Sampling and Testing Asphalt Binder Materials

Transcription

1 Page 1 of SCOPE This standard practice describes the requirements for the sampling and testing of asphalt binder materials used in the construction and maintenance of Manitoba provincial highways. 2.0 DEFINITIONS Asphalt (Bituminous) Binder: Asphalt cement and emulsified asphalt. Asphalt Cement: A dark brown to black cementitious material in which the predominating constituents are bitumens. Asphalt cement may occur in nature or be obtained in crude petroleum refining process. Asphalt cement, which is semisolid to solid, gradually liquefies when heated and is used for most paving projects on Manitoba provincial highways. Emulsified Asphalt: An emulsion of asphalt binder and water at ambient temperature that contains a small amount of an emulsifying agent to hold asphalt molecule in suspension. Emulsified asphalt droplets may be of either the anionic (negative charge), cationic (positive charge) or nonionic (neutral). 3.0 ACRONYMS ASTM AASHTO MEB MI RTF RTFO PAV DSR BBR OSHRM American Society for Testing and Materials American Association of State and Highway Transportation Officials Materials Engineering Branch Manitoba Rolling Thin Film Rolling Thin Film Oven Pressure Aging Vessel Dynamic Shear Rheometer Bending Beam Rheometer Occupational Safety and Health Risk Management

2 Page 2 of REFERENCE STANDARDS ASTM Standards D5 Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials D36 Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-and-Ball Apparatus) D113 Test Method for Ductility of Bituminous Materials D139 Test Method for Float Test for Bituminous Materials D140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials D244 Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts D977 Specification for Emulsified Asphalt D2170 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Asphalts (Bitumens) D2171 Test Method for Viscosity of Asphalts by Vacuum Capillary Viscometer D4402 Test Method for Viscosity Determination of Asphalt at Elevated Temperatures Using a Rotational Viscometer D6084 Test Method for Elastic Recovery of Bituminous Materials by Ductilometer D6997 Test Method for Distillation of Emulsified Asphalt D7496 Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity D2872 Test Method for the Effect of Heat and Air on a Moving Film of Asphalt (Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test) D6521 Practice for Accelerated Aging of Asphalt Binder Using a Pressurized Aging Vessel (PAV) D7175 Test Method for Determining the Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder Using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer D6648 Test Method for Determining the Flexural Creep Stiffness of Asphalt Binder Using the Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) AASHTO Standards M140 Standard Specification for Emulsified Asphalt M320 Standard Specification for Performance-Graded Asphalt Binder T40 Standard Method of Test for Sampling Bituminous Materials T350 Standard Method of Test for Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) test of Asphalt Binder Using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) MEB Standards S001 Standard Practice for New Product Approval Process P026 Standard Practice for Pay Adjustment for Penetration Graded Asphalt Cement P027 Standard Practice for Pay Adjustment for Performance Graded Asphalt Cement

3 Page 3 of SAMPLING REQUIREMENTS 4.1 General This MEB Standard Practice is not intended to address all the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this Standard Practice to establish appropriate safety and health practices in accordance with OSHRM Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System. Sampling is as important as testing and every precaution shall be taken to obtain representative samples that show the true nature and condition of the material. Samples should represent an average of the bulk of the material and identify potential variations in material consistency and characteristics. Sampling shall be done as soon as practicable at the time of unloading asphalt binder material when the tank truck has arrived at the plant site, storage site or job destination. The Department, or the designated agent, shall take representative samples of asphalt binder materials in accordance with ASTM D140: Standard Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials. Samples shall be stored in new, dry, clean, airtight, and sealed containers as supplied. 4.2 Sample Containers Sample containers for the following products shall be obtained from Materials Engineering Branch (MEB) Field Equipment Stores (1944 Miller Road, West St. Paul). These containers must be handled in a manner so as to protect them from any type of contamination that may adversely affect the quality of the products being sampled. Asphalt Cement: A wide mouth, 1-litre capacity metal can with double seal friction-top and gold phenolic lining shall be used for the sampling of asphalt cement. Emulsified Asphalt A wide mouth, 4-litre capacity metal can with double seal friction-top and gold phenolic lining shall be used to collect emulsified asphalt samples. 4.3 Sampling Procedures Representative samples of asphalt binder must be taken from the sampling device of the supplier s delivery truck (see Figure 1 below) or from the in-line sampling device (see Figure 2) supplied by the contractor during unloading of asphalt binder.

