Warm Bituminous Mixes-A Road To Sustainable Pavement Surface

Transcription

1 Warm Bituminous Mixes-A Road To Sustainable Pavement Surface Guided By:- Guided By:- Prof. Chirag B. Patel. Assi. Prof. Chirag B. Patel. Assi. Prof. Bhavik. G. Patel Submitted By:- Patel Sanket H. Patel Neel N. Patel Chintan K.

2 Contents:- Introduction. Objectives and scope of the study. Motivation of the study. Benefits of WMA. Methodology. Literature review. Testing on Aggregate. Testing on bitumen. Marshall Test Results of bitumen with sasobit & Evotherm testing. Blending of Aggregates and Laboratory Trial mix. Comparison of Results. Cost analysis Conclusion References.

3 Introduction :- The first WMA techniques were developed in the late 1990 s. Additives were trialled in Germany and in Norway the WMA-Foam process was developed. Classification by temperature range (Temperatures, and fuel usage are approximations)

4 What is Warm Mix Asphalt? Warm Mix Asphalt is a sustainable alternative to traditional Hot Mix Asphalt. Traditionally, asphalt is produced at temperatures around ºC to optimise the coating of aggregate with bitumen and its laying manageability. However using latest technology, Warm Mix Asphalt is produced and laid at a lower temperature range from ºC, and has the same effectiveness as traditional asphalt products.

5 Objectives and scope of the study:- Focus on information that provides insight into how WMA may be implemented and how it may perform in INDIA. An outcome of this project is recommendation for steps to follow the implementation of WMA technologies. To carryout feasibility study of WMA technology in Indian Highways. To carryout different experiments on WMA mix to assess its qualities and determine its suitability for paving. To carryout life cycle cost analysis of WMA and its comparison with HMA.

6 Motivation of the study :- Recently fuel prizes are increasing day by day in India and other countries. Thus a need for new solution for asphalt paving procedures requiring considerable amount of fuel for heating has arrived. One of them is Warm bituminous mix technology which allows the procedures of asphalt pavement material to be kept lower than the conventional temperature at which the materials are mixed and laid on the road.

7 Benefits of WMA :- Due to use of Warm Mix Asphalt(WMA) technology,benefits are following: Environmental benefits Paving benefits Asphalt workers benefits Economical benefits

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9 Problem Identification Testing on simple bitumen sasobit We Choose Add-mixtures Mix Design using Sasobit and Evotherm Evother m Testing on mix design Result Analysis Cost Analysis

10 Sasobit:- It can Reduce about 25 to 50 C in the mixing and handling temperatures of the mixture have been reported by the producer. The melting point of Sasobit is around 85 to 115 C. Figure : Sasobit

11 Evotherm:- The Evotherm is then mixed with the aggregate in the HMA plant & 55 C reduction in production temperatures.. The manufacturer reports that this chemistry provides better aggregate coating, workability, adhesion, and improved compaction with no change in materials or job mix formula required. Figure : Evotherm

12 Literature review:- [1.] The use of Warm-Mix Asphalt,European Asphalt Pavement Association, Rue du Commerce 77, january 2010, 1040 Brussels, Belgium. CONCLUSION:- The working temperatures of the warm asphalt mixes were 38.0 F (21.1C ) to 65.8 F(36.5C ) lower than the HMA. The lower production temperature also reduces the ageing of the bitumen during the production stage, which results in an improved thermal and cracking resistance.

13 Literature review:- [2.] Jenkins, K. Mix Design Considerations for Cold and Half-Warm Bituminous Mixes with Emphasis on Foamed Bitumen. Doctoral Dissertation, Stellenbosch University, CONCLUSION:- The performance characteristics of WMA mixes can be at least equivalent to conventional mixes. This can be achieved because of the often better workability and hence better compaction which can be achieved.

14 Literature review:- [3.] Y. Brosseaud, M. Saint Jacques, Warm asphalt mixes: overview of this new technology in France, Paper 0309, Transport Research Arena Europe 2008, Ljubljana. CONCLUSION:- The laboratory measurements of indirect tensile strength indicated no significant difference between the WMA mixes and the HMA control mix. The variations in observed strength appear to be due to differences in conditions under which cores were retrieved and normal measurement fluctuations.

15 Tests on aggregates :- Aggregate Impact Test Flakiness Index Elongation Index Specific gravity & water absorption Test Crushing Test

16 Aggregate Impact Test :- To determine the impact value of the road aggregates; To assess their suitability in road construction on the basis of impact value.

17 Flakiness Index :- The flakiness index of the aggregate is the percentage by weight of aggregates particles whose least dimension/thickness is less than three fifth or 0.6 of their mean dimension. The test is applicable to sizes larger than 6.3 mm.

18 Elongation Index:- The elongation index of an aggregate is the percentage by weight of particles whose greatest dimension of length is greater than one & four fifth or 1.8 times their mean dimension. The elongation test is not applicable for sizes for smaller than 6.3 mm.

19 Specific gravity & water absorption Test :- The specific gravity of an aggregate is considered to a measure of the quality or strength of the material. The specific gravity is calculated by dividing the dry weight of aggregate by the weight of equal volume of water

20 Crushing Test :- This test helps to determine the aggregate crushing value of coarse aggregates as per IS: 2386 (Part IV) To assess suitability of aggregates for use in different types of road pavements.

