Practical experiences with buildings in Arctic Greenland

Transcription

1 Practical experiences with buildings in Arctic Greenland Two case studies from Sisimiut, Greenland Petra Vladykova Technical University of Denmark and Swegon AB Swegon Air Academy, Tallinn, Estonia November 24,

2 Content Arctic and Greenland Current situation in Greenland Case study I: Standard family houses Typehouse Case study II: New Low-energy house Learned lessons and experience 2

3 Arctic Definition Geographical, climatological and climate Population 60-66º (15,000,000) 66-70º (3,600,000) above 70º (400,000) Climate Long, cold winters and short, cool summers, strong winds and storms Solar distribution and low sun elevation First energy-efficient Arctic building 3

4 Sisimiut (GL) vs. Tallinn (EST) Locations of Sisimiut and Estonia 4

5 Building practices in Greenland Resources and building structure Building regulations A gross and HDH Natural vents vs mechanical ventilation system Atention to airtight layer Example of double stud wall Documentated number of houses Example of natural vents 5

6 Systems and challenges in Systems in buildings Boiler with a hydronic heating system covering heating and hot water consumption Greenland Challenges Hybrid (combined) system System control Maintenance and reliability Transport Renewable sources and technology Example of heating system 6

7 Socio-economic conditions, culture gap and energy supply Socio-economic conditions and culture gap Cultural differences, dependency on the knowledge, different lifestyles based on survival, food consumption based on availability, use of non-renewable sources Living preferences: open floor plans without corridors and integrated kitchen, one-storey building connected to the ground, large enclosed porches for storage, a cold entrance Remote, small and isolated dependent on supplies Need to prevail in extreme periods, back-up system and heat storage 7

8 Case study I Typehouse Typehouse 18D, 1960s 8

9 Floor plan ground floor 9

10 Floor plan first floor 10

11 Cross-section 11

12 Wooden studs 12

13 Systems Oil-boler Vent 13

14 Systems Waste water from kitchen Bag toilet 14

15 Problems Water leakage Thermo image of external wall 15

16 Temperature stability Passive survivability Temperature stability Temperature drop and stability in standard family house in the Arctic (lightweight structure) 16

17 Indoor climate - temperature 17

18 Indoor climate relative humidity 18

19 Energy efficiency Consumption in typehouses GBR requirements for heating and ventilation Documented oil consumption 19

20 Energy balance Northwest unit Southeast unit 20

21 Potential for improvements Energy refurbishment using theoretical model and package solution LEH requirements <45 kwh/(m 2.a) and CO 2 savings 87% Dew-point (condensation) in structure Architectural aspect of renovation Different savings applied one at the time Theoretical model of energy refurbishment 21

22 Case study II New Low-energy house 22

23 Floor plan 23

24 Cross-section 24

25 Wooden structure Thermal bridge free structure of external wall 25

26 Air tightness Air leaking around skylight windows 26

27 Heat exchanger Scheme of heat exchanger 27

28 Efficiency 28

29 Indoor climate - temperature 29

30 Indoor climate relative humidity 30

31 Efficiency 31

32 Problems Freezing of HE Snow built-up 32

33 Lessons learned Sealing of air-tight layer Damper and switch control Long distance control ended with not designed building Cutting of cost (not insulated attic) Attentions to details and skilled labour work Safety factor when designing the buildings Overheating problems Improved air tightness 33

34 Lessons learned Design focus on minimize heat loss and maximize exposure to sun with shading Exterior wind barrier and interior airtight vapour barrier More control and smart system combined DCV with renewable sources Building commissioning and energy monitoring Building process and monitoring system 34

35 Thank you. Questions? 35