Measurement and Reporting of Vapor Phase Mercury Emissions from Low-Emitting Stationary Sources (DRAFT 9/25/08)

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1 Measurement and Reporting of Vapor Pase Mercury Emissions from Low-Emitting Stationary Sources (DRAFT 9/25/08) 1. Scope and Application Te purpose of tis protocol is to establis procedures for te measurement of vapor-pase mercury (Hg) emissions in combustion flue gas streams, using periodic source testing in conjunction wit continuous monitoring of auxiliary parameters. Guidelines are also provided for reporting Hg emissions data and for using te data to demonstrate compliance wit applicable Hg emission limits. 1.1 Analytes Te analyte measured by tis protocol is total vapor-pase Hg in te flue gas, wic represents te sum of elemental Hg (Hg o, CAS Number 7439B97B6) and oxidized forms of Hg, in mass concentration units of micrograms per standard cubic meter (µg/scm). 1.2 Applicability Tis protocol applies to te measurement of vapor-pase Hg emissions from coal-fired steam generators, under relatively low-dust conditions (i.e., sampling in te stack or duct after all pollution control devices). Use of te protocol is limited to units tat emit 29.0 lb of Hg or less in a 12-mont period. 2. Initial Qualification 2.1 Individual Units To determine weter a unit is eligible to use tis protocol, te owner or operator must perform Hg emission testing to measure te concentration of vapor pase Hg in te source effluent, as follows: Te testing sall be performed at a location tat is representative of te Hg emissions to te atmospere, using one of te following Hg reference metods: ASTM D (te Ontario Hydro Metod); Metod 30-A in Appendix A-8 to 40 CFR Part 60; or Metod 30-B in Appendix A-8 to 40 CFR Part A minimum of tree test runs sall be done at te unit s normal operating load (determined in accordance wit section of appendix A to 40 CFR Part 75), wile combusting coal. Te coal combusted during te testing must be representative of, and preferably from te same source(s) of supply as, te coal tat is used for day-to-day operation of te unit. If different coal ranks, as defined in ASTM D (e.g., bituminous and subbituminous) are blended, ten eiter: 1

2 Perform te test wile combusting only te coal rank wit te igest MPC value, as defined in section of tis protocol. For instance, if bituminous and sub-bituminous coals are blended, perform te test wile combusting only subbituminous coal; or Perform te test wit a coal blend tat contains te coal rank wit te igest MPC in te igest percentage used for normal day-to-day operation. For example, if bituminous and sub-bituminous coals are blended and te igest percentage of subbituminous coal used for daily operation is 20%, perform te test wit a blend of 80% bituminous and 20% sub-bituminous coals Te minimum time per run sall be 1 our if Metod 30-A is used If te Ontario Hydro Metod is used, paired samples are required for eac test run and te runs must be long enoug to ensure tat sufficient Hg is collected to analyze. Test results sall be based on te vapor pase Hg collected in te back-alf of te Ontario Hydro sampling trains (i.e., te non-filterable impinger catces). For eac test run, calculate te relative deviation (RD) of te paired samples, using te following equation: Ca Cb RD = x 100 (Eq. 1) C + C a b Were: RD = Relative deviation between te Hg concentrations of samples "a" and "b" (percent) C a = Hg concentration of Hg sample "a" (µg/dscm) C b = Hg concentration of Hg sample "b" (µg/dscm) Te following RD criteria must be met to validate te run. Te RD must not exceed 10 percent, wen te average Hg concentration is greater tan 1.0 µg/dscm. If te average concentration is 1.0 µg/dscm, te RD must not exceed 20 percent. Te RD results are also acceptable if te absolute difference between te two Hg concentrations does not exceed 0.03 µg/dscm. If te RD specification is met, te results of te two samples sall be averaged aritmetically If te unit is equipped wit a flue gas desulfurization (FGD) system or add-on Hg emission controls, te controls must be operating normally during te testing. To establis proper operation of te controls during te test period, te owner or operator sall record te appropriate parametric data (see section of tis protocol). Alternatively, for a unit wit an FGD system, SO 2 concentration data from a certified continuous emission monitor (CEM) may be used to demonstrate tat te FGD is working properly Based on te results of te emission testing, te following equation sall be used to provide an estimate of te potential annual Hg mass emissions from te unit: 2

