Do Now pg 91: Describe how freshwater is a renewable resource, but can also be a limited resource.

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1 Lesson 1.1 Earth: The Water Planet Although the vast majority of Earth is covered in water, one in eight people lacks access to clean freshwater. Do Now pg 91: Describe how freshwater is a renewable resource, but can also be a limited resource.

2 Lesson 14.1 Earth: The Water Planet Where Is Our Water? Fresh water is both a renewable resource and a limited resource. Did You Know? If all Earth s water were in a twoliter bottle, only about two capfuls would be fresh, liquid water. Earth s fresh water is distributed unequally. How much water people use depends on where they live and the time of year.

3 Lesson 14.1 Earth: The Water Planet Surface Water Surface water includes still bodies of waters and river systems. Watersheds of the U.S. Did You Know? The Mississippi River Basin covers 3 million square kilometers (1.2 million sq mi), making it the third largest watershed in the world. It drains 41% of the land area of the contiguous US. Watersheds include all of the land area that supplies water to a river system. Every waterway defines a watershed.

4 Lesson 14.1 Earth: The Water Planet Groundwater Groundwater seeps through the soil and becomes contained in underground aquifers. Aquifers are permeable layers of rock and soil that hold water. The water table separates the zone of saturation from the zone of aeration. An Aquifer Did You Know? The average age of groundwater is 1400 years. Groundwater recharges very slowly.

5 Lesson 14.1 Earth: The Water Planet Groundwater Aquifers release 1.9 trillion L (492 billion gal) of groundwater to the surface each day via springs, geysers, and wells. Old Faithful, a well-known geyser in Yellowstone National Park, shoots groundwater over 100 feet into the air many times a day.

6 Flint Michigan Water Crisis Describe the appearance of water in Flint, Michigan What toxic substance is in the water? Where was the contaminated water coming from? Why did Flint poison its citizens?

7 Clean Water is Everyone's Problem What is the number 2 killer of children under five? 1 untreated toilet in Haiti sickened people. What helps clean the water and treat waste?

8 Water Quality Activity Characteristics of Water Water quality is determined by the many biological, chemical, and physical characteristics of a water sample. Two characteristics water temperature and ph can be measured easily and give a quick initial overview of water quality. Water Temperature Unusual water temperatures can signal pollution problems. Water temperature affects the amounts of dissolved gases and minerals in the water. In general, colder water holds more dissolved oxygen, whereas warmer water tends to be oxygen poor. The concentration of dissolved gases directly affects the diversity and number of organisms that can live in an aquatic system. ph ph is a measure of how acidic or basic a substance is. On a scale ranging from 0 to 14, a ph of less than 7 is acidic, greater than 7 is alkaline, or basic, and 7 is neutral. Most aquatic plants and animals require water ph in a very small range somewhere between 6.5 and 9.0. ph is affected by many factors, including precipitation, temperature, and dissolved gases. Unpolluted rain is slightly acidic (ph 5 6); acid rain is more so. During photosynthesis, aquatic plants remove carbon dioxide from water, raising the ph. Changes in ph can directly affect organism survival.

9 Water Fountain vs. Mystery Water vs. Bottled Water Water source Temperature Describe the color and clarity of the water ph test: if paper turns red = acidic General water condition (note anything unusual, such as strong odor, lots of particles in water): Pg 91 in journals!!!

10 Lab Questions pg Analyze Data Look at the readings of ph and temperature for each sample. Which sample had a higher temperature? Evaluate Review the information you recorded about the collection site. What factors in the environment, if any, might have influenced water temperature and ph? Explain your reasoning. Based on the evidence, which source would you drink from?

11 Bookwork Read pages Answer questions 1-3 on page 425 Write answers in journal on page 91

12 Day 2

13 Lesson 14.2 Uses of Fresh Water Do Now page 93: Create a policy that Duval county could enact in order to conserve water throughout the county. One third of all the people on Earth are affected by water shortages.

14 Lesson 14.2 Uses of Fresh Water How We Use Water Three main uses of fresh water include: Agricultural Industrial Personal Did You Know? The average American uses 250 L of fresh water a day for personal uses, such as bathing and brushing teeth.

15 A large natural or artificial lake used as a source of water supply Reservoir Taum Sauk Hydroelectric Power Station

16 Lesson 14.2 Uses of Fresh Water Using Surface Water Most freshwater used in the U.S. is surface water. Surface water is diverted by canals and dams. Drought and overuse have caused significant surface water depletion. Did You Know? The Aral Sea was once the fourth largest body of fresh water.

17 China s 3 Gorges Dam Video

18 Lesson 14.2 Uses of Fresh Water Using Groundwater 68% of groundwater in the U.S. is used for irrigation, most of which is very inefficient. Groundwater mining turns groundwater into a nonrenewable resource because it is withdrawn from the ground faster than it can be replaced. When groundwater is depleted, the falling water tables can cause cities to sink, and undrinkable saltwater to move into the depleted aquifers.

19 Lesson 14.2 Uses of Fresh Water Solutions to Freshwater Depletion Increase supply: Desalination: Making fresh water by removing salt from saltwater. Decrease demand: Agricultural: Dripirrigation, climateappropriate plants Industrial: Waterconserving processes, recycling wastewater to cool machinery. Personal: Xeriscaping, water conservation Desalination

20 Xeriscaping Landscape (an area) in a style which requires little or no irrigation Northern California xeriscaping