Modelling Ecosystem Services in Ontario and Canada Wanhong Yang

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1 Modelling Ecosystem Services in Ontario and Canada Wanhong Yang November 20, 2014

2 Wetland Ecological Goods and Services Valuation Project (LSCF Round 4, 2009) Objective: Utilizing the collaborative expertise of the University of Guelph and watershed partners, Ducks Unlimited Canada proposes to conduct research that will establish the environmental and economic values of wetlands at a watershed scale Examining water quantity and quality benefits from wetland conservation and restoration in the Black River Sub-watershed of the Lake Simcoe Basin (University of Guelph) Economic valuation of wetland ecological goods and services (University of Alberta)

3 ¹ km RAMA RAMA ORILLIA MARA ORO ELDON THORAH The Black River watershed VESPRA INNISFIL NORTH GWILLIMBURY GEORGINA MARIPOSA BROCK 375 km2 EAST GWILLIMBURY WEST GWILLIMBURY SCOTT REACH UXBRIDGE ALBION TECUMSETH KING WHITCHURCH BR Streams Lake Simcoe Basin Township Lake Simcoe BR Watershed BR DEM(m)

4 Soil and Water Assessment Tool Upland Processes Instream Processes Evaporation & Transpiration Infiltration/plant uptake/ Soil moisture redistribution Percolation to shallow aquifer Precipitation (Rainfall & Snow) Lateral Flow Surface Runoff Soil & Water Assessment Tool, USDA-ARS Spatial Scale: watershed or river basin Time scale: Continuous, daily Data organization: subbasins or hydrologic response units (HRU s) Land phase and routing phase modeling are based on mass balance calculations Inputs: weather, soil properties, topography, land use, and land management practices Outputs: simulated flow, sediment, and chemical concentrations at river reach, subbasin and HRU level

5 SWAT Setup, Calibration, Validation 5-m m DEM, ELC (landuse( landuse), wetland inventory data, soil (OMAFRA and CANSIS), temperature and precipitation (Environment Canada) Land management data: Crop rotation, planting and harvest time, tillage type and time, fertilizer rate and time (OMAFRA) Riparian wetland module (flow, sediment, TN and TP components) A total of 51 subbasins were delineated based on the defined subbasin outlets (main tributaries, monitoring stations, and Water Pollution Control Plant). Calibration and validation: Observed flow, sediment, TN, and TP data ( :Warm 1988:Warm-up, :Calibration, :Validation) 1998:Validation)

6 Loss vs. Restoration Riparian Wetlands in year ,590 ha (Base Scenario) Riparian Wetlands in year ,237 ha (Upper restoration limit) Loss from 7,590 ha to 0 ha Restoration from 7,590 ha to 11,237 ha, increase by 48%

7 Wetland Restoration and Loss Scenarios Source: Pattison, J., Yang, W., Liu, Y.B., and Gabor, S A Business Case for Wetland Conservation: The Black River Subwatershed, Ducks Unlimited Canada.

8 Phosphorus Removal and Valuation Source: Pattison, J., Yang, W., Liu, Y.B., and Gabor, S A Business Case for Wetland Conservation: The Black River Subwatershed, Ducks Unlimited Canada.

9 Nitrogen Removal and Valuation Source: Pattison, J., Yang, W., Liu, Y.B., and Gabor, S A Business Case for Wetland Conservation: The Black River Subwatershed, Ducks Unlimited Canada.

10 Additional EGS and Valuation Source: Pattison, J., Yang, W., Liu, Y.B., and Gabor, S A Business Case for Wetland Conservation: The Black River Subwatershed, Ducks Unlimited Canada.

11 Annual Costs of Wetland Restoration and Loss Scenarios Source: Pattison, J., Yang, W., Liu, Y.B., and Gabor, S A Business Case for Wetland Conservation: The Black River Subwatershed, Ducks Unlimited Canada.

12 Cost Benefits Analysis for Phosphors Removal Source: Pattison, J., Yang, W., Liu, Y.B., and Gabor, S A Business Case for Wetland Conservation: The Black River Subwatershed, Ducks Unlimited Canada.

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14 The Brougton s Creek Watershed 25,139 hectares 74.1% agriculture 10.8% range land 9.8% wetland 4.0% forest

15 Wetland Drainage 2,998 hectares 2,379 hectares

16 TN and TP Removal under Wetland Restoration Scenarios Source: Yang, W., Wang, X., Gabor, S., Boychuk, L., and Badiou, P Water Quantity and Quality Benefits from Wetland Conservation and Restoration in the Broughton s Creek Watershed, Ducks Unlimited Canada.

17 Source: Ducks Unlimited Canada.

18 MBI Programs in Australia

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20 A Conservation Industry??? Market Institutions Regulatory Systems Conservation Market Conservation Investors Financial and Non-financial Measures - Government - NGOs - Private Industries - Financial Institutions - The General Public (inc. Farmers) Conservation Producers - Farmers/Farmers Groups - NGOs - Private Industries Conservation Entrepreneurship Conservation Service Providers - Government - NGOs - Research Institutions - Consulting Firms - Volunteers/Volunteer Groups Capacity Building Quantifying Conservation Benefits Conservation Business Models Conservation Accounting and Auditing

21 Contact Information Dr. Wanhong Yang and Dr. Yongbo Liu Watershed Evaluation Group Department of Geography University of Guelph Tel: X or Fax: wayang@uoguelph.ca lyongbo@uoguelph.ca