3 E p = K N C (Eq. 2) Hg Q max Were: E p = Potential annual Hg mass emissions from te unit, (lb/year) N = Eiter 8,760 (te number of ours in a year) or te maximum number of operating ours per year (if less tan 8.760) allowed by te unit s enforceable operating permit. C Hg = Te igest Hg concentration (µg/scm) from any of te test runs or 0.50 µg/scm, wicever is greater Q max = Maximum potential stack gas flow rate, determined according to section of appendix A to 40 CFR Part 75 (scf) K = Units conversion constant, x lb-scm/µg-scf Equation 2 assumes tat te unit operates at its maximum potential flow rate, eiter yearround or for te maximum number of ours per year allowed by te operating permit (if unit operation is restricted to less tan 8,760 ours per year). Also, if te Hg concentration measured in eac of te test runs is less tan 0.50 µg/scm, a default value of 0.50 µg/scm must be used in te calculation of E p If te unit s operating permit restricts te unit s annual eat input, but not te number of annual unit operating ours, te owner or operator may divide te allowable annual eat input (mmbtu) by te design rated eat input capacity of te unit (mmbtu/r) to determine te value of "N" in Equation If E p, te potential annual Hg mass emissions calculated according to Equation 2, does not exceed 29.0 lb, te unit qualifies as a low-emitter and is eligible to use tis protocol. 2.2 Groups of Identical Units If two or more of units of te same type, at te same facility, qualify as a group of identical units in accordance wit 40 CFR 75.19(c)(1)(iv)(B), te owner or operator may test a subset of tese units in lieu of testing eac unit individually For a qualifying group of identical units, te number of units required to be tested sall be determined from Table LM-4 in 40 CFR For eac tested unit in te group, Equation 2 sall be used to calculate E p. If te value of E p is 29.0 lb/yr or less for eac tested unit, te group of identical units is eligible to use tis protocol. If te value of E p exceeds 29.0 lb/yr for any tested unit, te units are disqualified from using te protocol as a group; owever, any individual tested unit(s) for wic value of E p is 29.0 lb/yr or less may use te protocol. 3

4 2.3 Common Stack Configurations For units tat sare a common stack, te Hg emission testing described in section 2.1 of tis protocol may be performed at te common stack if te following conditions are met. Oterwise, testing of te individual units (or a subset of te units, if identical, as described section 2.2 of tis protocol) is required: Te testing must be done at a combined load corresponding to te normal load level (low, mid, or ig) for te units saring te common stack, in accordance wit section of appendix A to 40 CFR Part All of te units tat sare te stack must be operating in a normal, stable manner and at typical load levels during te emission testing. Te coal combusted in eac unit during te testing must be representative of te coal tat is used for te day-to-day operation of tat unit (see section 2.1.2, above) If flue gas desulfurization and/or add-on Hg emission controls are used to reduce te level of emissions exiting from te common stack, tese emission controls must be operating normally during te emission testing and, for te purpose of establising proper operation of te controls, te owner or operator sall record appropriate parametric data or SO 2 concentration data, as described in section of tis protocol To calculate E p, substitute into Equation 2 te maximum potential flow rate troug te common stack wit all units tat sare te stack in operation, along wit te igest Hg concentration from any test run (or 0.50 µg/scm, if greater) Divide te calculated value of E p by te number of units saring te stack. If te result does not exceed 29.0 lb, te common stack configuration qualifies to use tis protocol. 2.4 Multiple Stack Configurations For a unit wit a multiple stack exaust configuration were stack gases flow continuously troug all of te stacks, perform te Hg emission testing described in section 2.1 of tis protocol separately on eac stack. If te sum of te E p values calculated for te individual stacks is 29.0 lb/yr or less, te unit is eligible to use tis protocol Notwitstanding te requirements of section 2.4.1, a single qualification test may be performed in te ductwork leading to te exaust stacks, provided tere is a test location in te ductwork tat is representative of te unit s total vapor pase Hg emissions For a unit wit a main stack and a bypass stack, Hg emission testing described in section 2.1 of tis protocol sall be performed only on te main stack, wit no flue gas 4

