Green Jobs Selected activities in the Asia & Pacific Region. Ivanka Mamic ILO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific

Transcription

1 Green Jobs Selected activities in the Asia & Pacific Region Ivanka Mamic ILO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific

2 Greener Business Asia

3 GBA: Links Dialogue, Working Conditions, Productivity and Environment Targets supply chains Win, win, win: triple bottom line Environmental focus: Env. Protection (air, water, waste) Resource efficiency Countries: Thailand and Philippines

4 GBA key elements Dialogue-Based Enterprise-Level Interventions Research and Forums Tripartite Capacity Building

5 Project Structure Project Structure Immediate Objective 1 Awareness Raising and Knowledge Development Research Document High Level Expert Validation Meeting Model Enterprises Review of Training Materials and Service Providers Training Tripartite Leaders Training Needs Assessment Immediate Objective 1 Training and Capacity Building Material Development and Baseline Surveys Training Materials Development Training Delivery Training Delivery Immediate Objective 1 Knowledge Sharing Documentation of Results Knowledge and Experience Sharing Forums

6 Milestones in 2010 Research on three sectors in each country completed Sectors of intervention identified Validation meetings held Project Advisory Committee established for the Philippines, consultations carried out for Thailand Further research on the selected sectors conducted Review of available training materials carried out

7 The research and selection Philippines Three sectors reviewed: electronics, automotive, construction The automotive industry selected as the sector of focus

8 The Automotive Sector INDUSTRY SALES = 124,449 CONTRIBUTION TO GDP = 12 % CONTRIBUTION TO LABOR DIRECT = 70,000, ANCILLIARY = 350,000 TOTAL COUNTRY FLEET: 5.9 MILLION CARS & LIGHT TRUCKS: MILLION BUSES & HEAVY TRUCKS:353 THOUSAND MOTORCYCLES :2.98 MILLION AVERAGE GROWTH = 5.13%

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10 Emissions and waste in the sector Motorcycles Passenger cars Commercial Vehicles Air emissions Solid waste Waste Water Oil Waste Scrap Motor Vehicle Assemblers FIRST TIER ENGINE, TRANSMISSION, WHEELS SUSPENSION, BRAKE SYSTEM, ELECTRONIC & ELECTRICAL SECOND TIER STAMPING, PLASTICS,RUBBER, CASTINGS, FORGING, TRIMMING & FUNCTION-ELECTRICAL SUPPLIERS RUBBER PLASTIC IRON, STEEL / Metals AUTO GLASS LEATHER/FABRIC Machinery Electrical Parts JIGS & FIXTURES Chemicals & others

11 Greener Business potential in the automotive sector Presence of good practices and commitment by industry leaders Green drivers Opportunities for cost reductions thanks to increased resource efficiency

12 The research and selection - Thailand Review of electrical and electronics, automotive, tourism Tourism selected as the sector of focus

13 The Tourism Sector CONTRIBUTION TO GDP: 13% CONTRIBUTION TO EMPLOYMENT: 3 MILLION JOBS, 10 % OF TOTAL EMPLOYMENT STEADY GROWTH OVER THE YEARS FROM 5.25 MILLION TOURISTS PER YEAR IN 1992 TO MILLION IN MILLION INTERNATIONAL ARRIVALS EXPECTED IN 2011

14 SOURCE.: M. Porter 2003

15 Thailand tourism sector the environment as a key asset 103 National Parks 89 Wildlife Sanctuaries 3219 km of coastline The wealth of biodiversity (4951 recorded animal and 2829 plant species)... and of course energy and water resources

16 Yet these assets threatened by unsustainable practices in the sector that lead to Waste management problems Air and water pollution Contribution to climate change from unsustainable energy demands Pressure on water resources Habitat loss

17 Some figures More than 30% of waste is improperly disposed and managed More than 52% of reefs are at high or very high risk Minimum water demand by foreign tourists: over 40 million cu.m in 2006

18 Tourism & Sustainability Sustainability principles refer to the environmental, economic and sociocultural aspects of tourism development A sustainable balance must be established between these three dimensions to guarantee its long term sustainability. (WTO, 2004)

19 Greener business potential in the tourism sector Strong links of the sector with environmental resources Green drivers Consumer demand state of the local environment + concerns over sustainability principles affect purchasing decisions Cost savings for businesses through higher resource efficiency

