Synergic Scheduling Optimization and Effectiveness Evaluation Model for Multi-types Generation Resources Considering Emission Constraints

Transcription

1 Boletín énio, Vol.55, Issue 3, 017, pp.3-40 Syneri Shedulin Optimization and Effetiveness Evaluation for Multi-types Generation Resoures Considerin Emission Constraints Gan Wan*, Jihen Liu, Kehen Wan Nor China Eletri Power University, Chan Pin Distrit, Beiin, 1006, China *Correspondin auor ( Abstrat Optimize eneration resoure oint shedulin is of reat sinifiane for e eonomi operation of power system and ahievin emission redution tarets. o ompare e eonomi and environment benefits between eneration resoure shedulin models, whih are under different shedulin obetives and onstraints, onsiderin unit ontribute, eneration resoures, and pollution onstraints, is paper established ree eneration shedulin optimization models at under ontrat power mode, ideal enery - savin eneration mode and e ooperation mode of e former two. On is basis, is paper put forward e power eneration resoure shedulin effetiveness evaluation model, and made a simulation, usin e data of wind power, hydropower, and ermal power units. he results showed eneration resoures under e ooperation model oint shedulin optimization model an sinifiantly redue e dishare of pollutants, produe e least abandoned wind and abandoned water, e overall power eneration profits are of 5.5% and 1.5%, respetively, hiher an e oer two models, in summary, is able to obtain more omprehensive benefits. Key words: Emission Constraints, Generation Resoures, Jointly Shedulin, Optimization, Enery Savin and Emission Redution. 1. INRODUCION Reently, Sustained and rapid development of China's eonomy led to a sharp inrease in enery onsumption and pollutant emissions, whih makes our ountry fae a hue risis in enery sustainable supply and pressure of enery savin and emission redution (Bao, 010; Shan and Zhan, 007). he welf Fiveyear Plan requests unit of GDP and arbon dioxide emissions in 015 to derease 17% and 16% respetively ompared to 010. Generation resoures oint optimization shedulin is able to promote e rational use of power resoures, redue eletriity osts and pollutant emissions, meanwhile, it also advanes enery savin and emission redution for our soiety. Researh on eneration resoures optimization shedulin still has some hanes wi e onversion of shedulin model (Liu and Ai et al, 01; Wu and Li, 011; Wu and Guan et al, 009). In e period of plannin dispain, ontrat eletriity is e main performane harateristis, e literature (Chen and Xu, 011; Zhan and Liu et al, 007) put forward preparation and deomposition alorim of annual ontrat volume for ermal power eletriity under e ree modes whih inludes e traditional shedulin, full market, Limit priin. In terms of enery-effiient shedulin, e literature (an and Liu et al, 008; Su and Liu et al, 009) studied distribution network (DG) distributed power optimized onfiuration problems based on e multi-load level and multi-taret load distribution question, whih should reah to e taret has smallest net loss and eneratin unit oal onsumption. he literature (Shan, 009; Shan and Pan et al, 010) studied e eonomi ompensation problem in enery-savin eneration shedulin. Above douments made in-dep disussions for e establishment of eneration resoure shedulin model and its osts and benefits under ertain senarios. However, ose douments laked of omparison and analysis of all types of power eneration resoure shedulin under different tarets and senarios. Considerin e unit output, terms of eneration resoures, pollution and oer onstraints, is paper based on e above bakround reards e smallest eneration osts and pollutant emissions ost as our taret to onstrut e ontratual power, e ideal enery eneration shedulin and eneratin resoure shedulin optimization model under e mutual ooperation senarios of above two dispain ways. On is basis, it also builds a power resoure shedulin effetiveness evaluation model.. MANY YPES OF POWER GENERAION RESOURCE SCHEDULING OPIMIZAION MODEL BASED ON CONRAC ELECRICIY Currently, most of e researh of eneration resoures shedulin almost prepare for a taret has imum total amount of oal onsumption, and rarely omes to e ost of pollutant emissions. For is reason, many 3