5 flowing troug te bypass stack. If te calculated value of E p is 29.0 lb/yr or less, te unit is eligible to use tis protocol. 3. Retest Requirements Te Hg emission testing described in section 2 of tis protocol sall be repeated periodically for eac unit or group of units tat initially qualifies to use tis protocol. 3.1 First Retest Individual Units If te value of E p calculated from te results of te initial qualification testing described in section 2.1 of tis protocol is 9.0 lb/yr or less, te first retest of te unit is due by te end of te fourt QA operating quarter 1 following te calendar quarter of te qualification testing If te value of E p calculated from te results of te initial qualification testing described in section 2.1 of tis protocol is greater tan 9.0 lb/yr, te first retest of te unit is due by te end of te second QA operating quarter following te calendar quarter of te qualification testing Groups of Identical Units If te value of E p calculated from te results of te initial qualification testing is 9.0 lb/yr or less for all tested units in te group, te first retest is due by te end of te fourt QA operating quarter following te calendar quarter of te qualification testing If te value of E p calculated from te results of te initial qualification testing is greater tan 9.0 lb/yr for any tested unit in te group, te first retest is due by te end of te second QA operating quarter following te calendar quarter of te qualification testing In te first required retest, a different subset of te units tan was tested for initial qualification must be tested, unless circumstances beyond te control of te owner or operator prevent tis. In subsequent retests (see section 3.2, below), make every effort to ensure tat eac unit in te group is tested in a timely manner Common Stack Configurations If te value of E p calculated from te results of te initial qualification testing at te common stack, wen divided by te number of units saring te common stack, is 9.0 lb/yr or less, te first retest is due by te end of te fourt QA operating quarter following te calendar quarter of te qualification testing. 1 A QA operating quarter is a calendar quarter in wic te unit operates for 168 ours or more (see 40 CFR 72.2). 5

6 If te value of E p calculated from te results of te initial qualification testing at te common stack, wen divided by te number of units saring te common stack, is greater tan 9.0 lb/yr, te first retest is due by te end of te second QA operating quarter following te calendar quarter of te qualification testing Multiple Stack Configurations If te initial qualification testing is performed in eac of te multiple stacks and te sum of te E p values for te individual stacks is 9.0 lb/yr or less, te first retest is due by te end of te fourt QA operating quarter following te calendar quarter of te qualification testing. If te sum of te E p values exceeds 9.0 lb/yr, te first retest of te stacks is due by te end of te second QA operating quarter following te calendar quarter of te qualification testing If te initial test is performed in te ductwork, as described in section of tis protocol, determine te due date for te first retest of te unit in accordance wit sections and of tis protocol, using te E p value from te qualification testing For a unit wit a main stack and a bypass stack, determine te due date for te first retest in accordance wit sections and of tis protocol, using te E p value from te qualification testing at te main stack. 3.2 Subsequent Retests Retests sall be done eiter semiannually or annually (i.e., by te end of te second or fourt QA operating quarter following te quarter of te previous test) Eac time tat a retest is performed, substitute te igest Hg concentration from te test or 0.50 µg/scm (wicever is greater) into Equation 2. Ten, determine te due date for te next retest according to section 3.1.1, 3.1.2, 3.1.3, or of tis protocol (as applicable), replacing te words initial qualification testing and qualification testing wit te words current test, and replacing te words first retest wit te words next retest. (Note: Te calculations described in section 3.2.2, above, are used solely to determine te due date for te next retest. If, for a particular unit, group of identical units, or common stack configuration te results of tese calculations exceed te 29.0 lb/yr tresold value, tis does not disqualify te unit, group of units, or common stack from using tis protocol. As explained in section 5, below, ongoing qualification is based on te actual (not potential) Hg mass emissions in a specified 12-mont period.) 6

7 3.3 Special Considerations for Common Stack Retests For te retest of a common stack configuration, it is not necessary for all of te units tat sare te stack to be in operation during te test, provided tat te required load level is attained (see section 2.3.1, above), and tat all of te units tat sare te stack are fed from te same on-site coal supply during teir normal, day-to-day operation. However, if two or more of te units are normally fed from different on-site coal supplies (e.g., one unit burns only low-sulfur coal for compliance and te oter units combust iger-sulfur coal), ten eiter: Perform te retest wit all units in normal operation; or If operation of all units at te time of te sceduled test is not possible due to circumstances beyond te control of te owner or operator (e.g., a forced unit outage), perform te retest wit te available units operating and assess te test results as follows: If te concentration obtained in te retest is greater tan or equal to te value from previous test, use te Hg concentration from te retest for reporting purposes and to determine te due date for te next retest; or If te retested value is lower tan te value from te from te previous test, continue using te Hg concentration from te previous test for reporting purposes, and use te Hg concentration from te previous test in Equation 2 to determine te due date for te next retest. 3.4 Additional Retests An additional retest is required: (a) wen tere is a cange in te coal rank of te primary fuel (e.g., wen te primary fuel is switced from bituminous coal to lignite); or (b) wen a rank of coal tat ad not previously been combusted begins to be blended wit te primary fuel (e.g., if a blend of sub-bituminous coal and bituminous coal begins to be combusted in a unit tat ad previously combusted only bituminous coal) Use ASTM D to determine te coal rank. Te four principal coal ranks are antracitic, bituminous, subbituminous, and lignitic. For te purposes of tis protocol, te ranks of antracite coal refuse (culm) and bituminous coal refuse (gob) sall be antracitic and bituminous, respectively Te retests described in tis section sall be performed witin 720 unit operating ours of te cange in coal rank or te commencement of coal blending (as applicable). 7