20 Current status On-going preparations for enterprise-level training and interventions o o o o Meetings with prospective partner institutions Technical consultations and discussion for material development Enterprise selection in consultation with constituents Consultations with Japanese sector leaders for leveraging existing best practices Tripartite leaders training o o Collaboration with Green Jobs in Asia project to ensure cohesiveness and maximize impact of foundation training Consultations with tripartite organizations to identify training needs and priorities

21 2011 Milestones Tripartite training development and delivery (foundation training in collaboration with Green Jobs in Asia) Enterprise-level training materials development Start of enterprise level training and demonstration activities

22 2012 Milestones Completion of enterprise-level activities Documentation and collation of results Knowledge forums and dissemination of results

23 India How our efforts to promote Green Jobs (quantitatively & qualitatively) can contribute to the inclusive growth scenario in India?

24 Context 1. The Indian economy is dominated by informal employment in the informal sector (around 85 % as of ). 2. The net growth of employment ( to ) has been largely of an informal kind. 3. The growth rate of wages of almost all categories of workers has declined during to A large proportion of the Indian workforce and population (more than 3/4) continues to be poor and vulnerable with very low rates of improvement in living standards. 5. The growth that occurred has been unequal, concentrating its benefits among the top segments of the population.

25 Green Jobs in the Local Economy a scenario Access to (clean) energy for the poor Grid extension Greener development of sectors with vast informality (incl. green & conventional jobs) Agriculture Area-wide collective options HH level solutions Induced impact MSMEs Waste mgt & Recycling Building & Construction - repair & maintenance jobs - some manufacturing jobs

26 Informal economy & green jobs Induced impact Formal economy Informal economy Green Green Jobs Decent formalization Induced impact

27 ILO Focus Access to (clean) energy for the poor Grid extension Area-wide collective options HH level solutions - repair & maintenance jobs - some manufacturing jobs Aim for policy coherence ILO can support: gauging the labour market impact of selected energy projects and resulting skills gap Value-chain and business model dev Partnership required e.g., regulators, technology providers, training providers, financiers, market facilitators

28 ILO Materialize the impact of access to energy into local economic development Access to (clean) energy for the poor Greener development of sectors with vast informality is NOT AUTOMATIC Calls for an integrated approach Need to work w/ various stakeholders incl. convergence w/ gov prog/schemes

29 ILO Tools: Value-chain development for Green Jobs ILO s value-chain manuals are being converted to a GJ mainstreamed guide, VCD for GJ Vol. 1: Conceptual reader Vol. 2: Practitioner s guide Pilot project of Jabalpur dairy sector as the basis for Vol. 2 development Case study available

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31 Participatory VCD approach Steering Group formed and recommendations taken up by relevant stakeholders to implement. Specific opportunities identified to benefit more than a few farmers (e.g., use of wasteland and networking w/ research inst. to address lack of green fodder, selling of calves instead of letting them die, help small farmers set up biogas plants for households thermal requirements with the government subsidy schemes ). More emphasis on information sharing to build on existing institutional capacities (e.g., government schemes, OSH services and tips, financial & nonfinancial services).

32 ILO Tools: Steering Group to enhance policy coherence at the local level Large enterprises lead firms & foreign buyers Industry bodies & Associations Supply industries SMEs & unions Value Chain Steering Group BDS providers & Consultants Banks Accreditation Agencies NGOs & Donor Agencies Government departments, institutes & initiatives

33 Impact Specific impacts at the local level include: Enhanced input supply for the dairy sectors with resulting improvements in productivity Generation of opportunities for additional revenues for rural marginal workers (in fodder cultivation, compost production, new micro-enterprises) Improved environmental impact and workplace conditions thanks to better waste management in dairy farms Increased coordination and collaboration among public and private institutions at the local level

34 Linkage with National Level Initiatives Multi-stakeholder Taskforce on Climate Change & Green Jobs National programmes of action MNREGA National and State Level Action Plans for Climate Change

35 Energy for All (E4All) Goal: to provide energy access to 100 million people in Asia and the Pacific Region by working groups including enterprise development Objective to develop clean energy enterprises using the public/private partnership model

36 Community of Practice Launched Nov 2010 in Indonesia Currently running membership drive

37 Thank you