2 Boletín énio, Vol.55, Issue 3, 017, pp.3-40 types of power eneration resoure shedulin optimization model is onstruted at sets a oal has imum oal onsumption and pollutant emissions osts..1. he Obetive Funtion We suppose at a reion has I eneratin units, and e output of unit i is it at time t, e relationships between oal onsumption F it and output it are as followin: F a b (1) it i i it i it a i, b i, i are e parameters detered by power enerators historial data. We suppose at a reion has J eneratin units, and e output of unit is relationships between water onsumption F and output are as followin: at time t, e F a b () a, b, are e detered simulation parameters. obetive funtion, hases e imum total power eneration oal onsumption oal, is expressed as follows: M I 1- P [ u ( u ) S + u F ] m1 t 1 i1 k k e e it i, t 1 i it it k S i represents e start onsumption of oal-fired unit i, e represents e pollutant k emission rate in a unit of oal, P em represents e pollutant k emissions hares pries... Constraints (1) Unit output balane onstraints I J K u u u L (3) it it wkt wkt t i1 1 k 1 it represents e output of Coal-fired unit i at time t, represents e output of hydroeletri eneratin unit at time t, and () Unit output onstraints (3) Coal-fired unit output limbin onstraint (4) Coal-fired units shortest start time onstraint wkt represents e output of e wind turbine k at time t. u u (4) it i it it i 0 u h (5) 0 wkt uwkt wk (6) (7) i it i, t 1 i ( M )( u u ) 0 (8) on on i, t 1 i i, t 1 it on on M i represents e imum ontinuous runnin time of oal-fired unit i, i, t 1 represents e time at oal-fired unit i has ontinuous run at time t 1. (5) Coal-fired units shortest downtime onstrained ( M )( u u ) 0 (9) off off i, t 1 i it i, t 1 off off M i represents e imum ontinuous takin off time of oal-fired unit i, i, t 1 represents e time at oal-fired unit i has ontinuous taken off at time t 1. (6) Start-stop variable onstraints uit =0or 1 (10) u =0or 1 (11) uwkt =0or 1 (1) 33

3 Boletín énio, Vol.55, Issue 3, 017, pp.3-40 (7) Water balane onstraints in out s V h t 1 V W W, W (13) Vh, t 1 represents e reservoir storae at e end of time t, V represents e reservoir storae at time early t, in out W represents e amount of storae water at time t, W represents e amount of power s water of reservoir at time t, W represents e abandoned water of reservoir at time t. (8) Reservoir storae apaity onstraints V V V (14) V represents e imum storae apaity of e reservoir at should be uaranteed at time t, V represents e imum storae apaity of e reservoir at should be uaranteed at time t. (9) Vent flow onstraints W W W (15), q, q, q W, q represents e imum dishare of e reservoir at should be uaranteed at time t, W, q represents e imum allowable dishare f e reservoir at should be uaranteed at time t, represents e dishare of e reservoir at time t. (10) Generatin water onsumption onstraints of station F V (16) (11) Hydropower output onstraints * W * H (17), q t reservoir, (18) H t represents e water head of e reservoir at time t, represents e output oeffiient of e represents e imum output allowed by power station, output allowed by power station. (1) Wind turbine tehnoloy onstraints represents e imum 0 v( t) v orv( t) v ( v( t)) v v( t) v v v( t) v I, O, * wkt I, R, wk R, O, (19) v( t ) represents e wind speed at time t, vi, represents e ut-in speed of e wind turbine, vo, represents e ut-out speed of e wind turbine, v R, represents e available eneratin apaity of wind turbines, ( v( t)) represents e rated wind speed of e wind turbine, urve of e wind turbine, * wkt represents e power upper limit of e wind turbine. wk represents e wind power 1 3 ( v( t)) 1 3 d v ( t) (0) 8 1 represents e power oeffiient of e wind turbine, its value usually between 0. to 0.5, and e imum is represents mehanial effiieny of wind turbine ear, 3 represents e mehanial effiieny of e enerator, represents air density. d represents wind turbine rotor diameter. (13) Pollutant emission onstraints * 0 wkt wkt (1) I k e [ uit ( ui, t 1 ) Si + uit Fit ] Qek t 1 i1 1- () Q represents e imum emission onstraints of pollutants k durin e period. ek 34

