Global HFC phase-down: A concrete step in delivering the Paris Agreement and in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Transcription

1 Global HFC phase-down: A concrete step in delivering the Paris Agreement and in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Presented by Eshrat Sharmen Akand Senior Programme Officer 1

2 Why global phase down of HFC is needed HFCs, black carbon, tropospheric ozone and methane are a group of short-lived climate pollutants which together account for between 40-45% of global warming. Fast mitigation of SLCPs, and reductions of carbon emissions, is therefore critical for slowing the rate of climate change in the coming decades A rapid phasedown of these SLCPs has the potential to cut the current rate of global warming by almost half and may offer the best chance of protection of most vulnerable countries to climate change 2

3 Considering the fact, Christian Aid has undertaken an initiative on Strengthening Southern Voices on a Global Phase down of Short Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCPs) with a Particular Focus in HFC With funding received from PECEIS Foundation, we are doing this in the following countries Rwanda, Nigeria, Mali, Kenya, Congo, Bolivia, Philippines and Bangladesh 3

4 The overall objectives of the initiative are as follows Accelerate a global phase-down of HFCs, supporting the successful conclusion of a Montreal Protocol HFC amendment by the end of 2016 Promote alternatives in the strategies and negotiating positions of selected developing country governments and their negotiating teams at Montreal Protocol proceedings Build the capacity of southern civil society to be both influential and credible on SLCPs and accountable and legitimate to the poor communities 4

5 Under the preview of this initiative, we have conducted a study with the following objectives 1. To observe the trends of HFC consumption in Bangladesh 2. To find out alternatives to HFC including possibilities for retrofitting of existing appliances in Bangladesh 3. To create awareness among electronic and print media about the importance of HFC phase-out 4. To assess the refrigerants used in the imported equipment by the manufacturers and to get an estimation of the refilling of the equipment with refrigerant during servicing or breakdown of equipment 5. To identify if the countries of origin of these equipment have any plan to find alternative to HFC in the future 5

6 What is HFCs and It s use HFCs stands for hydrofluorocarbon. These gases contain a mixture of elements, with prominent amounts of carbon, hydrogen, and fluorine. HFC gas was originally proposed as a viable replacement for CFCs. HFCs have global warming potential (GWP) up to 10,800 times higher than that of carbon dioxide, given that they are currently increasing at a rate of 10%-15% a year, making them the fastest growing greenhouse gases (GHGs) in much of the world. HFCs, factory-made chemicals primarily are produced for use in refrigeration, air conditioning, insulating foams, and aerosol propellants, with minor uses as solvents for fire protection. HFCs were developed in order to replace chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs, that have already been phased out ) and hydro-chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs, that are currently being phased out under the Montreal Protocol) in order to put the stratospheric ozone layer on a path to recovery. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), halons, and other ozone depleting substances (ODSs) are underlying causes of the observed depletion of the ozone layer and of the ozone hole.. 6

7 Uses of HFCs by various sectors 7

8 Consumption trend of HFCs in Bangladesh The consumption of HFCs in refrigeration sector in Bangladesh was divided into two broad categories such as manufacturing and servicing Broadly, domestic, commercial, industrial and transport refrigeration systems fell under manufacturing categories. Bangladesh has had no facilities to manufacture transport refrigeration system. Year HFC Consu mption in MT Source: ODS-Cell, DOE

9 Consumption Trend of R134a in Bangladesh In Bangladesh, the most commonly used refrigerant is HFC-134a (R134a). From statistics, it is observed that every year the consumption of R134a is increased by about 100 MT. Source: ODS-Cell 9

10 HFC consumption by sector HFC Consumption by sector in Bangladesh (Source: UNDP HFC Survey, 2014)

11 Among the HFCs consumed in the country, R-134a consumption was the highest and this was followed by R-22, R-404A, R-410A, R-407C The (GWP) of the refrigerants mostly used in Bangladesh Refrigerants R134a R22 R404a R410A R407C GWP 1,300 1,760 3,943 1,923 1,774 Global Warming Potentials of various HFCs

12 The potential threat of HFCs and global warming Though HFCs are not ODS, they are very powerful greenhouse gases, trapping thousands of times more heat in the atmosphere per unit of mass than CO 2 HFC-134a is the most abundant and fastest growing HFC; it has an atmospheric lifetime of years and a global warming potential (GWP) of 1,300. Currently it is around 2% of total GHG emission in terms of equivalent CO2 Within next 20 to 30 years, it is projected to occupy around 20% of the total GHG emission, if HFC uses are continued as business usual