4 Page 4 of 11 When the sample is taken from the delivery truck at point of delivery, it shall be taken by bleeding through a sample valve during unloading of the approximate middle portion of the load. Before the sample is taken, a minimum of four (4) to five (5) liters shall be drawn from the sample valve into an appropriate waste container and disposed of in accordance with the applicable environmental regulations. One (1) sample shall be taken from each truckload of asphalt binder delivered for a project when the department purchases the binder material. If the asphalt binder is supplied by the contractor, three (3) random samples shall also be taken from the contractor s storage tank for each day s delivery. Additional samples may be collected if requested by the Engineer.

5 Page 5 of 11 Figure 1: Device for Sampling from Delivery Truck (ASTM D140)

6 Page 6 of 11 Figure 2: In-Line Asphalt Binder Sampling Device (ASTM D140) 4.4 Sample Identification All samples should be properly labeled with complete information provided in all identified areas on the Asphalt Binder Sample Label (see Figure 3). Sample labels are available from MEB Field Equipment Stores. If the asphalt binder contains additive(s), the additive(s) must be properly identified on the label. If there are no additives present, the label must state so. The label should be printed in ballpoint ink and the completed label should be legible. Sample labels shall be attached to the container itself (not to the lid).

7 Page 7 of 11 BITUMINOUS BINDER SAMPLE CONTRACT # PROJECT SAMPLE # P.O. # REGION # PROJECT LOCATION: from: to: ASPHALT TYPE: ASPHALT SUPPLIER: HAULER: TICKET # SAMPLED FROM: (Check One) Valve: Dipped: Distributor: ADDITIVE TYPE (IF USED): DATE SAMPLED: TIME DELIVERED: SAMPLED BY: (print name) CENTRAL LAB # (office use only) (Rev 2009) 4.5 Protecting Samples Figure 3: Asphalt Binder Sample Label Care shall be taken to prevent the sample from becoming contaminated. Immediately after filling, the container shall be tightly sealed. The filled sample container shall be kept away from contact with any contaminants. Use a dry, clean cloth for cleaning any spillage on the outside of the container while ensuring the label remains clean and legible. 4.6 Shipment of Samples In western Manitoba, asphalt binder samples may be sent to Brandon Central Laboratory for shipment to the Winnipeg Central Laboratory. Brandon Central Laboratory staff shall be notified when dropping off samples for shipment to Winnipeg Central Laboratory. Winnipeg Central Laboratory shall be notified of the delivery of samples, priority requirement and any special testing requirements. All asphalt binder samples shall be stored and transported to Winnipeg Central Laboratory at a temperature of not less than 5 C to prevent possible damage from freezing. Samples shall be transported in such a way to minimize possible damage to the sample containers. The first sample of asphalt binder from each project shall be identified as such and received by Winnipeg Central Laboratory within three (3) days of sampling. It is critical that the first sample be sent immediately within this timeframe for testing. This will ensure conformance to the specification, and could trigger increased sampling if the asphalt binder is out-of-spec.

8 Page 8 of 11 All remaining asphalt binder samples collected must be shipped to Winnipeg Central Laboratory for testing no later than one (1) week after sampling. 5.0 TESTING METHODS AND FREQUENCIES MEB may perform one or more of the tests listed in Table 1 and/or Table 2 on any sample obtained as per Section 4.0 of this Standard Practice. Table 1: Asphalt Cement Test Methods and Frequency Test Standard Test Method Test Frequency Penetration Grade Asphalt Cement ASTM D4402 Rotational 135 C & 150 C ASTM D70 Specific 25 C ASTM D5 ASTM D5 Penetration, RTF 25 C (dmm) Penetration, PAV 25 C (dmm) 1 random sample /product /project /supplier 1 random sample /product /project /supplier 1 random sample /product /project /supplier 1 random sample /product /project /supplier ASTM D5 25 C (dmm) Min. 1 /5 of samples ASTM D2170 Kinematic Viscosity (mm 2 /s) Min. 1 /5 of samples ASTM D2171 Absolute Viscosity (Pa s) Min. 1 /5 of samples ASTM D2171 Absolute Viscosity, RTF residue (Pa s) Min. 1 /5 of samples - Absolute Viscosity Ratio (RTF/Original) Min. 1 /5 of samples ASTM D36 Softening Point (Ring & Ball) ( C) on request Performance Graded Asphalt Cement ASTM D4402 Rotational 150 C 1 random sample /product /project /supplier ASTM D4402 Rotational 135 C Min. 1 /5 of samples ASTM D2872 RTFOT Mass Change (%) Min. 1 /5 of samples ASTM D6521 PAV Conditioning Min. 1 /5 of samples

