Green California Summit It s Happening Now April 9, 2014 Sacramento, California. Porus Sam Antia

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1 ZERO NET ENERGY BUILDINGS: PRACTICE, POLICIES, AND PERFORMANCE Green California Summit It s Happening Now April 9, 2014 Sacramento, California Porus Sam Antia 1

2 STANTEC NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDINGS 2

3 BUILDING DELIVERY PROCESS Courtesy of NREL Performance Based Design Build with absolute energy use requirements. Bridging Document Based Design Build with absolute energy use requirements. Courtesy of Architectural Nexus Design Bid Build with absolute energy use requirements. 3

4 PROJECT GOALS SMUD EC-OC Overall Project Goals 20-Year Program Facilities that will last a minimum of 60 years Highly flexible facilities Safe, secure, and efficient Opportunities to test or showcase new products or installations on site Net Zero Energy Campus LEED v2.2 Platinum Certification EUI Target s 33 Kbtu s/sqft Office EUI Target s 19.8 Kbtu s/sqft Yard Daylighting 75% of all occupied spaces No compressor cooling between 2pm and 8pm NREL RSF - I Architectural integrity Measurable ASHRAE 90.1 Expandable building Flexible workspace Visual displays of current energy efficiency Support public tours Achieve national and global recognition and awards Support personnel turnover Net Zero/design approach Most energy efficient building in the world LEED Platinum Plus ASHRAE % 800 staff capacity 25 kbtu/sf/year RFP also required maximum use of natural ventilation and 90% of floor space fully daylight 4

5 DESIGN COMPETITION 5

6 DESIGN COMPETITION SMUD EC-OC BRIDGING DOCUMENTS NREL RSF I BLANK SHEET 6

7 COMPETITION PHASE ANALYSIS NREL RSF - I SMUD EC-OC Daylight Modeling - Radiance Natural Ventilation analysis IES VE Energy Model - equest equest used to generate AHU supply air flows 8760 spreadsheet modeling of AHU and hydronic water flows. TRNSYS modeling of Central Plant, using spreadsheet hydronic flow rates 7

8 ZERO ENERGY STRATEGIES 8

9 A VALUE ENGINEERING PROCESS THAT ADDS VALUE 9

10 A VALUE ENGINEERING PROCESS THAT ADDS VALUE 10

11 SYSTEMS EXAMINED BUT NOT USED Transpired solar system: preheat doesn't usually provide economic benefit if heat recovery is present! Direct solar gain: night losses & summer gains made it less economic than PV! 11

12 SYSTEMS EXAMINED BUT NOT USED Natural Ventilation Not used. The summer night time temperatures are good for nocturnal pre-cooling, but the local particulate count is high! 12

13 NREL RSF I DEMAND SIDE REDUCTION Courtesy of NREL 13

14 SMUD EC- OC DEMAND SIDE REDUCTION VOIP Phones 2 Watts Standard Phones 24 watts Ceiling Fans 56 Watts Typical Ceiling Fans 180 watts Workstation Load 55 W Laptop, Docking Station & 2 Monitors 18 LCD Energy Efficient Monitors 12 Watts Typical Monitors Watts Desk Fans Low 9 Watts High 14 Watts Multi-Function Devices 160 Watts (Continuous) Removing desktop printer save ~ 460 watts/printer UPS High Efficiency No Space Heater - Saves 1500 Watts Laptop 30 Watts Desktop Computer (Energy Star) 300 Watts LED Task lights 6 Watts Fluorescent Task Lights 35 Watts 14

15 not be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again. ENVELOPE DEMAND SIDE REDUCTION NREL RSF - I SMUD EC-OC THERMAL BRIDGING STUDIES 15

16 NREL RSF I LIGHTING & DAY-LIGHTING Day-lighting is delivered deep into the space with the help of a device called a lightlouver. Separation of glass into view glass and day-lighting glass. 16

