2 nd URBANISATION FORUM & 3 rd FRIENDSHIP CITIES AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT COOPERATION FORUM Durban, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa By Municipal

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1 2 nd URBANISATION FORUM & 3 rd FRIENDSHIP CITIES AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT COOPERATION FORUM Durban, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa By Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai 27-29, November,2013 Mumbai, India

2 Mumbai

3 Mumbai. FINANCE CENTRE ENTERTAINMENT CENTRE RECREATION TRADE & COMMERCE MULTI-ETHNIC/ METROPOLITAN

4 Mumbai Geographical Location

5 Mumbai City Profile Mumbai Area : 458 Sq. Km million people (census 2011) Population density ~ 27,161 p/sq. km With ~ 41% population residing in informal settlements. South Mumbai: Floating Population Daytime population : 4.5 million persons Density : 3,94,390 p / Sq. Km. Night-time population : 2,00,000 persons Density : 17,528 p / Sq. Km.

6 MUMBAI METROPOLTAN REGION (MMR) PROFILE Vasai Virar Virar Nalasopare Vasai Navghar Thane Dist. Area 4355 sq.km. Population 20.5 Million (2011) Districts in MMR 1. Mumbai 2. Suburban 3. Thane 4. Raigad Mira-Bhayander Suburban Dist. Thane Bhiwandi Kalyan Ulhasnagar Ambernath Navi Mumbai Badlapur Corporations in MMR 1. Greater Mumbai 2. Thane 3. Navi Mumbai 4. Ulhas Nagar 5. Kalyan-Dombivali 6. Mira Bhayandar 7. Bhiwandi- Nizampur 8. Vasai-Virar Mumbai Uran Panvel Matheran Raigad Dist. Karjat Khopoli Pen Municipal Councils in MMR 1. Ambernath 2. Kulgaon-Badlapur 3. Alibaug 4. Pen 5. Uran 6. Matheran Hill Station 7. Panvel 8. Karjat 9. Khopoli Alibag Villages 1000

7 Mumbai vis-à-vis the World

8 MMR Region s Landuse pattern 4355 sq km (100 %) Total Area under Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) 20.5 million (100 %) Population in Mumbai Metropolitan Region Census 2011

9 Mumbai w.r.t. MMR Region 458 sq km (12 % of MMR) Total Area of Greater Mumbai (Including areas under Special Planning Authority-SPA s) million(60 % of MMR) Population in Greater Mumbai (including SPA s) Census 2011 Land utilization in MMR 15% Developed area 31% Natural area 54% agriculture & open space Land utilization in Mumbai 65% Developed area 35% Natural area & open space Density concentrated in GM & urban areas around it MMR = 4,707 p/sq. km. Greater Mumbai = 27,161 p/sq. km.

10 EVOLVING URBAN FORM - MMR

11 Population distribution & decadal growth rate of Maharashtra, GMUA & Greater Mumbai Census Region Population (In absolute numbers) Maharashtra 50,412,235 62,782,818 78,937,187 96,878, ,374,333 Maharashtra Urban 15,711,211 21,993,594 30,541,586 41,100,980 50,818,259 Greater Mumbai Urban Agglomeration (GMUA) 6,632,158 9,596,682 12,591,938 16,368,124 18,368,671 Greater Mumbai 5,970,575 8,243,405 9,925,891 11,978,450 12,442,373 Decadal Growth Rate (In percentages) Maharashtra Urban GMUA Greater Mumbai Source: Census of India, 2001 and 2011

12 Mumbai Population POPULATION IN SUBURBS HAS SHOWN A STEADY INCREASE. ISLAND CITY POPULATION TO GREATER MUMBAI HAS BEEN DECREASING CONSISTENTLY AND EXPECTED TO FURTHER DECLINE % ISLAND CITY % SUBURBS % ISLAND CITY % SUBURBS 2034 Area Island City District Population to Total Population (In million) GREATER MUMBAI 1991* 2001* 2011* % Suburbs 68 % Greater Mumbai 100 % % % % % % % % % % % % % million (100%) Census 2011 Population in Thousands SUBURBS 9.36 million (75%) Census ISLAND CITY 3.08 million (25%) Census Population in Greater Mumbai, Island City and Suburban District: *Source: Census of India, 1991,2001 and Census of India (Provisional Data), 2011

13 Migration scenario Migrants to Greater Mumbai total Population total Migrant % Trend of Migration 60% 50% 40% 30% % of Migrants 20% 10% 0% Source: Human Resource Development Report 2009

