3D Approach for Promotion of Point of Use (POU) Water Treatment Options in Nepal

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1 3D Approach for Promotion of Point of Use (POU) Water Treatment Options in Nepal International Symposium on Household Water Management 2-5 June 2008 Accra, Ghana Biju Dangol Environment and Public Health Organization

2 ENPHO Introduction Established in 1990 as a Non-Profit Organization 73 Members & 40 Staff For more info: Mission Develop and Promote Appropriate Technologies to Enable Communities become eco-friendly

3 Water Quality in Nepal 13,000 under 5 children die every year in Nepal due to waterborne diseases

4 3D Approach for POU promotion Development through Research

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6 : 1994: Research and developed 0.5% chlorine solution Piyush ; 2001: Conducted research on effectiveness of SODIS with support of EAWAG/SANDEC, UNICEF/DWSS; 2003: Several research and studies performed in collaboration with MIT Kanchan TM Arsenic Filter (KAF) for arsenic removal developed;

7 Research: Water Pasteurization through Improved Cooked Stoves (WAPIC) WAPIC Combination of improved cook stove and water pasteurization unit Addresses two main causes of under 5 mortality and morbidity ARI & diarrhea A system installed at ENPHO to test: Correlation between flow rate & water temperature Coliform in raw and treated water Indoor air quality monitoring Stove efficiency Inlet Outlet Raw Water Tube coiled below the main pot hole

8 Research: SOLVATTEN Technology developed by SOLVATTEN AB, Sweden to treat drinking water using sunlight; Objective: Assess effectiveness of SOLVATTEN in different elevations, temperatures & climatic conditions Key findings: o Normally 100% bacterial removal was found in 50 c with an exposure time between 3-5 hours under full sunny day Piloting at selected communities will be conducted soon

9 Research: Colloidal Silver Filters Performance assessment of small (8 litre) SBL CS Filters Performance assessment of Large (100 liter) CS filters Preliminary Findings: 100% removal of Total Coliform and E coli. Average flow rate three candles 10 to 15 L/hr single 5 to 8 L/hr

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11 at Schools Objectives: Demonstrate POU options at 12 schools Promote POU through school children Prepare guidelines for installation of POU in schools Four POU options: CS Filters (small and large) Large biosand filter Chlorination SODIS Scaling up in 200 schools Supported by USAID-HIP/UNICEF

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13 Commercialization of PIYUSH Started Production in 1994 Avg. annual sales: 100,000 units Marketing Strategy Product 60 ml bottle with 0.5 % solution New Product PIYUSH PLUS Price Production cost: Rs. 9; Wholesale price: 12; Retail price: Rs. 17 (US$ 0.25) Place Consumer research on price elasticity underway Drug stores as primary outlets Promotion Mass Communication Interpersonal Communication

14 Public Private Partnership Partnership for Safe Water An initiation to promote POU options in partnership with corporate sector Two years programme in partnership with UN-HABITAT, Coca Cola and municipalities Strategy Capitalize on the comparative advantages of the private and public sectors Partnership with stakeholders Build Local Capacity Strengthen supply chain Awareness campaigns

15 Partnership: Scaling up KAF promotion Partnership with different international, national and local agencies; Promotion in arsenic affected areas through local entrepreneurs; Over 7,000 KAF distributed till 2007; About 8,000 KAF will be distributed during National Arsenic Mitigation Programme between ;

16 Institutionalization National POU Campaign initiated by DWSS/UNICEF ENPHO provided technical assistance for: Developing IEC & training materials/packages Capacity building of government staffs Water Expertise Training Centre established

17 Case Study on Application of 3D Approach for SODIS : Development/Research (EAWAG/SANDEC) Effectiveness at different conditions Different types of bottles Health impacts of SODIS : Social acceptance in urban poor & middle class communities School based approach 2004 and beyond: Coordinating with local NGOs, CBOs Institutionalization through Ministries, municipalities, health and education sector Integration and promotion with other POU options

18 Acknowledgements: National Ministry of Physical Planning & Works (MPPW), Nepal Department of Water Supply & Sewerage, (DWSS) Nepal Ministry of Health, Nepal Municipalities Various NGOs and community groups International World Health Organization (WHO) UN HABITAT, Water for Asian Cities Programme Nepal UNICEF USAID Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Centre for Affordable Water & Sanitation Technology (CAWST) Academy for Educational Development (AED) EAWAG/SANDEC SIMAVI World Bank WaterAid Solution Benefiting Life (SBL) The Coca Cola Company Thank You