Improving spray deposition in orchard spraying by a Munckhof multiple row sprayer

Transcription

1 Improving spray deposition in orchard spraying by a Munckhof multiple row sprayer Suprofruit Hasselt Belgium, May 10 th 2017 Marcel Wenneker, Wageningen Plant Research

2 Spray drift from orchard applications Evaluation of drift figures: Actual situation: > 1 st May 7%;< 1 st May 17%. Future situation: > 1 st May 11,0%; < 1 st May 22,6%. (re-) registration of PPP will be more difficult. Water quality and non-target organisms (>95% d.r.). Measurements of water quality parameters. Residents and bystander exposure. Need for increased emission reduction Spray drift reduction Improved spray deposition (=> lower dose rate)

3 Drift and drift reduction Since 2007: it is mandatory to use one of 7 drift mitigations measures to realize 90% drift reduction along water ways (+ additional label restrictions). 75% drift reduction for all orchards! (July 2017?) Label restrictions: depending on toxicity of product. Classified drift reducing techniques for orchards DRT: 50%, 75%, 90%, 95%, 97.5%, 99%. Spray drift reducing technology in drift reduction classes Combination of measures e.g.: Nozzles + one sided spraying. Nozzles + specific sprayer type and configurations.

4 Classification of nozzles (extended in 2016) Drift reduction class 50% 75% 90% 95% Nozzle pressure (bar) Nozzle pressure (bar) Nozzle pressure (bar) Nozzle pressure (bar) BCPC M/C 2 Lechler ID TeeJet DG BCPC VC/XC 2 Lechler IDK Albuz TVI Lechler ID Lechler IDK Lechler IDK Lechler IDK TeeJet AI Albuz TVI Lechler IDK Albuz TVI TeeJet AI Albuz TVI TeeJet AI Lechler ID TeeJet AI TeeJet AI Lechler IDK BCPC C/VC 2.5 Lechler IDK Lechler IDK Albuz AVI

5 Multiple row sprayers Rapid increase in numbers of multiple row sprayers in NL. Require less time to spray an orchard (organic growers!!). Timeliness is higher. Better anticipation to weather conditions. Efficacy of pest and disease control improves. It is assumed that these sprayers reduce spray drift, compared to standard crossflow sprayers.

6 Hail nets and multiple row sprayers 6

7 Airborne spray drift KWH multiple row height (m) height (m) ,00 10,00 20,00 30,00 40,00 50,00 60,00 70,00 drift (%) dormant trees ,00 5,00 10,00 15,00 drift (%) full leaf trees Mun ATR Lilac Mun TVI KWH ATR Lilac KWH TVI KWH manual var KWH 400 rpm KWH VLOS Mun ATR Lilac Mun TVI KWH ATR Lilac KWH TV KWH man var KWH 400 rpm KWH VLOS Very high spray drift reductions can be achieved by a KWH 3 row sprayer with drift reducing nozzles. One sided spraying of outer tree row can be avoided. Introduction of drift reduction classes of 97.5% and 99.0% in the spray drift reduction classification system is possible. Airborne spray drift is also significantly reduced by using a KWH 3 row sprayer and drift reducing nozzles.

8 Spray drift reduction Munckhof multiple row sprayer 8

9 Spray drift reduction Munckhof multiple row sprayer 9

10 Results: spray drift (deposition) 10

11 Results: spray drift (airborne) 11

12 Spray drift (effect of air outlet) 12

13 Summarized results Munckhof MAS 3-row orchard sprayer - spray drift reduction ( m distance from the last tree row): standard Albuz ATR lilac hollow cone nozzles and closure of the outside air assistance outlet of the outside spray element => 80.0% spray drift reduction. 90% drift reducing Lechler ID9001 nozzles and closure of the outside air assistance outlet of the outside spray element => 96.7% spray drift reduction. Airborne spray drift standard Albuz ATR lilac hollow cone nozzles and closure of the outside air assistance outlet of the outside spray element => 33.8% reduction. 90% drift reducing Lechler ID9001 nozzles => 95.5% reduction. 13

14 Further research Project started in Multiple row sprayers. 2 row sprayer instead of 3 row sprayer spray deposition nozzle type (ATR, TVI) air assistance Improved deposition => lower dose rate (maintaining treshold deposition). Biological efficacy; Drift measurements; Registration procedures!

15 Experiments Reference sprayer (Munckhof) 1. standard conventional cross-flow fan sprayer (Munckhof); Albuz ATR lilac at 7 bar spray pressure (Fine spray quality). Multiple row orchard sprayer Munckhof to spray two tree rows from both sides 3. Munckhof equipped with Albuz ATR Lilac nozzles. 4. Munckhof equipped with Albuz TVI nozzles.

16 Experimental set-up Measurements were performed during the full leaf stage of the apple trees (2016). Air settings for the reference sprayer (Munckhof) were a high gear box setting and 540 rpm of the pto. The multiple row sprayer was tested at fan settings of 400 and 540 rpm of the pto. Spray deposition measurements and sampling procedure were carried out following the ISO Sprayed solution: fluorescent dye BSF; 0,5-1 g/l; and a non-ionic surfactant (Agral; 7,5 ml/100 l).

17 Field measurements 17

18 Measuring spray deposition on leaves Dry after spraying Pick the leaves 4 trees Each tree in 7 compartments Count leaves per compartment Pick every 10 th leaf and store west east top 1,9m middle 1,2m bottom 0,5m inside 18

19 Measuring deposition check on application Check on application by collecting on vertical poles Filter paper, 2 cm x 50 cm height of 300 cm 4 poles 19

20 Results multiple row mean values ATR Lilac nozzle with low air volume (200 L/ha) mean deposition per tree [µl/cm 2 ] comp mean 1 west out in east in out west middle east middle top mean Calculated L/ha from LAI

21 Results multiple row mean values ATR Lilac nozzle with high air volume (200 L/ha) mean deposition per tree [µl/cm 2 ] comp mean 1 west out in east in out west middle east middle top mean Calculated L/ha from LAI

22 Spray deposition (µl/cm 2 ) in seven tree sections Reference sprayer (Munckhof) ATRlilac@7 bar, full air Munckhof multiple row sprayer, ATR lilac@7 bar, low air Munckhof multiple row sprayer, ATR lilac@7 bar, full air

23 Discussion I Munckhof multiple row sprayer: Significant spray drift reduction (deposition & airborne drift) Standard lilac nozzles Venturi nozzles On average spray deposition in the whole tree is for the Munckhof multiple row sprayer in low and full air (respectively 0.59 and 0.67 µl/cm 2 ) higher than for the standard Munckhof cross-flow fan sprayer full air (0.53 µl/cm 2 ). In some of the tree compartments the Munckhof multiple row sprayer increased spray deposition by 50-90%, compared to the reference sprayer; especially in the tree compartments Top, Bottom Inside West, and Bottom Outside West. 23

24 Discussion II Further research is needed to adjusted sprayer configurations for improvement of spray deposition in the tree canopy. Many questions, e.g.: Minimal required deposition per leaf (µl/cm 2 ) => agrochemical industries? No answers!! Uniform deposition? (upper/lower leaf side)? Single multiple applications TRV/LWA/BBCH (agrochemical industries) Minimizing variation of deposition Lower limit ; Upper limit Decrease of # leaves with minimal deposition? Increasing average deposition? 24

25 Thank you for your attention Many thanks to: Pleun van Velde, Hein Stallinga, Jan van de Zande, Jean Marie Michielsen, Ron Anbergen, Pieter van Dalfsen & various students acknowledgement PPS KV