14 Year % migrants NSS 64 th round census data unavailable

15 Population Growth in MMR Corporations Population Figures (in lakhs) As per Census 2001 Annual Compound Growth Rate (%) Figures (in lakhs) As per Census 2011 Annual Compound Growth Rate (%) Municipal Corporations 1 Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai Thane Municipal Corporation Kalyan- Dombivali Municipal Corporation Ulhasnagar Municipal Corporation Mira -Bhayandar Municipal Corporation Bhiwandi-Nizampur Municipal Corporation Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation Vasai Virar City Municipal Corporation

16 ENABLING REASONS FOR PERIODIC MIGRATION Shifting of manufacturing to hinterlands through a conscious Industrial Location Policy thereby creating jobs in peri urban areas Shift from manufacturing to service sector creating job demands in skilled sector like I.T., Banking, Hospitability through special development incentives Affordability of housing in peri urban areas partly due to incentivization and policy changes in MMR. Mass transport links between main land and Mumbai promoting transit oriented development in peri urban areas.

17 Reasons for Migration Pull Factors Economic growth. Development of Trade & Commerce. Better Employment Opportunities. Better Livelihood Opportunities. Better Educational facilities. Prior Migrant Experiences. Push Factors Poverty & Constant Debt of Farmers Lack of employment opportunities. Need to send remittance back home. Mass media propaganda and influence. Family pressure. Inherent risk and uncertainty in agricultural activity. Job Security in urban areas.

18 Key Challenges ( Seven point charter) Migration and Urbanisation Shelter Security of Tenure Strategy for Informal Sector Public Transportation Basic Urban Services Delivery Healthcare Education

19 Policy initiatives to strengthen urban rural linkages The key challenges are addressed through a multi pronged strategy backed by the 73 rd and 74 th Amendment to the Constitution of India. These amendments aim to create a regional plan With an Integrated approach at regional scale To address various dynamics of urban rural relationship To support sustainable regional development balancing both urban and rural development

20 Legislative interventions 74 th Constitutional amendment aimed at devolution of powers to ULB. Recognizes ULB as a third tier of government. Specifies functions assigned to civic government. Directs States to amend municipal Laws to empower ULBs. Assigns responsibility and strengthens Municipal governance. Mandates constitution of District & Metropolitan planning committee for effective planning of Cities & towns.

21 Regional Planning initiatives w.r.t 73 rd & 74 th amendment Establishment of district planning committee to facilitate planning in rural districts. Establishment of metropolitan planning committee for effective planning of entire region. Issues of spatial development strategies to mediate migration from rural areas to urban areas. Addressing issues of overall socio-economic development within the framework of Rural-Urban setup.

22 73 RD Amendment to Indian Constitution (panchayat Raj) India s Federal Structure till 1990s UNION STATES DISTRICT BLOCK / TALUKA VILLAGE Independence must begin at the bottom. Thus, every village will be a republic or Panchayat having full powers.

23 POST 73RD & 74TH AMENDMENT SCENARIO UNION STATES Municipal Corporation Zilla Parishad Municipal Council Gram Panchayat Nagar Panchayat Gram Sabha Ward Sabha

24 Salient Features of the 73rd and 74th Constitution Amendment Acts (1992) Three-tier system of panchayats at village, intermediate and district levels. Smaller states with population below 2 million only two tiers Regular Conduct of Gram Sabhas (Rural) and Ward Sabha (Municipalities) comprising all persons enrolled in the voters list. Direct election to Municipalities, Zillha Parishad & Gram Sabha. Seats reserved for Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) on population basis Chairpersons of the Panchayats at all levels also shall be reserved for SCs and STs in proportion to their population

25 Salient Features of the 73rd and 74th Constitution Amendment Acts (1992) One-third reservation for women in all categories Reservation to Backward Classes Ordinary Elections for every 5 years. In the event of dissolution, elections compulsorily within six months. Constitution of Election Commission in each state for superintendence, direction and control of the electoral rolls. Constitution of State Finance Commission to determine the principles on the basis of which adequate financial resources would be ensured for panchayats and municipalities

26 Article 243 G reads as under, Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats.- Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Legislature of a State may, by law, endow the Panchayats with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as institutions of self-government and such law may contain provisions for the devolution of powers and responsibilities upon Panchayats at the appropriate level, subject to such conditions as may be specified therein, with respect to- (a) the preparation of plans for economic development and social justice; (b) the implementation of schemes for economic development and social justice as may be entrusted to them including those in relation to the matters listed in the Eleventh Schedule.

