation with Renewable Resources Central Generating Station Step-Up Transformer Wind Farm Microturbine Small Hydro Distribution Substation Gas Turbine Receiving Station Distribution Substation Distribution Substation Recip. Engine Bio-diesel Photo voltaics Recip Engine Fuel cell Commercial Batteries Cogeneration Residential Geothermal Industrial Commercial Flywheel

8 Distributed Generation Distributed generation employs multiple sources of energy instead of depending on one large source or type of energy source. By implementing an integrated approach to addressing critical energy issues, energy production and consumption can be balanced to assure an improved level of energy security and reliability. Renewable energy sources are naturally distributed.

9 Two Types of Generation Concepts Centralized Utility Generation THIS == THAT Small individual rooftop systems in a PV community

10 Renewable Energy Sources Photovoltaic (PV) Solar thermal Geothermal Small hydro Biomass Wind Micro-Turbine

11 Types of Solar Technology Photovoltaic (solar electricity) Solar Thermal (hot water) Thermal Transpired Collector Wall CSP Dish Thermal Steam Generator Desiccant Air Reheat Generator Solar Thermal Cooker/Oven Passive Building Design Passive Thermal Solar Distillation Solar Drying

12 Solar Cooking Technology

13 Relationship of a PV components energy source energy conversion energy inversion & conditioning energy use energy distribution energy storage electric utility

14 PV Generation Level Guide Level Item Description PV Power 1 selected items 2 critical items 3 backup power outdoor lights, pump, gate control refrigerator, light, radio, register lighting, kitchen, water supply, systems W W W 4 zero energy production equals consumption kw 5 producer net generator beyond consumption kw

15 Photovoltaics Collector arrays of photovoltaic cells convert solar energy to electricity. What it costs: 20 to 35 cents per kilowatt-hour Carbon Footprint: 0 tons - production Courtesy, National Renewable Energy Labs, US Department of Energy

16 Solar Thermal Collector arrays convert solar energy to heat/thermal energy for hot water or electricity. What it costs: 8 to 15 cents per kilowatt-hour Carbon Footprint: 0 tons - production Courtesy, National Renewable Energy Labs, US Department of Energy

17 Wind Wind currents turn turbines that generate electricity or produce mechanical energy. What it costs: 3-9 cents per kilowatt-hour Carbon Footprint: 0 tons - production Courtesy, FSEC

18 Hydro Water currents in rivers turn turbines in a dam that generate electricity. What it costs: 5 12 cents per kilowatt-hour Carbon Footprint: 0 tons - production Baker Lake Dam in Washington Courtesy, National Renewable Energy Labs, US Department of Energy

19 Geothermal Steam from beneath Earth s surface turns turbines to produce electricity; thermal differences between levels of ground and sea can be used for air conditioning. What it costs: 4-6 cents per kilowatt-hour Carbon Footprint: 0 tons - production Courtesy, National Renewable Energy Labs, US Department of Energy & Geothermal Education Office

20 Ocean Wave Coastal waves compress air in chambers, powering turbines to generate electricity. Deep currents can also turn the turbines. Courtesy, National Renewable Energy Labs, US Department of Energy

21 Ocean Wave Coastal waves compress air in chambers, powering turbines to generate electricity. Deep currents can also turn the turbines. What it costs: 4-9 cents per kilowatt-hour Carbon Footprint: 0 tons - production Courtesy, National Renewable Energy Labs, US Department of Energy and Mineral Management Services, Interior

22 Biomass Plant material, vegetation, or agricultural waste used as a fuel or energy sources. What it costs: 5 12 cents per kilowatt-hour Carbon Footprint: tons - production Courtesy, National Renewable Energy Labs, US Department of Energy; photo credit: Warren Gretz

23 Hydrogen Burned in an engine or processed in a fuel cell to produce electricity. What it costs: cents per kilowatt-hour Carbon Footprint: 0 1 tons - production Courtesy, National Renewable Energy Labs, US Department of Energy

24 Efficiency First, Then Solar Efficient equipment and materials Conservation practices Synergy among solar, building energy efficiency and load management Building energy management Passive building design Daylighting Code enforcement

25 Generator Safety Lakeland Utility Subpanel, connector and transfer switch

26 Critical Needs Life Support Medical Shelter Utilities electric - water sewer Sanitation Recovery and rebuild efforts Security Communications

27 Are you effected?

28 Our need for Electricity and Emergency Needs Based on regions of the country and seasonal climates Refrigerator Radio or TV Phone power supply Electric blanket Emergency space heaters Security light Sump pump for floods Well water pump Septic tank pump Oxygen concentrator Medical Life support equipment

29 Typical Residential Energy Use Relationship among average annual end-uses USA. 19.6% Other 7.9%Refrigerator 40.7% Heating & Cooling 8.6%Dryer 4.4% Stove 18.7% Water Heating

30 What are your electrical power needs?

31 Your Critical Loads (example) Load Description QTY Load Current Load Voltage Load Power Refrigerator 1 X 1.5 X 120 = 180 Television 1 X 1.2 X 120 = 144 Lights 1 X 1 X 120 = 120 Oxygen Concentrator 1 X 2 X 120 = 240 Determine power requirements for loads Total load in watts per appliance (for inverter rating)

32 Type of disaster support After: Response Recovery Before: Mitigation Preparedness

33 My Emergency Support Function is? Transportation Communications Public Works and Engineering Fire Fighting Information and Planning Mass Care Resource Support Health and Medical Services Search and Rescue

34 Emergency Support Function is..? Environmental Protection and Hazardous Materials Food and Water Energy Military Support Public Information Volunteer and Donations Law Enforcement and Security Animal Control

35 Lighting Systems Before and After Hurricane Andrew Before Hurricane Andrew, Picture Facing N.E. 26 such systems survived Hurricane Andrew Systems provided by Solar Outdoor Lighting of Florida

36 Solar Surviving Hurricanes Is Not New Hurricane Erin August Ft. Walton Beach Solar Hot Water System

37 Hurricane Charlie Pool System City of Punta Gorda

38 Thermal water system On Lake Underhill Road near substation in Orlando after 2004 hurricane season

39 Review Utilities will follow an organized recover plan Understand what has happen and its impact on you Identify critical needs and resources

40 Questions? PVD Restoring PWR