17 SMUD EC-OC - SOLAR SHADING & DAYLIGHT LIGHT LOUVERS SHADE SCREENS 17

18 NREL RSF I - LIGHTING & DAY-LIGHTING Courtesy NREL 18

19 SMUD EC-OC DAYLIGHTING ANALYSIS 19

20 SPACE CONDITIONING RADIANT SYSTEMS THERMAL LABYRINTH TRANSPIRED SOLAR COLLECTORS CEILING FANS CHILLED BEAMS 20

21 SMUD EC-OC - MECHANICAL SYSTEM HEAT RECOVERY WHEEL TES TANK COOLING TOWERS GEO-EXCHANGE FIELD CUP W/ CHILLERS HEAT RECOVERY CHILLERS: 180 TONS TOTAL AIR SOURCE HEAT PUMP 21

22 NREL RSF I - MODELING PROCEDURES equest has been used to account for most of the energy uses in the building. Thermal effects of construction details analyzed using 2D heat transfer software to appropriately de-rate the envelope. Daylighting schedules were developed by in radiance simulations by AEC. Thermal effects of natural ventilation strategies in the building were analyzed with IES VE. An hourly air heating capacity calculation was developed for the transpired collectors. A finite difference model of the remote mass labyrinth beneath the building was developed to determine the ventilation preheating benefit of the labyrinth. A combined heat recovery calculation was created to integrate the transpired collector, data center, labyrinth, and exhaust air heat recovery components of the building 22

23 SMUD EC-OC - MODELING PROCEDURES Proposal Phase equest used to generate AHU supply air flows 8760 spreadsheet modeling of AHU and hydronic water flows TRNSYS modeling of Central Plant, using spreadsheet hydronic flow rates Design Phase Energy Modeling: TRNSYS building models integrated with central plant TRNSYS model Design Phase Loads and CFM Calculations Space thermal loads: TRACE Displacement calculations: Spreadsheet calculations per ASHRAE procedure, using TRACE envelope loads Warehouse: 8760 Finite difference model of space-mass thermal interactions 23

24 ENERGY MODELING TRNSYS 24

25 DOMESTIC HOT WATER SOLAR THERMAL 25

26 WHAT IS THE RESULT? 26

27 MEASURED VS. MODELED MONTHLY AND CUMULATIVE EUI The PV system is sized for an annual EUI of Monthly EUI (kbtu/ft 2 ) Annual EUI (kbtu/ft 2 ) PV Data Center Mechanical Systems Plug Loads Lighting Heating Cooling Model Annual EUI RSF Annual EUI Model RSF PV Model RSF PV Model RSF PV Model RSF PV Model RSF PV Model RSF PV Model RSF PV Model RSF PV Model RSF PV Model RSF PV Model RSF PV Model RSF PV 0 Note: The annual EUI values are demand side values and do not include the October 2010 November 2010 December 2010 January 2011 February 2011 March 2011 April 2011 May 2011 June 2011 July 2011 August 2011 September

28 SMUD EC-OC ENERGY CONSUMPTION 28

29 NREL RSF I PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM 29

30 PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM SOLAR ELECTRIC 408 KW 1,156 KW 449 KW 524 KW 30

31 PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM SOLAR ELECTRIC 408 KW 1,156 KW 449 KW Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) provides full rooftop array on RSF Zero energy building, parking lot and future parking garage arrays 524 KW 31

32 SMUD - PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAY 1.1 MW PV Solar (tracking) 53 KSF Warehouse Solar Thermal 29 KSF General Shops 4 KSF Vehicle Wash Building 20 KSF Electric Building 41 KSF Vehicle Maintenance Solar Thermal 207 KSF Office Geothermal Field 32

33 USGBC LEED - PLATINUM 33

34 COMMERCIAL BUILDING COST COMPARISON 34

35 SMUD EC- OC BUILDING COST COMPARISON Nearby Comparison Building SMUD Operations Center 35

36 ANY QUESTIONS? 36