Current Affairs MCQs 8 & 9 November 2017 PIB TheHindu IndianExpress & Other leading newspapers

Transcription

1 8 & 9 Nv 2017 Current Affairs MCQs 8 & 9 Nvember 2017 PIB TheHindu IndianExpress & Other leading newspapers Sumant Kumar, B.Tech NIT Allahabad sumant.magadh@gmail.cm

2 Which f the fllwing are examples f primary pllutants? 1. Sulphur Dixide 2. Perxyacetyl Nitrate (PAN) 3. Phtchemical smg 4. Carbn Mnxide 5. CFC Select the crrect answer using the cdes given belw. (a) 1, 2 and 4 (b) 1, 3 and 5 Primary Pllutant : A primary pllutant is an air pllutant emitted directly frm a surce. Secndary Pllutant : A secndary pllutant is nt directly emitted as such, but frms when ther pllutants (primary pllutants) react in the atmsphere. Primary Pllutants : Sulphur dixide prduced frm burning f cal mainly in thermal pwer plants. It causes smg and acid rain. Nitrgen Oxide causes smg and acid rain. It is prduced frm burning fuels including petrl, diesel and cal. Carbn mnxide (CO) is a prduct by incmplete cmbustin f fuel such as natural gas, cal r wd. Chlrflurcarbns (CFCs) released mainly frm refrigeratin.

3 (c) 1, 4 and 5 (d) All f these 98. (c) Secndary Pllutants Particulate matter frmed frm gaseus primary pllutants and cmpunds in phtchemical smg, such as nitrgen dixide. Grund level zne (O3) frmed frm NO and VOCs, Perxyacetyl Nitrate (PAN) similarly frmed frm NO2 and VOCs. With reference t Phtchemical Smg, which f the fllwing statements is/are crrect regarding the impacts f it? Human lungs can get permanently damaged due t prlnged expsure t smg. Human lungs can get permanently damaged due t prlnged expsure t air pllutin and smg. The prblems include shrtness f breath, cughing, wheezing, eye and nse irritatin, brnchitis, pneumnia, inflammatin f

4 The zne in smg als affects plants grwth and can cause widespread damage t crps and frest. It hampers visibility. Heavy Phtchemical smg results in the cases f rickets amng peple. Select the crrect answer using cdes given belw. (a) 1, 2 and 4 nly (b) 2, 3 and 4 nly (c) 1, 2 and 3 nly (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4Ans D pulmnary tissues, heart attacks, lung cancer, increased asthma-related symptms, fatigue, heart palpitatins, and even premature ageing f the lungs and death. The zne in smg als affects plants grwth and can cause widespread damage t crps and frest, and the haze reduces visibility. Heavy smg is respnsible fr decreasing the UV radiatin greatly. Thus heavy smg results in a lw prductin f the crucial natural element vitamin D leading t cases f rickets amng peple. Which f the fllwing chemical pllutants is/are present in Phtchemical Smg? Nitrgen Oxides Vlatile Organic Cmpunds (VOC) Ozne Perxyacetyl Nitrates (PAN) Select the crrect answer using the cde given belw. (a) 1 and 2 nly (b) 1, 2 and 3 nly (c) 2 and 3 nly (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 Ans D Phtchemical smg is a cnditin that develps when primary pllutants (xides f nitrgen and vlatile rganic cmpunds created frm fssil fuel cmbustin) interact under the influence f sunlight t prduce a mixture f hundreds f different and hazardus chemicals knwn as secndary pllutants. Nitrgen Oxides, Vlatile Organic Cmpunds (VOC), Ozne and Perxyacetyl Nitrates (PAN) are the majr txic cnstituents f phtchemical smg.

5 The classical example f secndary pllutant is phtchemical ''smg which is frmed in traffic cngested Metrplitan cities. Which amng the fllwing are features f this? Warm cnditins and intense slar radiatin are needed. Phtchemical smg is cmpsed mainly f zne, perxyacetyl nitrate and nitrgen xides. In areas f intense slar radiatin it is called as brwn air while in areas r seasns f lesser slar radiatin it is referred, as smg. Cdes: 1 and 2 2 and 3 3 nly 1 and Ans: B Phtchemical smg is nthing but haze in the atmsphere accmpanied by high levels f zne and nitrgen xides, caused by the actin f sunlight n pllutants. Phtchemical smg is the chemical reactin f sunlight, nitrgen xides and vlatile rganic cmpunds in the atmsphere, which leaves airbrne particles and grund-level zne. The brwn clr is cause by the presence f a varius Nitrus Oxides. Intense slar radiatin is nt required t create Smg. Air Quality Index This index is launched under Swacch Bharat Abhiyan in 2014 Aim is ne number- ne clur-ne descriptin fr the cmmn man t judge the air quality within his vicinity Air quality is declared in 6 categries Which f the statements given abve is/are crrect? (a) 1 and 2 nly (b) 2 and 3 nly (c) 3 nly (d) 1, 2 and 3 Ans D The Natinal Air Quality Index (AQI) cnsiders eight pllutants. Which f the fllwing is NOT ne f them? a) PM10 b) O3 c) CO2 d) CO Slutin: c)

6 Index cnsiders eight pllutants i.e. PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, CO, O3, NH3, and Pb fr which shrt-term (up t 24-hurly averaging perid) Natinal Ambient Air Quality Standards are prescribed Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM 2.5) Particulate matter, r PM, is the term fr particles fund in the air, including dust, dirt, st, smke, and liquid drplets. It can be natural r anthrpgenic Natural surces include vlcanes, frest fires, dust strms Anthrpgenic causes include burning f fssil fuels in industries, vehicles, pwer plants, cnstructin dust, burning f agricultural waste Select the crrect answer using cde given belw. (a) 1 and 3 nly (b) 2 and 4 nly (c) 1, 2 and 3 nly (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 Particles can be suspended in the air fr lng perids f time. Sme particles are large r dark enugh t be seen as st r smke. Others are s small that individually they can nly be detected with an electrn micrscpe. High temperatures usually cause pllutants like PM t be dissipated and mve t the higher grunds. Hence, during the summers, the effect f these pllutants is less because f high dissipatin and kinetic energy. But in winter, where they remain stagnant in frm f aersls, and may lead t serius respiratry issues.

