1 Introduction to urban water management

Transcription

1 Department of Hydro Sciences, Institute for Urban Water Management Urban Water 1 Introduction to urban water management 2 Basics for systems description 3 Water transport 4 Matter transport 5 Introduction to water supply 6 Water extraction 7 Water purification 8 Water distribution 9 Introduction to wastewater disposal 10 Urban drainage 11 Wastewater treatment 12 Sludge treatment Peter Krebs Dresden, 2011 Department of Hydro Sciences, Institute for Urban Water Management Peter Krebs Urban Water 1 Introduction to urban water management 1.1 The urban water system 1.2 Costs 1.3 History of water supply 1.4 History of sanitation Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 2

2 Peter Krebs Department of Hydro Sciences, Institute for Urban Water Management Urban Water 1 Introduction to urban water management 1.1 The urban water system 1.2 Costs 1.3 History of water supply 1.4 History of sanitation Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 3 Hygiene Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 4

3 Flood protection Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 5 Water protection Rio de Janeiro Urban Lake: Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas Eutrophic state due to discharge of untreated wastewater (NZZ, ) Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 6

4 0 1 2 Population in mio ; Fraction Access to water supply and sanitation Population 1990 Population 2000 Fraction with access to safe drinking water Fraction with access to safe sanitation 0 Africa Asia Europe North AmericaLatin America Oceania Continent Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 7 Urban water system Urban region Retention Sewage retention tank Rain-runoff process Water distribution Reservoir Sewer system Combined sewer Retention tank Sedimentation CSO structure Water purification Infiltration Clean water inflow WWTP Treatment Sludge disposal Overflow Ground water In-/Exfiltration Receiving water Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 8

5 Integrated water resources management IWRM Szenarios and systems analysis Atmosphere / Climate Institutional Framework Nat. land use Agriculture Stagnant waters Running waters Drinking water Wastewater Capacity Development Groundwater Implementation Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 9 Department of Hydro Sciences, Institute for Urban Water Management Peter Krebs Urban Water 1 Introduction to urban water management 1.1 The urban water system 1.2 Costs 1.3 History of water supply 1.4 History of sanitation Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 10

6 Replacement costs for German urban water systems Urban water systems in total 500 bill. EUR Water supply / wastewater disposal 1 / 1 Average life time expectancy 50 a Annual investment need to maintain stable value: 10 bill. EUR/a Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 11 Drinking water prices for centralised systems 2,50 Drinking water price EUR/(person day) 2,00 1,50 1,00 0,50 0,00 2,18 1,76 1,65 1,63 1,26 1,16 1,00 0,94 0,81 0,76 0,75 0,68 0,67 0,52 Denmark Germany Great Britain Belgium France Netherlands Australia Italy Finland Spain South Africa Sweden Canada USA Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 12

7 Drinking water prices in Germany 2,50 2,29 Drinking water price EUR/m 3 2,00 1,50 1,00 0,50 1,81 1,27 1,51 1,98 1,52 1,93 1,55 1,19 1,59 1,55 1,8 1,93 1,57 1,3 2,04 1,6 0,00 Baden-Württemberg Bayern Berlin Brandenburg Bremen Hamburg Hessen Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Niedersachsen Nordrhein-Westfalen Rheinland-Pfalz Saarland Sachsen Sachsen-Anhalt Schleswig-Holstein Thüringen Deutschland Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 13 Drinking water consumption Water consumption l/(person day) Baden-Württemberg Bayern Berlin Brandenburg Bremen Hamburg Hessen Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Niedersachsen Nordrhein-Westfalen Rheinland-Pfalz Saarland Sachsen Sachsen-Anhalt Schleswig-Holstein Thüringen Deutschland Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 14

8 Drinking water costs per year Drinking water costs EUR/(Person year) Baden-Württemberg 77 Bayern 62 Berlin 94 Brandenburg Bremen Hamburg Hessen Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Niedersachsen Nordrhein-Westfalen Rheinland-Pfalz Saarland Sachsen Sachsen-Anhalt Schleswig-Holstein Thüringen Deutschland Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 15 Composition of drinking water price (DREWAG Stadtwerke Dresden GmbH) Umlage Verwaltung/Verrechnung 0,26 Taxes 0.05 Working materials 0.08 Gewinnanteil/Steuergutschrift 0,19 Energy 0.02 Chemicals 0.01 Wastewater charge 0.02 Wassernutzungsentgelt 0,02 Raw water 0.11 Outsourcing 0.16 Innerbetr. Verrechnung 0,08 Loans 0.19 Personnel 0,32 Sonst. betriebl. Aufwendungen 0,03 Depreciation 0.41 Water price in Dresden appr. 2.- EUR/m³ Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 16

9 Water Losses % England Italy France Denmark Germany Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 17 Wastewater price 3,5 3,31 3,18 Wastewater price EUR/m 3 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 2,14 1,7 2,55 2,88 2,58 2,51 2,69 2,2 2,39 1,9 2,75 2,55 2,15 2,27 2,29 0 Baden-Württemberg Bayern Berlin Brandenburg Bremen Hamburg Hessen Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Niedersachsen Nordrhein-Westfalen Rheinland-Pfalz Saarland Sachsen Sachsen-Anhalt Schleswig-Holstein Thüringen Deutschland + stormwater costs per m 2 impervious area connected to sewer system 1,6 EUR/(m 2 connected year) in Dresden Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 18

10 Annual costs Fixed costs Depreciation Payment of interest Overhead and running costs Personnel Energy Operation Renovation, repair, spares Disposal of sludges Administration Fixed costs are dominant both in water supply and wastewater disposal Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 19 Department of Hydro Sciences, Institute for Urban Water Management Peter Krebs Urban Water 1 Introduction to urban water management 1.1 The urban water system 1.2 Costs 1.3 History of water supply 1.4 History of sanitation Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 20

11 Free surface flow conduits, Rome (reconstruction) Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 21 Drinking water aqueduct, Segovia, Spain Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 22

12 Pergamon, Greece, pressurised pipe Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 23 Roman drinking water pipes Led Clay Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 24

13 Wooden pipes, middle-ages Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 25 Iron water conduits, Versailles, 17th century Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 26

14 Sand stone pipes in Dresden (from 1841) Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 27 Steam engine driven pumping station, Berlin Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 28

15 Slow sand filtration, Berlin Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 29 Modern filtration plants Pressure filtration Ultrafiltration Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 30

16 Peter Krebs Department of Hydro Sciences, Institute for Urban Water Management Urban Water 1 Introduction to urban water management 1.1 The urban water system 1.2 Costs 1.3 History of water supply 1.4 History of sanitation Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 31 Mesopotamia, 3000 bc Illi (1992) Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 32

17 Babylon, 600 bc Illi (1992) Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 33 Cloaca Maxima, Rome Sand stone Bottom sand stone brick walls cement roof Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 34

18 Cloaca Maxima, Rome Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 35 Rome, public latrine Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 36

19 Rome, gully Rome Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 37 Middle ages Boccacio, Decamerone, mid 14. century (Illi, 1992) Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 38

20 France, barrel system, 19th century Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 39 Cholera in London (1853/1854) John Snow (1855), On the mood of Communication of Cholera Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management PK, 2010 page 40