27 29 Subjects listed in Eleventh Schedule Urban Planning & Town Planning Regulation of Land use and construction of building Planning for Social and Economic development Water Supply for domestic Industrial and commercial Public Health, sanitation Conservancy and solid waste Management Fire Service Urban Forestry, protection of the Environment and promotion of Ecological aspects Safeguarding the interest of weaker sections of society, including the handicapped and Mentally retarded Slum improvement And upgradation Urban Poverty Alleviation Roads and Bridges Provision of Urban Amenities Provision of Cultural, Educational and Aesthetic Aspects Burial, Cremations and its Grounds, electric crematorium etc Cattle Ponds; Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Registration of Births and Deaths Public amenities including street Lighting, Parking Lots, bus stops and public conveniences Regulation of Slaughter Houses and Tanneries

28 Twelfth Schedule lists 18 Subjects to Municipalities Urban Planning & Town Planning Regulation of Land use and construction of building Planning for Social and Economic development Water Supply for domestic Industrial and commercial Public Health, sanitation Conservancy and solid waste Management Fire Service Urban Forestry, protection of the Environment and promotion of Ecological aspects Safeguarding the interest of weaker sections of society, including the handicapped and Mentally retarded Slum improvement And upgradation Urban Poverty Alleviation Roads and Bridges Provision of Urban Amenities Provision of Cultural, Educational and Aesthetic Aspects Burial, Cremations and its Grounds, electric crematorium etc Cattle Ponds; Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Registration of Births and Deaths Public amenities including street Lighting, Parking Lots, bus stops and public conveniences Regulation of Slaughter Houses and Tanneries

29 Key Challenges Physical Challenges Difficult Landform and Geography Scarcity of Developable Land Inadequate transportation system capacity and unacceptable levels of safety Social Challenges Re-settlement & Rehabilitation Economic Challenges Increasing Job Opportunities and Incomes Global Competitiveness Institutional Challenges Multiplicity of agencies and lack of coordination Lack of Institutional Framework/setup Inadequate Technical Resources to implement large scale projects

30 Key Challenges Financial Challenges Huge Gap in Demand and Supply of Infrastructure Resource Mobilization and Fiscal Management Others Environmental Degradation and Protection Traffic congestion resulting from private vehicle growth

31 MMR Case to strengthen social & economical linkages : Urban & rural areas. A distinctive Global Financial Centre : Nariman Point, Cuffe Parade, Fort Redevelopment 5 Townships in the Neighborhood : Alibaug- Pen, Greater Panvel, Greater Kalyan, Bhiwandi, Vasai-Virar Existing City Regeneration : Mumbai & Navi Mumbai Comprehensive Housing : slum free, increased per capita living space, public & affordable housing Well-distributed Employment : Industries, city & town centers Efficient transportation : 5 trans-harbor links, high-speed rail, Public Transport (incl. BRTS) DEVELOPMENT STRUCTURE Green City : waterfront, wetlands, mangroves, parks, forests & bio-diversity, water bodies, air-quality

32 Measures to strengthen social & economical linkages : Urban & rural areas. FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT STRUCTURE Land reservations for future Mumbai-Goa growth corridor Relocating Mumbai Port to Rewas A 3 rd airport in Rewas to meet long term needs (100mil pass) Logistics hubs at JNPT & Rewas Hi-tech industrial ring in Navi Mumbai Knowledge corridor along Pune rd. General industries along Nashik & Ahmedabad corridors Future City Centre Expansion in Thane Creek (subject to scientific studies) DEVELOPMENT STRUCTURE

33 Possible Areas for Collaboration Mumbai Coastal Freeway : Km (Western Coast Link) Public Transport Infrastructure Development Public Transportation, NMT and Urban Planning Public Housing and Micro-Finance for Slum Free Cities Digital inclusion and ICI/Digital technologies in City Management Technology for Solid-Waste Disposal, Waste to Energy Water recycling, management and reduction of distribution losses Mumbai Trans-Harbour Link : Km Freeway

34 Possible Areas for Collaboration in Transport Infrastructure To develop the rail and public transport connections for MMR based on the future transport demand in the various cities and zones within MMR for 2052.

35 Transportation Projects for Horizon Years 2031, 2021 and 2016 Component Length km Cost Rs Crores Length km Cost Rs Crores Length km Cost Rs Crores Metro System 450 1,10, , ,623 Sub-Urban Railway System , , ,920 Highway System , , ,173 Highway Corridors with EBL 77 1, , ,079 Bus System 4,280 2,150 1,104 Passenger Water Transport Truck Terminals, Inter-Bus and Rail Terminals ,040 2,038 1,126 Total 2,429 2,07,956 US $ Billion 1,772 1,62,890 US $ Billion 1,418 1,32,504 US $ Billion 1. The cost estimates prices 2. The metro system cost includes the cost of rolling stock 3. The sub-urban railway system cost includes the cost of rolling stock for new lines, capacity enhancement of the to the existing sub-urban railway system