4 Boletín énio, Vol.55, Issue 3, 017, pp.3-40 (14) Generatin ontrat onstraints uit it Q i (3) t 1 Q represents e alloated ontrat power of unit i durin e period. i u Q h (4) t 1 Q represents e alloated ontrat power of unit durin e period. h uwkt wkt Q wk (5) t 1 Q represents e alloated ontrat power of unit k durin e period. wk 3. POWER GENERAION RESOURCES SCHEDULING OPIMIZAION BASED ON HE IDEAL ENERGY-SAVING GENERAION SCHEDULING MODEL In e ideal enery-savin shedulin environment, Multi-resoure shedulin optimization model sets a taret at has e imum total osts of oal-fired power eneration and start-stop of ermal power, Speifi obetive funtion is as follows: M I 1- P u ( u ) S + u F em em it i, t 1 i it it m1 t 1 i1 Constraint formula are shown in equation (3)-(). akin into aount e randomness and volatility of wind turbine output and e lare-sale wind power installed easily lead to a lare number of abandoned wind phenomenon, is model ives wind power a e imum penetration onstraint to ensure e stability of e power rid, e speifi onstraints are as follows: on behalf of wind power limit penetration, %. P w t t L (6) 4. POWER GENERAION RESOURCES SCHEDULING OPIMIZAION BASED ON HE COOPERAION MODEL his paper interates ose harateristis of many types of power eneration resoure shedulin optimization model of ontrat power and ideal enery-savin eneration shedulin, what s more, it onstruts e multi-lass power resoure shedulin optimization model of ooperation model, and e obetive funtion is similar to e obetive funtion in e ideal enery-savin eneration shedulin. Constraints: (1) Constraint formulas are (3)-() and (6) () Contrat power onstraints: I I uit it Q (7) i i 1 t1 i1 5. EFFECIVENESS EVALUAION MODEL OF GENERAION RESOURCE SCHEDULING Effetive evaluation model aims at e ree shedulin model is established based on e previous text, ( ) deision variable values are u i ( i) (i) ( ), F,, i ( i), (i=1,,3), he osts and benefits is alulated as follows: 5.1. Coal Consumption it it it wkt I ( k ) ( k ) ( k ) ( k ) ( k ) it ( i, t 1 ) i + it it t 1 i1 C u 1- u S u F (8) ( ) k represents e shedulin kind NO. v (k=1,,3), C k represents e oal onsumption under e shedulin ways. k 5.. Pollution Emissions C ( k ) e K I ( k ) ( k ) uit (1 ui, t 1) S k i e (9) ( k ) ( k ) k 1 t1 i1 uit Fit 35

5 Boletín énio, Vol.55, Issue 3, 017, pp.3-40 C ( k ) represents e total amount of eneration pollution emissions under e k shedulin ways. e 5.3. Units Generatin Profits R ( k ) ( k ) ( k ) ( k ) it it it it t 1 represents e ermal power eneratin profits under e R u ( P C ) (30) k shedulin ways. represents e tariff of ermal power unit i under e k shedulin ways at time t. represents e unit ost of eletriity of ermal power unit i under e k shedulin ways at time t. R ( k ) h ( k ) ( k ) ( k ) h t 1 represents e hydroeletri units eneratin profits under e tariff of ermal power unit under e ermal power unit under e R ( k ) w R u ( P C ) (31) k shedulin ways. represents e k shedulin ways at time t. represents e unit ost of eletriity of k shedulin ways at time t. ( k ) ( k ) ( k ) w wkt wkt wkt wkt t 1 represents e hydroeletri units eneratin profits under e tariff of ermal power unit under e ermal power unit under e 6. NUMERICAL EXAMPLES R u ( P C ) (3) k shedulin ways. represents e k shedulin ways at time t. represents e unit ost of eletriity of k shedulin ways at time t Initial Data his paper ollet e available output of ree ermal power units, one hydropower unit and wind turbines of a reion as an example initial data. hermal power units and hydropower units eneratin set parameters show in able 1 and able. he power load demand of is reion on one day and e available output of wind turbines are shown in able 3. we assume e evaluation of e ost of power eneration is 0.1 yuan/ kw h in is reion, meanwhile, e tariff of wind