Plants Fulfilling the Future Requirements

Transcription

1 VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND LTD Improved Flexibility of Coal Fired Power Plants Fulfilling the Future Requirements of Renewable Energy System 11 th ECCRIA 7 th September, 2016, Sheffield Jouni Hämäläinen, Timo Leino, Matti Tähtinen Toni Pikkarainen and Hannu Mikkonen

2 Content Background and motivation Development and design of future concepts Drivers and requirements VTT s tools Case examples of concepts Summary 2

3 Content Background and motivation Development and design of future concepts Drivers and requirements VTT s tools Case examples of concepts Summary 3

4 After the Paris agreement the target is emission i free society Need for strong reduction of CO 2 emissions Not only energy industry but also other industrial sectors need to be decarbonised d 07/09/2016 4

5 Transformation of the energy system 07/09/2016 5

6 As the share of renewables in the system increses there will be a big changes in energy system Traditional energy system Future system distributed generation, lot of intermitted generation by wind and solar 07/09/2016 6

7 This is how the electricity production (currently) follows consumption in every second in February 2012 (Finland) 07/09/2016 7

8 Simulated situation if all the needed electricity would be generated by wind and solar (based on available data of solar and wind conditions) 07/09/2016 Consumption and production do not match at all 8

9 Electricity production, prices and import/export example from Germany Solar : 2013: 23 GW /41GW =56% BUT: 6 % of total annual production 07/09/2016 9

10 Content Background and motivation Development and design of future concepts Drivers and requirements VTT s tools Case examples of concepts Summary 10

11 FLUIDIZED BED COMBUSTION PROCESS DEVELOPMENT ŁAGISZA 460 MWe supercritical OTU CFB Development of high efficiency CFB technology (OTSC CFB design) to increase Efficiency (HIPE, CLEFCO, CFB800) Oxyfuel combustion development for reduction of CO 2 emissions (FlexiBurn, O2GEN projects) NEW APPLICATIONS Advanced flexibility for utility plants Dynamic simulation of energy processes Bio-solar hybrid development Solar applications dynamic modelling of CSP (Concentrated Solar Power) applications Control for ash chemistry: CorroStop and CINDY CFBC development Apros Renewables development PtG GtP and PtX concepts 11 Source:

12 Requirements and drivers for future fluidized bed combustion concepts Energy system transition calls for new features for the fluidized bed boilers Target gco 2 /kwh without CCS (~33% reduction) wider fuel flexibility including gas, biomass and thermal solar Improved load following capability design modifications, enhanced role of gaseous fuels etc. Gas/methane economy, shale gas boom, power to gas gas combustion (superheating) could be an important option to improve plant dynamics and emission performance Size optimization: lower load factor, higher share of biomass and solar in the design, load following capability smaller unit size? multifuel CFB solarboosted CFB solar-gas- boosted CFB 07/09/

13 Tools for future combustion concept development: combine VTT s expertise in modelling, measurements and process & material know how Modelling of in-furnace behaviour Dynamic process simulations and optimization Pilot scale experiments Characterize fuel behaviour Flue gas to stack Deposit probes Bag house filter Gas cooler Riser Secondary cyclone Primary cyclone Solids circulation sample Secondary and tertiary airs Fuel and additive feed Temperature, pressure and profile sampling along the combustor height Development and design of concepts and processes Bottom Primary air and grid Flue gas recirculation Bottom ash Gas tanks (air, N2, CO2, O2) Loop seal material sample Techno-economical assessments Performance analyses and in-furnace plant measurements Condition and life management of boiler materials (modelling & experimentals) 07/09/

14 Content Background and motivation Development and design of future concepts Drivers and requirements VTT s tools Case examples of concepts Summary 14

15 EFFLEX Concept Highly Flexible and Efficient Fossil Fuel Base Load Power Plants to Provide Fluctuating Back-up Power with High Share of Intermittent Renewable Energy 07/09/

16 Flue gas to stack Bag house filter EFFLEX Concept development Secondary and tertiary airs Gas cooler Riser Fuel and additive feed Primary air and grid Flue gas recirculation Deposit probes Secondary cyclone Primary cyclone Solids circulation sample Temperature, pressure and profile sampling along the combustor height Gas tanks (air, N 2, CO 2, O 2 ) Loop seal material sample Integration of gas combustion capabilities into CFB pilot to support the development of new concepts Improvement in minimum load operation and efficiency i (minimum i load down to 10-20%) Improvement in fast load changes and start-ups (load gradient up to 10-15%/min) Steam cycle stabilization and improvement in steam parameters with low quality fuels or in hybrid concepts (gas fired superheaters) Possibilities to emissions reduction in dynamic operation (e.g. CO, NOx) 07/09/ Bottom ash Improved capabilities for phenomena research

17 Integration of solar energy into conventional power plant Solar energy will have globally a predominant role in energy system VTT is developing concept to integrate solar into conventional biomass boiler Solar energy intermitted energy source (as well as wind power) in our concept biomass has a role as a energy storage 07/09/

18 Coal fired power plant as a part of gas economy Improvement of carbon efficiency H 2 O Natural gas grid & Distribution H 2 O Electrolysis Electricity grid H 2 Methanation Solar & Wind power CO 2 Coal fired power plant Natural gas fired power station Air O 2 CH 4, LNG LNG market Biogas Bio-CO 2 07/09/ CCS DAC

19 Summary Transformation of energy system set new requirements for conventional power plants CO 2 and other emissions 2 Load following capability Development of future power plant concept needs combination of tools Experimental work Modelling and simulation Techno-economical assessments Flexibility of coal fired power plants can be improved by integration of solar energy gas combustion capabilities coal fired power plant as a part of gas economy 07/09/

20 Thank you! Questions?