13 Montreal Protocol and Bangladesh The Vienna Convention established the mechanisms for international cooperation in research into the ozone layer and the effects of ozone depleting chemicals (ODCs) in The Montreal Protocol on Substances was negotiated and signed by 24 countries and by the European Economic Community in September, Bangladesh ratified the Montreal Protocol on 2 nd August, 1990 and ratified its London, Copenhagen, Montreal and Beijing amendments on 18 th March, 1994; 27 th December, 2000; 27 th July, 2001 and 24 th August, 2010 respectively. A nationwide survey has been carried out to determine the consumption of ozone depleting substances (ODS) during the period of The usage of CFC has been completely phased out in The usage of HCFC-22 started massively in 2012 due to the increasing use of air cooler. In 2013, Bangladesh completely phased out the use of HCFC-141b from the foam sector and started using Cyclopentane as an eco-friendly alternate technology In 2015, Bangladesh reduced the use of HCFC by 10% which was one of the targets of Montreal Protocol

14 The Government of Bangladesh initiative to phase down HFC Activities to be undertaken in response to the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol As a vulnerable country to the Climate Change, Bangladesh supported the schedule of most of the Article-5 countries, i,e., base year and freeze year 2024 during Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol. Now DOE shall ratify Kigali Amendment and will amend Ozone Depleting Substances (control) Rules, 2004 (amended in 2014) to control Import and Export of HFCs as soon as possible.

15 Past Activities Bangladesh conducted HFC consumption survey in 2014 under CCAC assistance and implemented one demonstration project to phase-out HFC-134a in one refrigerator manufacturing industry under financial assistance of US Government. Low GWP and energy efficient R-600a have been chosen as an alternative For foam sector, we have chosen zero ODP and low GWP Cyclopentane for conversion of HCFC-141b insulation foam producing process. 15

16 Ongoing Activities For the preparation of HCFC Phase-out Management Plan (Stage-II), DOE is conducting survey to determine sector wise consumption of HCFCs and also alternatives using in different sector. DOE is considering zero ODP, low GWP and energy efficient alternatives during Stage-II preparation. DOE is considering use of R-600a for refrigerator and R-290 for small air coolers. DOE included safety requirement of HFC alternatives during technician training. It might help combat increasing tendency of HFCs consumption in the refrigeration and air-conditioning sector. 16

17 HFCs Alternatives used by Bangladesh 14 importers were selected randomly and KII was conducted. The importers generally import HFCs from China, Singapore, Spain, Thailand, Malaysia and Italy. Among HFCs, they mostly import R134a and R22. Recently they have been importing R600a (Isobutane) which is used as alternative to R134a. But the amount is very negligible (~1%). Percentage of Imported HFC-134a, R-22 and Alternatives in Bangladesh 17

18 HFCs Alternatives used by Bangladesh 7 service shops were selected randomly and KIIs were conducted. The shop holders generally import HFCs from China, Singapore and Germany. They use HFCs for room AC, Car AC and for freezers. Among HFCs, they mostly import R134a and R22. Service shop holders have been also using R600a (Isobutane) which is used as alternative to R134a from But the amount is very negligible (~1%). Percentage of Service Shops Imported HFC-134a, R-22 and Alternatives in Bangladesh 18

19 WALTON is using HC instead of HFC to make the product environment friendly 19

20 Global Scenario for using HFC alternatives A number of global companies that are already making the transition away from HFCs, which reports significant gains in energy efficiency.

21 Future Strategies to phase down HFCs

22 Challenges to Overcome To make people aware about the impact of HFCs on climate To encourage people about using new alternatives To ensure govt. participation in phasing down of HFC consumption To develop R&D for enhancing knowledge on HFC alternatives

23 How does it fit with the Paris Climate Deal and SDGs The Paris Agreement set an ambitious target for ensuring the highest possible mitigation efforts in the pre 2020 period and to keep the increase in global temperature to well below 2 oc while pursuing efforts to keep temperature increase below 1.5 o C. Addressing HFC emissions is one of the biggest actions. An HFC phase down is also critically important to achieving several of the SDGs. Most obviously, goal 13 take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts cannot be achieved without addressing this major source of global warming. An HFC phase down also has important implications for goal 7 ensure access to affordable, reliable and sustainable modern energy for all as transitioning to alternative chemicals will provide an opportunity to modernise equipment and increase efficiency with supporting finance from the MLF. 23

24 Acknowledgement Dr. Moinul Islam Sharif Nahid Akhter Katha Sadman K Monsur 24

25 Thank you All. 25