36 Infrastructure: Investment Needs S.No Sectors Investment Needs by 2021 Rs.in Crores 1 Port Development 14,437 2 Airport Development 14,400 3 Regional Water Resource Development 14,110 4 Transit Development 108,764 5 Metropolitan Road Development 15,901 6 Regional Drainage 2,000 7 Electricity 54,521 8 Local municipal Infrastructure 27,875 9 Land Real Estate & Housing 4,533 Total 256,541

37 Mitigating Slum Demand SLUM POPULATION IN GR. MUMBAI N WARDS_NEW Population_Slum

38 Topography & Storm Water Drainage System Surrounded by Arabian Sea and Thane creek Rainfall Characteristics; Average annual rainfall: 2400 mm Highest rainfall recorded : 944 mm on July 26, % of the annual rainfall occurs just in 2-3 events Legacy Storm Water Drainage System Gravity system without pumping arrangement No. of Catchments 121 System more than 150 years old in City, Designed for 25mm rainfall and Run-off co-efficient 0.5

39 In a Nutshell.. Storm Water Drainage System Out of 55 major flooding spots, flooding stopped at 9 spots due to pumping stations and in another 6 spots flooding reduced greatly. With two more pumping stations at Love Grove and Cleave land by May 2014, 9 more flooding spots will have no flooding in next rain Further 24 spots will have no flooding by 2014 once four more pumping stations are commissioned. Increased capacity of drains Widened, deepened, trained and extended nullahs and outfalls including flood gates Augmented Railway Culverts. Base map of Mumbai is prepared with 3D virtual model using stereo images and exact ground elevation.

40 Water Supply - Overview Daily water supply 3500 MLD against demand of 4200 MLD Major sources of water supply about 100 Kms away About 40 % Water Supply by Gravity & 60 % by pumping 26 Service Reservoirs to supply water to consumers Transmission Mains 1000 Kms. (1200 mm to 3000 mm) Tunnels - 50 Kms. (2200 mm to 3500 mm) Existing - 37 Kms. (2200 mm to 5500 mm) Under planning & Construction Distribution Mains 4500 Kms. (150 mm to 600 mm)

41 Water Supply - Challenges Quantity of water- Overall availability and equitable distribution Quality of Water- Contamination due to old network, pilferage Improve water supply hours - Present 1.5 hours to16 hours Conversion of Intermittent water supply to 24X7 supply Reduction of Unaccounted for water- Leak Detection & Reduction in loss of water In-situ Rehabilitation of water mains 1200 to 1800 mm Water Audit Improvement in water supply to Urban Poor

42 Sewage Generation & Disposal Total Water Supply 3500 mld Domestic sewage generated mld Sewage collected mld Treatment facility available mld Untreated sewage going to Sea through Nalla mld Sewered Area - 62% Population served with sewerage facility- 48.5% Diversion of dry weather flow - 13 sites planned Master Plan Recommendations: Upto 2031 New Sewers 60 km Sewer Upsizing 100 km Sewer Rehabilitation 360 km Area Sewerage 3600 Ha Ocean Outfalls (Erangal) 1 New Pumping Stations 18 Pumping Station Expansion 43 New WWTP 2 Upgrading WWTP 7

43 Challenges in Sewerage Projects and Operations 1) Paucity of land. 2) Construction of New Facility by retaining the Existing one till new Facility is commissioned. 3) Laying Sewer underneath Railway tracks by No Dig Technology. 4) Rehabilitation of Old Sewer Network. 5) Slum connectivity with Sewerage network. 6) De-sludging, operations and disposal

44 Management of Solid Waste million Residential Million Floating Population in 458 Square Kilometers Area Generation of MSW Per capita waste generation : 450 gms per day Total generation of waste : 6000 MT per day. Biomedical waste : 24 MT per day Generation of C&D waste is : 2400 MT per day 44

45 Generators in Mumbai Covered and Cost of Services House Holds Generators including Slums (Census 2011) Other Institutions, Commercial, Religeous, Offices, hotels, etc.. Generator units Total Generators in ,665, Community Bins on Roads 5969 Number 49 % of the Total Generation of Garbage Doorstep Collection ( Premises to Premises ) to Generators Number % Coverage at Doorstep Manpower Deployed Number Annual O & M Cost in Rs Million

46 National Policy Initiatives : City s role in Urban Development & Management Greater independence to ULBs in urban planning legislations Central funds for infrastructure augmentation proportionate to city s contribution to the national exchequer Flexible regulatory regime which are city specific rather than applying standardized policies uniformly for larger region.

47 Thank You