8 4. Auxiliary Monitors and Measurements 4.1 Flow Monitor Following te initial qualification testing, te owner or operator must demonstrate, on an on-going basis, tat te unit, group of identical units, or common stack configuration remains eligible to use tis protocol (see section 5, below). To make tis demonstration, a continuous monitor to measure te stack gas volumetric flow rate is required, in order to determine ourly Hg mass emissions (see section of tis protocol). Te flow monitor sall be installed, certified, maintained, and quality-assured according to 40 CFR Part Oter Auxiliary Monitors and Measurements Moisture Correction If te reference metod used for te emission testing measures Hg concentration on a dry basis, te stack gas moisture content must also be accounted for. In tat case, eiter: (a) determine te stack gas moisture content using a moisture monitoring system tat is certified according to 40 CFR Part 75; or (b) use te appropriate fuel-specific moisture default value provided in 40 CFR 75.11(b). If different ranks of coal are blended and option (b) is cosen, use te lowest default moisture percentage of any coal rank in te blend in te emissions calculations Heat Input-Based Emission Rates and Percentage Reduction If Hg mass emissions are to be expressed on a eat input basis (e.g., lb/tbtu), or if a certain percentage reduction of Hg must be demonstrated, a metod of quantifying unit eat input is needed. Terefore, in addition to te flow monitor and (if applicable) te moisture correction metod described in sections 4.1 and 4.2.1, above, a certified diluent gas (CO 2 or O 2 ) monitor and a fuel-specific F-factor are required to determine te ourly eat input rates. Te diluent gas monitor sall be installed, certified, maintained, and quality-assured according to 40 CFR Part 75 (see section of tis protocol). Te appropriate F-factor sall be obtained from section or of Appendix F to 40 CFR Part Electrical Output-Based Emission Rates If Hg mass emissions are to be expressed in terms of electrical output (e.g., lb/gw-r), measurements of ourly electrical load and unit operating time are required in addition to ourly data from te flow monitor and (if applicable) te moisture correction metod described in sections 4.1 and 4.2.1, above (see section of tis protocol). 8

9 5. On-going Qualification Following initial qualification, te owner or operator must continue to demonstrate on an on-going 12-mont basis (wic may be eiter successive calendar years or successive rolling 12-mont periods) tat te Hg emissions tresold value of 29.0 lb per unit is not exceeded, in order for a unit, group of identical units, or common stack configuration to remain eligible to use tis protocol. To make tese demonstrations: 5.1 Data from te flow monitor and (if applicable) moisture data are used togeter wit te measured Hg concentrations from te emission tests and retests described in sections 2 and 3 of tis protocol, to calculate ourly Hg mass emissions (see section 6.1 of tis protocol). 5.2 Te ourly Hg mass emissions are summed over eac 12-mont period, to determine weter or not te Hg emissions tresold as been exceeded. Te tresold as been exceeded wen, for te 12-mont period: Te cumulative Hg mass emissions from an individual unit ave exceeded 29.0 lb; or Te cumulative Hg mass emissions from a unit tat is part of a group of identical units ave exceeded 29.0 lb; or Te cumulative Hg mass emissions measured at a common stack ave exceeded 29.0 lb times te number of units saring te stack; or Te sum of te cumulative Hg mass emissions from all stacks of a unit wit a multiple stack configuration ave exceeded 29.0 lb; or Te cumulative Hg mass emissions from a unit wit a main stack and bypass stack configuration ave exceeded 29.0 lb. 5.3 If te Hg emissions tresold is exceeded as described in section 5.2 above, te unit, group of identical units, or common stack is disqualified from using tis protocol. However, in te case were a group of identical units is disqualified, te protocol may continue to be used for any individual unit(s) in te group for wic te emissions tresold was not exceeded. 5.4 Wen a particular unit or common stack configuration is disqualified from using tis protocol, a mercury CEMS or a sorbent trap monitoring system may ave to be installed and certified witin a reasonable amount of time, to meet te on-going monitoring and reporting requirements of an applicable regulation. Unless oterwise specified by regulation or by te permitting autority: (a) 180 days (minimum) sould be allowed to install and certify te monitoring system, starting wit te first day after te 12-mont period in wic te unit, group of identical units, or common stack 9