9 Page 9 of 11 ASTM D7175 DSR Complex Shear Modulus (kpa) Min. 1 /5 of samples ASTM D6648 BBR m-value & Creep stiffness (MPa) Min. 1 /5 of samples AASHTO T350 Elastic Recovery using DSR Min. 1 /5 of samples, (Polymer modified asphalt only) Table 2: Emulsified Asphalt Test Methods and Frequency Test Standard Test Method Test Frequency Emulsified Asphalt Tests on Emulsion: ASTM D6997 Residue by Distillation (%) Min. ⅓ of samples ASTM D6997 Oil Distillate (% by volume) Min. ⅓ of samples ASTM D7496* Saybolt Furol Viscosity (SFs) on request ASTM D6933* Sieve Test (%) on request ASTM D6936 Demulsibility (%) on request ASTM D6930 Storage Stability/Settlement (%) on request ASTM D244 Coating Test (%) Tests on Distillation Residue: on request, SS & HF Mixing Grade only ASTM D5 25 C (dmm) Min. ⅓ of samples ASTM D5 4 C (dmm) Min. ⅓ of HF-500M-HR samples ASTM D4957 Apparent 60 C (Pa s) on request ASTM D139* ASTM D113* Float 60 C (s) 60 C (mm) on request, HF & HF Mixing Grade only on request, SS, RS & CQS-1HP only ASTM 36* Softening Point (Ring & Ball) ( C) on request, CQS-1HP only

10 Page 10 of 11 ASTM 6084* Elastic 10 C (%) *External testing laboratory is used for these test on request, HF Polymer modified only 6.0 TEST RESULTS Asphalt binder test results shall be distributed to MI staff (Materials Engineering Branch, Construction Support Services, Regions) within three (3) working days of testing, and to suppliers, upon request, on a summary basis at the end of the construction season. All test results will be used as a basis for rejection or acceptance, in accordance to the latest material specification for asphalt binders on the Approved Products list. Asphalt binder with test results failing to meet the relevant penetration grade shall be subject to pay adjustment as per MEB P027 Standard Practice for Pay Adjustment for Penetration Grade Asphalt Cement. Asphalt binder with test results failing to meet the relevant performance grade shall be subject to pay adjustment as per MEB P026 Standard Practice for Pay Adjustment for Performance Graded Asphalt Cement. Emulsified asphalt with test results failing to meet the specification may be subject to pay adjustment depending on the extent of the problem. 6.1 Re-testing Out-of-Specification Samples Penetration Grade and Emulsified Asphalt binder samples that do not conform to the specification shall be re-tested on another portion of the same sample, to verify the results. If the re-test shows that the asphalt binder sample meets the specification, the material in question will be considered to be acceptable. If the re-test shows that the asphalt binder sample is out of specification, the asphalt binder in question will be reported as failed. The test result closest to the specification range will be used for any pay adjustment calculation. The original and re-test results should be included in the report for general distribution.

11 Page 11 of Notification of Out-of-Specification Test Results The Surfacing Program Manager, or designate, shall notify the supplier within three (3) days of receipt of the out-of-specification test results. The supplier will also be informed that the testing frequency for that asphalt material will increase as a result of non-conformance to the specification. 6.3 Persistent Out-of-Specification The department reserves the right to switch to a second bidder based on persistent out-of-specification results when the department purchases the asphalt binder. When the contractor supplies the asphalt binder, bituminous paving may be suspended until the contractor resolve the issue.