7 Ans D The prblems is higher is Delhi because f mre vehicles and als the distance frm sea unlike Mumbai, Klkata, etc. Mains 2015 Cnsider the fllwing statements : Particles less than 10 micr meters in diameter (PM10) des nt pse a health cncern because they can't be inhaled int and accumulate in the respiratry system Particles less than 2.5 micr meters in diameter (PM2.5) pses less health risks Air Quality Index des nt measures PM 2.5 Which f the statements given abve is/are crrect? (a) 1 and 2 nly (b) 2 and 3 nly (c) Nne (d) 1, 2 and 3 Ans C Particles less than 10 micr meters in diameter (PM10) pse a health cncern because they can be inhaled int and accumulate in the respiratry system Particles less than 2.5 micr meters in diameter (PM2.5) are referred t as fine particles and are believed t pse the greatest health risks PM 2.5 can be absrbed in lungs and pass in t bld, thus, is very dangerus. Air Quality Index als measures PM 2.5

8 UNSC UNSC is ne f six principal rgans f the United Natins Organisatin (UNO). Its mandate is t maintain internatinal peace and security. UNSC has 5 members. Which f the statements given abve is/are crrect? (a) 1 and 2 nly (b) 2 and 3 nly (c) 3 nly (d) 1, 2 and 3 Ans A UNSC has 15 members, including five permanent viz. China, France, Russia, United Kingdm and United States. UNSC Each f the five permanent members has vet pwer. UNSC's pwers include establishment f peacekeeping peratins, impsing internatinal sanctins

9 It is the nly UN bdy with the authrity t issue binding reslutins t member states. Which f the statements given abve is/are crrect? (a) 1 nly (b) 2 nly (c) Bth 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nr 2 Ans C authrizatin f cllective military actin thrugh reslutins. Which f the statements given abve is/are crrect? (a) 1 and 2 nly (b) 2 and 3 nly (c) 3 nly (d) 1, 2 and 3 Ans D Critically analyse hw the Belt and the Rad prject f China benefits India. (200 Wrds)

10 Cnsider the fllwing statements: 1. Catalnia has its wn language, Catalan 2. Catalnia is lcated in the Iberian Peninsula Which f the statements given abve is/are crrect? a) 1 nly b) 2 nly c) Bth 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nr 2 Slutin: c. Catalnia is an autnmus regin, with Barcelna as its capital. Critically analyse hw the Belt and the Rad prject f China benefits India. (200 Wrds) Why shuld India jin OBOR? Pakistan may use India's absence against us Pakistan prviding rute t Indian Ocean India's masterstrke: prvide alternate rute t BB and Indian Ocean thrugh India. Will als lead t investment and an insurance against China's misadventure in future. India extended fast security clearances fr Chinese investments in the cuntry.

11 Push fr greater cperatin frm China n cunter-terrrism, including pressuring Pakistan t act n LeT Critically analyse hw the Belt and the Rad prject f China benefits India. (200 Wrds) China has prpsed the Belt and Rad initiative and enugh prgress has been taken n the prject s far. The prject is a freign plicy initiative with ecnmic, geplitical and strategic implicatins. The prject aims t reinvigrate the ld silk rute f China cnnecting its eastern cast t Eurpe, Africa and Suth Asia. It aims t d this thrugh bth land and sea rute by enhancing rad cnnectivity and building prts in different cuntries. Accrding t China, India is als a key part in this initiative. But India s far has nt made any cmmitment r taken part. An analysis f the benefits f this prject t India are : Ecnmic - The prject will enhance India's cnnectivity with ther cuntries especially Central Asia thrugh China since the Pakistan rute is nt available fr nw. Cnnectivity t Russia and Eurasia and even Eurpe can als be achieved. Better cnnectivity increases trade and peple t peple mvement and ties. Smething which is at a nascent stage with these natins nw. India culd even use Chinese prts in Africa and Suth East Asia t enhance its relatins with these natins and trade. Since India is lking t diversify its trade and imprve its exprt ptential, this culd favur India and help ur Make in India initiative. Plitical - Better ecnmic relatins imprves plitical relcatins and mutual trust. Being part f the initiative will imprve India - China relatins and als with Central Asian natins predminantly. Strategic - Pakistan and China relatins are n a high since the China Pakistan ecnmic crridr being launched. India thrugh this prject can retain the balance f pwer in Suth Asia. These benefits thugh cme with the risk f pening up the ecnmy t China which is inimical t ur dmestic manufacturing thrugh dumping f Chinese gds. Mrever, the security angle f China gaining access t Indian Ocean has security implicatins. Relatins with USA may get hampered. These disadvantages must be cnsidered befre jining the prject. The gvernment has taken the right apprach f waiting and watching Chinese mves befre taking any decisin.