10 configuration was disqualified from using tis protocol; and (b) tis protocol may be used for reporting purposes until te monitoring system as been certified or until te 180-day window expires (wicever occurs first). 6. Calculations 6.1 Calculation of Hg Mass Emissions, Emission Rates, and Percentage Reduction. Use te calculation metods in sections troug 6.1.4, below, to demonstrate compliance wit an applicable regulation tat requires a particular Hg emission limit to be met or a certain percentage reduction of Hg to be acieved, unless oter calculation metods are specified in te regulation. To ensure tat te calculation metods in sections troug are applied correctly, te missing data substitution provisions of section 6.1.5, below, must be taken into account. Also, use te Hg mass emissions calculation metods in sections troug , below for te required on-going demonstrations tat a unit, group of identical units, or common stack configuration continues to qualify to use tis protocol (see section 5, above) Hourly Hg Mass Emissions Calculate ourly Hg mass emissions using Equation 3A (for wet-basis reference metod measurements of Hg concentration) or Equation 3B (for dry-basis reference metod measurements), as applicable: M = K C Q t (Equation 3A) Were: M = Hg mass emissions for te our (lb) K = Units conversion constant, x lb-scm/µg-scf, C = Hg concentration from emission testing, wet basis (µg/scm) Q = Stack gas volumetric flow rate for te our, adjusted for bias, if necessary (scf) t = Unit or stack operating time 2, fraction of te our, expressed as a decimal (e.g., 1.00 for a full operating our, 0.5 for 30 minutes of operation, 0.00 for a non-operating our 3, etc.) or M ( B ) = K C Q t 1 (Equation 3B) ws 2 Unit operating time and stack operating time are defined in 40 CFR Wen using Equations 3A and 3B, calculate te ourly Hg mass emissions on a clock our basis. For non-operating ours, te Hg mass emissions will, of course, be zero. 10

11 Were: M = Hg mass emissions for te our (lb) K = Units conversion constant, x lb-scm/µg-scf, C = Hg concentration from emission testing, dry basis (µg/dscm). Q = Stack gas volumetric flow rate for te our, adjusted for bias, if necessary (scf) t = Unit or stack operating time, fraction of te our, expressed as a decimal (e.g., 1.00 for a full operating our, 0.5 for 30 minutes of operation, 0.00 for a non-operating our, etc.) B ws = Moisture fraction of te stack gas, expressed as a decimal (equal to % H 2 O/100) In Equations 3A and 3B, te term C is a default Hg concentration value derived from te required emission testing. For eac test, te appropriate value of C is determined according to sections troug , below and is applied to eac our, beginning wit te first our after completion of te test. Tere is one exception to tis. Wen a retest is triggered by a cange in te coal rank of te primary fuel or wen a new coal rank is blended wit te primary fuel, te value of C from te retest is applied beginning wit te first our after te date and our of te fuel switc or te commencement of fuel blending (as applicable) For an individual unit tat is not part of a group of identical units, te value of C sall eiter be te igest Hg concentration measured in any of te test runs or 0.50 µg/scm, wicever is greater For a group of identical units, te value of C sall eiter be te igest Hg concentration measured in any test run, across all tested units, or 0.50 µg/scm, wicever is greater For a common stack configuration, te value of C sall eiter be te igest Hg concentration measured in any of te test runs or 0.50 µg/scm, wicever is greater For a unit wit a multiple stack configuration, if testing is performed in te individual stacks, te value of C for eac stack sall eiter be te igest value obtained in any test run for tat stack or 0.50 µg/scm, wicever is greater For a unit wit a main stack and bypass stack configuration, te value of C for te main stack sall eiter be te igest value obtained in any test run or 0.50 µg/scm, wicever is greater, except wen te bypass stack is used. Wen te main stack is bypassed, te maximum potential Hg concentration (MPC) sall be used in te calculations. For te purposes of tis protocol, te MPC values sall be: (a) 9 µg/scm for bituminous coal; (b) 10 µg/scm for sub-bituminous coal; (c) 16 µg/scm for lignite; and (d) 1 µg/scm for waste coal, i.e., antracite culm or bituminous gob. If different types of coal are blended, use te igest MPC for any coal in te blend (e.g., if bituminous and sub-bituminous coals are blended, use 10 µg/scm). 11