21 Result of Aggregate Testing :- Sr. no Tests Method Test Result Permissible Limit 1 Impact test IS 2386 PART IV 6.30 % Max 27 % 2 Flakiness & Elongation (shape) IS 2386 PART I % Max 30% test 3 Specific gravity Coarse Aggregate 20 mm 2.72 Coarse Aggregate 10 mm 2.64 IS 2386 PART III Coarse Aggregate 6 mm to 2.9 Stone dust 2.72 water absorption test 0.94% Max 2% 4 Crushing test IS 2386 PART IV 22.8% Max 30%

22 Tests on bitumen :- Penetration test Softening point test Ductility test Specific Gravity Viscosity test Flash and Fire Point test

23 Penetration Test :- It measures the hardness or softness of bitumen by measuring the depth in tenths of a millimeter to which a standard loaded needle will penetrate vertically in 5 seconds.

24 Softening Point Test :- Softening point denotes the temperature at which the bitumen attains a particular degree of softening under the specifications of test.

25 Ductility Test :- Ductility is the property of bitumen that permits it to undergo great deformation or elongation. Ductility is defined as the distance in cm, to which a standard sample of the material will be elongated without breaking.

26 Flash and Fire Point test :- Flash Point:- The flash point of the material is the lowest temperature at which the vapor of substance momentarily takes fire in the form of the flash under specified condition of the test. Fire Point:- The fire point is the lowest temperature at which the material gets ignited and burns under specified condition of test.

27 Sr. no Result of Bitumen Testing Types of test Test method Result Permissible Limit 1 Penetration test IS: to 70 2 Softening point test IS: to 55 3 Ductility test IS: (min) 4 Specific Gravity IS : (min) 5 Flash Point Fire Point IS: to 370 C

28 Marshall Test Using Stability and Flow Parameters:- Marshall stability test indicate the stability and flow value of the mix design of bitumen and aggregates and also indicate suitability for constrution.

29 Results of bitumen with sasobit & Evotherm testing Ductility Test:- Ductility Test Results For Sasobit Sasobit % Ductility at 27 0 C M1 M2 M3 Avg Ductility Test Results For Evotherm Evotherm % Ductility at 27 0 C M1 M2 M3 Avg

30 Penetration Test:- Penetration Test Results For Sasobit Sasobit % Penetration at 25 0 C Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Avg Penetration Test Results For Evotherm Evotherm % Penetration at 25 0 C Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Avg

31 Softening Point Test:- Softening Point Test Results For Sasobit Sasobit % Softening Point ( 0 C) M1 M2 Avg Softening Point Test Results For Evotherm Evotherm % Softening Point ( 0 C) M1 M2 Avg

32 Blending of Aggregates and Laboratory Trial mix:- Sieve size Table : Proposed Combined Gradation for WMAC 20mm 10mm 6mm Stone Combined Lower dust gradation limit Upper limit

33 % Specification limit Mix proportion (20mm) 36% (10mm) 10% (6mm) 30% (stone dust) 24% = 100% Sieve size proposed combined gradation Lower limit Upper limit Fig.(a) Proposed Gradation Curve

34 Effect on Volumetric Property and Marshall Stability:- Take Sasobit Percentage : 3% Take Evotherm Percentage : 0.5% Test results of bituminous mix design of 60/70 grade bitumen Bituminou s % Stability (Kg) Flow (mm) Gmm Gmb AV (%) VMA (%) VFB (%)

35 Test results of bituminous mix design of 60/70 grade bitumen with 3% Sasobit Bituminou s % Stability (Kg) Flow (mm) Gmm Gmb AV (%) VMA (%) VFB (%) Test results of bituminous mix design of 60/70 grade bitumen with 0.5% Evotherm Bituminou s % Stability (Kg) Flow (mm) Gmm Gmb AV (%) VMA (%) VFB (%)

36 Comparison:- Figure (A) Stability (kg) Vs Bitumen(%) Figure (B): Flow value (mm) Vs Bitumen(%)

37 Figure (C) Air Voids (%) Vs Bitumen(%) Figure (D) VMA (%) Vs Bitumen(%)

38 Figure (E) VFB (%) Vs Bitumen(%)

39 Cost analysis:- 5.5% of bitumen required for 100 sq. mt. for 40 mm thick bituminous concrete is 528 kg. Hence quantity required for 1 Km of National Highway (8.5 m wide) is kg. Bituminous Rs. per Tonne Quantity (Tonne) Total Rs. product 60/70 grade bitumen Sasobit Evotherm

40 Comparative Life Cycle Cost Analysis B.C. surface Cost of surfacing in Rs. Present 4 years 6 years 8 years 12 years Total cost of surfacing Saving in % on renewal cost 60/70 grade bitumen Sasobit Evotherm

41 Conclusion:- WITH THE USE OF WARM MIX ASPHALT(WMA) WE CAN, - Reduce energy requirements by around 30%. - Reduce greenhouse gas emission by up to 30% % reduction in dust emissions. - Increase range of transportation. - Reduce blue smoke during loading and transportation. - Safer working environment for asphalt crews through. - Reduce fumes, heat and emissions. - Improve field compaction which can facilitate an extension of the paving season.

42 REFERENCES:- 1. Al-Rawashdeh, A. S. (November 2008). Performance Assessment of Warm Mix Asphalt (Wma) Pavements. 2. Amirkhanian & Das, A. (2008). Laboratory Simulation of Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) Binder. 3. Andrea N. Kvasnak, B. P. (November 2010). Wisconsin Field Trial of Warm Mix Asphalt Technology. 4. Association, E. A. (January 2010). The Use of Warm Mix Asphalt. Belgium. 5. Brain Powell, A. T. (June 2010). Priliminary Evaluation of Warm Mix Asphalt.

43 Quarries are welcome for sharing knowledge