power, ermal power and hydropower are 0.61,0.45,0.3 yuan/kw h respetly in is reion. In e enery-effiient shedulin environment, e total amount of wind power is still inreasin. In is paper, wind power limit penetration of resoure shedulin model under an ideal eneryeneratin shedulin is assumed to be 50% due to e lare amount of wind enery resoures in e reion. able 1. Coal-fired turbine power eneration parameters units a b on off SC P,t P,t ΔP ΔP (h) (h) (t) (MW) (MW) (MW/h) (MW/h) 1# E # E # E units able. Hydropower eneratin unit parameters W /(m 3 /s) W /(m 3 /s) V /(10 8 m 3 ) V /(10 8 m 3 ) /10-4 H /m able 3. Wind turbine power output and load demand data available output of available output of period Load demand period Load demand wind power /MW wind power /MW

6 Boletín énio, Vol.55, Issue 3, 017, pp Numerial Example Results (1) Units output omparison In e ontrat eletriity model, e ontrat eletriity is assined to e ree ermal power units are 7539, 1836, 143MW h respetively. Furermore, e ontrat eletriity amount of wind power and hydropower is still 000MW h. however, e ontrat eneratin eletriity doesn t need to be assined in an ideal enery-savin eneration shedulin model, Unit output shedulin is sorted in full aordane wi e unit oal onsumption. he total ontrat eletriity, in ooperation model, is assined to e ermal power units reah to 9300MW h, but it doesn t assin to speifi units, e power shedulin of ermal power and oer enerator sets is aordin to enery-savin shedulin model. Output ondition of above ree ermal power units are shown in able 4, wind power and hydropower output situation shown in Fiure 1, Fiure, Fiure 3 respetively. able 4. he output of ermal power units in ree senes 1# # 3# time Analysis results are shown below aordin to able 4: hermal power output is hiher an e ontrat power in e ontrat power model, whih is obtained by omparin above ree models. Amon em unit 1# has been invoked in e shedulin period due to lower oal onsumption, however, unit # and unit 3# are invoked durin e peak of load demand, output omes from wind power and hydropower units in e rest of time, in an ideal enery-savin eneration shedulin model, at 1-4 hours, e wind turbine output almost meets e basi load needs, however, due to e randomness of wind power output is stron, a small unit has a fast start-stop speed is neessary for us to ensure e stability of e power supply, so at 1-4 hours, unit 3# is invoked. e output of ermal power has a reat hane an e oer irumstanes in e ooperation model, unit # has been alled at 5-3 hours beause e ontrat power of ermal power units are not assined to speifi units under is senario, e ontrat power need to be assined 37

7 Boletín énio, Vol.55, Issue 3, 017, pp.3-40 to lare apaity enerators priorly aordin to e imum oal onsumption taret, erefore, unit 3# uses less. he result at e output of e wind turbine aounts for a lare proportion at 1-5 hours an be reeived by omparin ose units at e different time, what s more, start-stop speed of ermal unit need to reah a hih deree, so, unit #, if we onsiderate e oal onsumption and start-stop speed onstraints, is superior to unit 1#, as for e 3-4 hours, e output of wind power and hydropower units an be limited beause e ontrat apaity is no loner restritin ermal power, moreover, ermal power units an be invoked as alternate and omplementary of wind turbines, furermore, unit 1# has not been alled at 3-4 hours, and 1# and 1# unit have not been alled at e 4 hour. Fiure 1. he output of wind power and hydropower units of 1 (unit: MW) Fiure. he output of wind power and hydropower units of (unit: MW) Fiure 3. he output of wind power and hydropower units of 3 (unit: MW) Can be seen from Fiure 1, in e ontrat eletriity model, ere are abandoned wind phenomenon at 1-5 hours and 3-4 hours, and e total amount reah MW h, e wind power output is fully onsumptive available at oer times. ere are also existin abandoned water phenomenon at 1-3 hours and 3 hours beause ermal power have e output priority to ensure ermal power ontrat eletriity to be met under e ontrat 38