12 For a unit or common stack tat is equipped wit a flue gas desulfurization system or add-on Hg controls, use te appropriate value of C from sections troug , for eac operating our in wic proper operation of te emission controls is documented. However, for any operating our in wic tis documentation is unavailable (e.g., during a control device malfunction or wen te control device is bypassed), te maximum potential Hg concentration (as defined in section ) must be used in te calculations For te on-going qualification demonstrations described in section 5 of tis protocol, use Equation 4 to calculate te cumulative Hg mass emissions for eac 12- mont period (i.e., calendar year or rolling 12-mont period): n M t = M = 1 (Equation 4) Were: M t = Cumulative Hg mass emissions over te 12-mont period (lb) M = Hg mass emissions for clock our in te 12-mont period, from Equation 3A or 3B, as applicable (lb) n = Number of clock ours in te 12-mont period (Note: Equation 4 may also be used to demonstrate compliance wit a cumulative Hg mass emissions limit specified in an applicable regulation. If te compliance period is oter tan 12 monts, simply replace te words 12-mont period in te Equation 4 nomenclature wit te words specified compliance period ) Heat Input-Based Hg Emission Rates Use Equation 5 to calculate te Hg emission rate in units of pounds per trillion Btu (lb/tbtu), for eac unit or stack operating our 4 : E M x 10 6 m = (Equation 5) ( HI ) ( t ) Were: E m = Hg emission rate for te our (lb/tbtu) M = Hg mass emissions for te our, from Equation 3A or 3B, as applicable (lb) (HI) = Heat input rate from coal combustion for te our, calculated from measurements of stack gas flow rate, diluent gas concentration, and moisture (if needed), or appropriate substitute data values for tese parameters, togeter wit a fuelspecific F-factor and an appropriate equation from section 5.2 of appendix F to 40 CFR Part 75 (mmbtu/r) 4 Unit operating our and stack operating our are defined in 40 CFR

13 t = Unit or stack operating time, fraction of te our, expressed as a decimal (e.g., 1.00 for a full operating our, 0.5 for 30 minutes of operation, etc.) 10 6 = Conversion factor from mmbtu to TBtu If te applicable regulation requires a eat input-based Hg emission rate limit to be met over a specified averaging period (e.g., day, mont, year, rolling 12-mont period), use Equation 6 to calculate te average emission rate. E m n Em = = 1 (Equation 6) n Were: E m = Hg emission rate for te specified averaging period (lb/tbtu) E m = Hg emission rate for unit or stack operating our in te averaging period, from Equation 5 (lb/tbtu) n = Number of unit or stack operating ours in te averaging period (Note: Do not include non-operating ours wit zero emission rates in te average) Electrical Output-Based Emission Rates Use Equation 7 to calculate te Hg emission rate in units of pounds per gigawatt our for eac unit or stack operating our (lb/gw-r): E M x 10 3 o = (Equation 7) ( MW ) ( t ) Were: E o = Electrical output-based Hg emission rate (lb/gw-r) M = Hg mass emissions for te our, from Equation 3A or 3B, as applicable (lb) (MW) = Electrical load for te our, in megawatts (MW) t = Unit or stack operating time, fraction of te our, expressed as a decimal (e.g., 1.00 for a full operating our, 0.5 for 30 minutes of operation, etc.) 10 3 = Conversion factor from megawatts to gigawatts If te applicable regulation requires an electrical output-based Hg emission rate limit to be met over a specified averaging period (e.g., day, mont, year, 12-mont rolling period), use Equation 8 to calculate te average emission rate: 13

14 E o n Eo = = 1 (Equation 8) n Were: E o = Hg emission rate for te specified averaging period (lb/gw-r) E o = Electrical output-based ourly Hg emission rate for unit or stack operating our in te averaging period, from Equation 7 (lb/gw-r) n = Number of unit or stack operating ours in te averaging period (Note: Do not include non-operating ours wit zero emission rates in te average) Percentage Reduction of Hg If te applicable regulation requires a certain percentage reduction of Hg to be acieved over a specified period of time (e.g., day, mont, year, 12-mont rolling period), follow te applicable procedures in sections troug , below Fuel sampling and analysis, using te metods listed in section 7 of tis protocol, is required to determine eiter te inlet Hg content of te coal or te gross calorific value (GCV) of te coal. Coal sampling is required on eac day tat te unit operates. Collect te coal samples from feeders or oter representative locations Wen multiple values of Hg content or GCV are obtained over te specified time period (e.g., 12-mont period), use te aritmetic average of all valid sample results and substitute data values in te calculations Percentage Reduction (Mass Basis) Coal Consumption. Use Equation 9 to determine te amount of coal combusted during te specified time period: ( Coal) p n ( HI ) ( t ) = 1 6 = x 10 (Equation 9) GCV Were: (Coal) p = Mass of coal combusted during te specified time period (lb) (HI) = Heat input rate from coal combustion for our in te specified time period, calculated from measurements of stack gas flow rate, diluent gas concentration, and moisture (if needed), or appropriate substitute data values for tese parameters, togeter wit a fuel-specific F-factor and an appropriate equation from section 5.2 of appendix F to 40 CFR Part 75 (mmbtu/r) 14

