Cambodia EPA Experience

Transcription

1 Country Highlights Cambodia EPA Experience CHUON Chanrithy Director Department of Natural Resources Assessment and Environmental Data Management Ministry of Environment, Cambodia Regional Workshop on The Conduct of Environmental Performance Assessment in the Greater Mekong Subregion and ASEAN Region 17 October 2014 Grande Centre Point Hotel, Bangkok, Thailand 1

2 PRESENTATION OUTLINE 1. Background & Process of the Nat l EPA 2. Identification/Selection of Priority Concerns 3. Data Gathering and Compilation 4. EPA Mechanism and Process 5. Linkages of EPA with Other Performance Measurements 6. Some Key Challenges 2

3 1. Background & Process of EPA The Cambodia EPA has been conducted two steps: o First EPA ( ) under SEF-II of the TA from UNEP RRC.AP and ADB; and o Second EPA was executed in period under GMS-CEPcomponents 3 with the technical guidance and financial support from UNEP RRC.AP, ADB, GEF, IGES and NIES of Japan. EPA Step Preparing Process i. Priority environmental concerns ranking/selection; ii. Review existing policy, plan and policy targets; iii. Appropriate model identification (PSR/DPSIR); iv. Relevant indicators selection/identification; v. Required data collection; vi. Analysis against targets/timeline; and vii.epa reporting. 3

4 2. Ident n/selection of Priority Concerns The environmental concerns and indicators were identified and prioritized through individual interview, inception and consultation workshops; The concerns and indicators, which were identified by GMS countries, were presented to participants, so that they could rate those concerns based on their individual knowledge; Indicators of each concern were identified based on pressure, state and response (P-S-R model); Due to limitation of existing data, the DPSIR were not chosen. 4

5 2. Ident n/selection of Priority Concerns ENV CONCERNS GENERAL ISSUES 1. Forest Resources Economic development cause of forest land conversion, land encroachment and occupation, as well as illegal logging. 2. Threats to Biodiversity Increasing dev. and high pop growth pose a serous threat to biod. mangt. Decline on natural habitat, wildlife trading, infrastructure & econ dev. 3. Fish Resources Increasing fishing act s, fishing gear (more sophisticated), loss of habitat, Dam (dike, irrigation) development cause of changing water regime. 4. Water Resources (Water for use) 5. Land Degradation (Unsustainable Agri.) 6. Inland Water Pollution Shortage of water use during the dry season. Level of access to safe water supply service is still low. Climate Change (flood & drought). Chemical fertilizer application, soil fertility, land use change, security of PAs, desertification, flood and drought, traditional agricultural practice. WW from factories, chemical fertilizer, insecticides, Mining, Chemical plant (esp. textile industrial plants). 7. Solid Waste Mangt. Insufficient waste management (waste collection and transportation, landfill, Hazardous Waste), Leakage of heavy metals, chemical substances. 8. Threats to CZs Increasing tourist development, lose of marine resource: fish, mangrove, coral reef and seagrass, increase fishing activities, lack of land use planning 9. Climate Change Deforestation in large scale, conversion land into agriculture land, higher demand on energy consumption, transportation, industry. 5

6 3. Data Gathering and Compilation In Cambodia, there is no formal procedure and mechanism for data distribution; The data/information release is done through highly bureaucratic system, involving permission and authorization. The process is slow, requiring more follow up efforts and actions; Data is made available from many departments but on colleague-to-colleague relationship exchange is fast; EPA Environmental Indicators are compiled as a database 6

7 1. National Inception Workshop (18-19 Feb 2008) The Workshop was participated by representatives from MAFF, MOWRAM, MRD, MoP, MIME, MLMUPC, MoH, MoWA, MoPWT, MoT, CDRI, FACT, IoT, and WWF 4. EPA Mechanism and Process CAMBODIA 2. EPA Provincial Training (09-10 Jun 2008) The Training was participated by representatives from relevant provincial departments 7

8 3. National Consultation Workshop (5-6 Feb 2009) 4. EPA Mechanism and Process CAMBODIA 4. EPA Final Workshop (18-19 Feb 2010) 8

9 EPA MECHANISM 4. EPA Mechanism and Process CAMBODIA Both first and second EPA were conducted through DoNRAEDAM of Ministry of Environment. It is worked through coordination/participation of line ministries and relevant stakeholders such as Ministry of Planning; Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries; Ministry of Water Resources and Metrology; Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy; Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction; Ministry of Rural Development; Ministry of Tourism; Ministry of Public Works and Transport; Ministry of Health; Cambodia National Mekong Committee; Royal University of Agriculture; and Royal University of Phnom Penh. 9

10 Decision Making Options NSDP CMDG Resources ADB, UNEP, IGES, UNDP 4. EPA Mechanism and Process CAMBODIA Results NEAP MoE DoNRAEDAM EPA 5 years cycle Sectoral Planning - Agriculture - Forest - Fishery - Rural Development - Infrastructure dev. - incl. Social Dev. - Advisory Committee Capacity/Human Development Data Sharing/Networking Concerned Ministries Key Stakeholders National & Sub-National Levels 10

11 5. EPA Links to Other Perfmnc Measmnt NSDP is considered as a single, overarching dev strategy for pursuing prioritized goals and plan of actions for Socioecon. Dev; NSDP has been framed as the operationalization of Rectangular Strategy, Phase III, which is the Socioeconomic Policy Agenda; EPA synthesises goals and targets contained in the NSDP and National Poverty Reduction Strategy, it means some goal/target linked to NSDP as an example; As well, some EPA indicators have the goal/target linked to CMDG like land, forests, water, biodiversity, pollution, coastal zones and climate change. 11

12 OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL M&A There are few environmental assessment reports have been made for Cambodia Environmental Performance Assessment Report 2006 &2010 State of Environment Report for coastal zone (K4) 2005 and 2007 State of Environment Report for Kampong Cham Province 2005 Cambodia Environment Monitoring 2003 Cambodia State of Environment Reports 2004 All environmental assessment and monitoring were conducted and responsible by MoE. However, those were operated based on external supports, as well as EPA. 12

13 6. Some Key Challenges Making use of the EPA product as the effective tools and basic reference for strategic environmental planning like the National Environmental Strategy and Action Plan, SEA; It helps promote the coordination and collaboration amongst key sectors/stakeholders; Capacity and institutional issues in mainstreaming the EPA concept to relevant sector dev. strategy and action plans; Some EPA concerns addressed have no target as the RGC has not enough capacity and/or full efforts in addressing those concerns and these remain for the EPA; Limited Sector coordination and collaboration in sustainable planning still remains; However, EPA is new in Cambodia and it is just done twice over some times and the policy maker and decision makers have not been convened whether EPA is an effective tool for planning; It still relies on external support inputs in addressing these. 13

14 THANKs FOR YOUR ATTENTION 14