8 Boletín énio, Vol.55, Issue 3, 017, pp.3-40 power onstraints, erefore, wind and hydroeletri eneratin output will have a sinifiant redution so at e exess water need to be abandoned, and e abandoned amount reahes 39.MW h. As for 4 hour, we an make most use of e full apaity of e hydroeletri eneratin output due to e ermal power ontrat apaity onstraints are met. As we an see from Fiure, wind turbine output is hiher an e ontrat power model in an ideal enery-savin eneration shedulin model, in is model abandoned wind phenomenon ours at 1-5 hours and 3-4 hours, and abandoned air volume is 534.5MW h, whih is sinifiantly lower an e amount of e ontrat eletriity model. At 4 hour, we annot take full advantae of hydropower units so at abandoned water will exist due to ermal unit start-stop onstraints and wind turbine output onstraints. As we an see from Fiure 3, abandoned wind ours at 1-6 hours and 3-4 hours in model 3, and e abandoned wind was 3.15MW h, 41 MW h respetively, total disposable air volume reahes MW h, Seen from e foreoin, is model has e smallest disposable air volume. e power load demand inreased sinifiantly at 1-6 hours ombined power load demand data, due to e unit 1# has not been ativated, e power load demand annot be met by ose operation units, in e one hand, ermal power inrease e power output to ensure e load demand, unit 1# meet its start needs, are met raer an bein an alternate unit, whih results in abandonin e wind. On e oer hand, is model did not produe disposable water, at is, we an make most use of e hydropower units for e eletriity rid. () Benefit omparison able 5 and able 6 ompare e pollutant emission and eneration resoures profit for e ree shedulin mode to analyze e eonomi and environmental benefits of em under ree different senarios, In order to failitate analysis e eonomi and environmental benefits of various types eneration resoure under different shedulin modes, in is setion, ermal power will be a whole so at we an use it to ompare wi wind power and hydropower. able 5. Pollutant emissions omparison of e ree models Coal-fired power eneration ost / te Emissions / tonne Coal-fired power Start-stop SO otal ost CO NO x otal eneration osts ost emissions emissions emissions emissions able 5 shows at oal-fired eneration osts of ermal power units redues 101 tons standard oal in an ideal enery-savin eneration shedulin model ompared to ontrat eletriity model, however, start-stop osts inreased 3 tons standard oal. he reasons for is phenomenon onlude e followin. in is model, Wind power and hydroeletri eneratin have e priority of power output so at rid-onneted eletriity inreases, whih leads to inrease e replaement amount of e ermal power eneration apaity, onsequently, e total ost of oal-fired eletriity eneration redue, moreover, unit 3# has been used for bakup servies to do e bakup of wind turbine output, whih inreases e overall ost of start-stop. Similarly, in e ooperation mode, oal-fired power eneration osts will derease due to e rowin output of wind and hydro units ompared to ontrat eletriity model, however, oal-fired power eneration osts are hiher an it in e ideal enery-savin shedulin model, at s beause unit # power output inreases in is model, unit oal onsumption is hiher an unit 1# s, erefore, e total ost of oal-fired power eneration inrease, e start-stop ost of ermal power units also inreased sinifiantly due to e rid-onneted reruitment of wind power. Overall, for e environmental benefits, ideal enery-savin shedulin model is superior to ooperation model, and ooperation model is superior to ontrat eletriity models. able 6. Generation resoures profits of e ree senarios Generatin apaity /MW h Generatin profits / en ousand yuan hermal Wind hermal Wind Hydro power Power power Power Hydro Compared eneration resoures profit of ese ree models in able 6, ooperation model owns e hihest wind power, ermal power and hydropower eneratin apaity, and has e hihest overall eneratin 39