15 t = Unit or stack operating time for our in te specified time period, fraction of te our, expressed as a decimal (e.g., 1.00 for a full operating our, 0.5 for 30 minutes of operation, 0.00 for a non-operating our, etc.) GCV = Gross calorific value of te coal for te specified time period (Btu/lb) 10 6 = Conversion factor from mmbtu to Btu n = Number of clock ours 5 in te specified time period Inlet Hg Mass Use Equation 10 to calculate te inlet Hg mass, i.e., te mass of Hg in te coal combusted during te specified time period: 6 ( Mass) ( C )( Coal) 10 coal = Hg coal p x Hg (Equation 10) Were: (Mass) Hg-coal = Total mass of Hg in te coal combusted during te specified time period (lb) C Hg-coal = Measured Hg content of te coal combusted during te specified time period--- see section , above---(ppm, mass basis) (Coal) p = Mass of coal combusted during te specified time period, from Equation 9 (lb) 10-6 = Conversion factor, ppm to lb Calculation of Percentage Reduction Use Equation 11 to calculate te percentage reduction of Hg acieved in te specified time period: ( R) ( Mass) Hg ( Mass) coal M t % = x 100 (Equation 11) mass Hg coal Were: (%R) mass = Percentage reduction of Hg acieved in te specified time period, mass basis (percent) (Mass) Hg-coal = Total mass of Hg in te coal combusted during te specified time period, from Equation 10 (lb) M t = Cumulative Hg mass emissions over te specified time period, from Equation 4 (lb) 5 Calculate (Coal) p on a clock our basis. For non-operating ours, (HI) and t, will be zero. 15

16 Percentage Reduction (Emission Rate Basis) Inlet Hg Emission Rate Use Equation 12 to calculate te inlet Hg emission rate for te specified time period, in units of lb/tbtu: E r ( Mass) Hg coal 6 = x 10 (Equation 12) n = 1 ( HI ) t Were: E r = Inlet Hg emission rate for te specified time period (lb/tbtu) (Mass) Hg-coal = Total mass of Hg in te coal combusted during te specified time period, from Equation 10 (lb) (HI) = Heat input rate from coal combustion for our in te specified time period, calculated from measurements of stack gas flow rate, diluent gas concentration, and moisture (if needed), or appropriate substitute data values for tese parameters, togeter wit a fuel-specific F-factor and an appropriate equation from section 5.2 of appendix F to 40 CFR Part 75 (mmbtu/r) t = Unit or stack operating time for our in te specified time period, fraction of te our, expressed as a decimal (e.g., 1.00 for a full operating our, 0.5 for 30 minutes of operation, 0.00 for a non-operating our, etc.) 10 6 = Conversion factor from mmbtu to TBtu n = Number of clock ours in te specified time period Calculation of Percentage Reduction Use Equation 13 to calculate te percentage reduction of Hg acieved in te specified time period: E E = (Equation 13) E r m (% R) x 100 rate Were: (%R) rate = Percentage reduction of Hg acieved in te specified time period, emission rate basis (percent) E r = Inlet Hg emission rate for te specified time period, from Equation 12 (lb/tbtu) E m = Outlet Hg emission rate for te specified time period, from Equation 6 (lb/tbtu) Missing Data Provisions Missing data substitution is required wenever a measured value of a parameter needed to calculate te ourly Hg mass emissions, Hg emission rate, or percentage reduction is not available. Use te following procedures, as applicable, to provide r 16