9 Boletín énio, Vol.55, Issue 3, 017, pp.3-40 profits, at is, it has e best eonomi benefits. Every oin has two sides. its ermal power should lower its profits sinifiantly, wind and hydro power ouht to inrease its profits sinifiantly. In summary, ompared to e oer two shedulin model, in e ooperation model, multiple types eneration resoures an prevent e ermal power resoures from partiipatin in power eneration, and inrease e eneratin apaity of wind power and hydropower resoures so at redue emissions sinifiantly. We, if usin e resoure shedulin optimization model based on ooperation, an take advantae of e environmental benefits of wind power, hydropower and oer renewable enery soures when makin optimal use of power resoures. 7. CONCLUSIONS his paper aims at e ontrat power, e ideal enery eneration shedulin and eneratin resoure shedulin optimization model under e mutual ooperation senarios to establish model for e omparison and analysis of all types of power eneration resoure shedulin model wi different obetives and onstraints. he followin is e onlusion whih is obtained by example simulation and omparative analysis. (1)Unit output distribution of ontrat power model has ertain plans and stability, ermal power units have smallest start-stop time. But, it will lead to e hihest ost of oal onsumption and pollutant emissions, what s more, it has e smallest utilization of renewable eneration resoures. () he ideal enery eneration shedulin has e smallest ost of oal onsumption and pollutant emissions, however, e use of renewable eneration resoures will be limited due to its stability onstraints, while brinin reater start-stop osts and equipment loss osts. (3) Coal onsumption and pollution emissions of e ooperative model have a sinifiant redue, renewable eneration resoures are fully utilized, and meanwhile, it ahieves e hihest overall profit value. Aordin to study results, e ermal power resoures eneratin profits will be redued under e ooperative model, whih will affet e enusiasm of ermal power eneration resoures to partiipate in resoure shedulin. In order to overome is diffiulty, it is neessary for us to study e rational alloation of e profits of multi-type power eneration resoure shedulin. ACKNOWLEDGEMENS his work was supported by e National Siene Foundation of China. (Grant No: ) REFERENCES Bao Bin (010) A Researh on e Poliy Implementation Performane of China s Enery Savin and Emission Redution in Power, Harbin Institute of ehnoloy. Chen Guo-xuan, Xu Yin-shan (011) Researh on e Operation of Casade Power Stations Based on Contrat Power Quantity, China Rural Water and Hydropower, 011(5), pp Liu Xiao, Ai Xin, Pen Qian (01) Optimal Dispa Coordinatin Power Generation wi Carbon Emission Permit for Wind Farms Interated Power Grid Considerin Demand Response, Power System ehnoloy, 36(1), pp Shan Jin-hen, Zhan Li-qin (007) Researh and Appliation of ehnoloies in Enery-Savin, Emission- Reduin and Optimal Resoure Alloation of Eletri Power System, Power System ehnoloy, 31(), pp Su Pen, Liu ian-qi, Zhao Guo-bo, Zhan Jion (009) An Improved Partile Swarm Optimization Based Multi- Obetive Load Dispa Under Enery Conservation Dispain, Power System ehnoloy, 33(05), pp Shan Jin-hen. (009) Researh on Eonomi Compensation Mehanism for Enery-savin Generation Dispa Part wo Desin and Analysis of Eonomi Compensation Mehanism Based on Market Mehanism, Automation of Eletri Power Systems, 33(3), pp Shan Jin-hen, Pan Bo, Wan Qin-, He Yan (010) Market and Alorims for Eonomi Compensation Mehanism of Enery-Savin Generation Dispa, Power System ehnoloy, 34(04), pp an Yon-un, Liu Don, Ruan Qian-tou (008) Optimal Alloation of Distributed Generation and Its Parallel Computation Considerin Enery-savin Dispain, Automation of Eletri Power Systems, 3(7), pp Wu Jie-kan, Li Yin. (011) he Multi-obetive Optimized Shedulin of Hydro-ermal Power System, Modern Eletriity Power, 8(1), pp Wu Hon-yu, Guan Xiao-hon, Zhai Qiao-zhu, Gao Fen (009) Short-term Hydroermal Shedulin Usin Mixedinteer Linear Proram, Proeedins of e CSEE, 9(8), pp Zhan Li, Liu Jun-yon, Liu Ji-hun, Liu Jia-ia, Wu Zhi-yun, Wen Li-li (007) Study on shedulin and resolution alorim of annual ontrat volume for ermal power units, RELAY, 35(4), pp