17 substitute data values wen essential data from Hg emission tests, CEMS, auxiliary monitoring systems, certified backup monitoring systems, reference metods, or coal sampling and analysis are unavailable Hg Emission Tests If te initial qualification test described in section 2 of tis protocol is not successfully completed by te compliance deadline specified in an applicable regulation, use te maximum potential Hg concentration (as defined in section of tis protocol) in te emissions calculations until te required test is completed. If a retest required by section 3 of tis protocol is not successfully completed by te deadline, multiply te value of C from te previous test by 1.5 and use te resultant value in te emissions calculations until te required retest is completed Auxiliary Monitoring Systems. For te auxiliary monitoring systems (flow rate, diluent gas, and moisture), follow te applicable missing data procedures in Subpart D of 40 CFR Part Coal Sampling and Analysis If te results of te analysis of a daily coal sample are eiter invalid or unavailable, use a substitute data value for tat day. Te substitute data value sall eiter be: (a) te average Hg content or average GCV (as applicable) from te previous 30 valid daily samples; or (b) te average of all Hg content or GCV values (as applicable) obtained to date if te fewer tan 30 valid istorical sample results are available. If no valid istorical Hg content or GCV data are available data are available, apply te results of te first valid sample retrospectively to all missing data days Data Availability Every effort sould be made to obtain valid data and to minimize te use of missing data substitution. Data availability of at least 90 percent for all parameters is believed to be bot reasonable and acievable. 7. Analytical Procedures For te fuel sampling and analysis described in section of tis protocol, use te following sampling and analytical metods. Sample te coal using ASTM Metod D , wit Type I increment collection, Conditions A, B, or C and systematic spacing. Alternatively, coal samples may be collected according to 40 CFR (c). Use ASTM D to prepare te samples for analysis. Determine te Hg content of te coal using ASTM D , ASTM D , or ASTM D Determine te GCV using ASTM D or ASTM D More recent versions of any of tese ASTM metods may be used. 17

18 8. Quality Assurance 8.1 On-going QA Testing of Auxiliary Monitoring System(s) On-going quality-assurance (QA) testing of te auxiliary monitoring system(s) sall be performed according to appendix B to 40 CFR Part QA/QC Program Te owner or operator sall develop and implement a quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) program, as follows: Te reference metod(s) used for te Hg emission tests and retests required by sections 2 and 3 of tis protocol sall be identified and a copy of te test procedures sall be kept on file. All test data, calculations and final results sall be kept for at least tree years, in a format suitable for audit and inspection For units and common stack configurations tat ave FGD systems or add-on Hg emission controls, if parametric data are used to verify proper control device operation, te QA plan sall identify te parameters tat are monitored and te acceptable range of values for eac parameter. If data from a certified SO 2 monitor are used to verify proper operation of a FGD system, te monitor sall be included in te QA plan For te auxiliary monitoring system(s), follow te applicable procedures in section 1 of appendix B to 40 CFR Part Te QA plan sall include an explanation of te procedures used for coal sampling and analysis (if applicable). Te results of all coal analyses sall be kept on file in a format suitable for inspection and auditing, for at least tree years. 9. Reporting Guidelines Quarterly electronic reporting of data from te Hg emission tests and te auxiliary monitoring systems is recommended, unless oterwise specified in an applicable regulation or policy. If electronic reporting is implemented, supporting information must also be provided to enable compreensive electronic auditing of te emissions data. At a minimum, te following data elements sould be reported electronically: 9.1 Unit Information Report unit information, including, but not limited to, te unit ID number, te maximum rated eat input capacity, te operating range (in terms of load), te normal operating load(s), te type(s) of fuel combusted, and te type(s) of emission controls. For a group of identical units, assign a group ID number and identify eac unit in te group. 18

19 9.2 Stack Information For units tat sare a monitored common stack or tat ave multiple stack exaust configurations or bypass stacks, report te stack ID number(s) and sow te unit/stack relationsips. 9.3 Monitoring System Information Report information for eac auxiliary monitoring system, including, but not limited to, system location, parameter monitored, system and component ID numbers, and component data (e.g., component type, manufacturer, model, serial number, installation date, etc.). 9.4 Span and Range Information 9.5 Formulas Report span and range information for te auxiliary monitoring system(s). Report, as applicable, te matematical formulas tat are used to calculate ourly Hg mass emissions and Hg emission rates. 9.6 Operating Data Report ourly unit operating data including, but not limited to, date and our, unit (or stack) operating time, unit load, and te type of fuel combusted. 9.7 Emissions Data Hourly Data Raw Data Report ourly Hg concentrations, derived from te results of te required Hg emission tests (i.e., te appropriate C values from sections troug , above). Also report ourly data from te flow monitor and from any oter auxiliary monitoring systems. Were bias adjustment is required, report bot te unadjusted and bias-adjusted values. Report te our-by-our percent monitor data availability (PMA) for all monitored parameters. Indicate wic ourly values of eac monitored parameter are quality-assured and wic ones are substitute data values Derived Values. Report te ourly Hg mass emissions (from Equation 3A or 3B) and, if applicable, te calculated ourly emission rates. 19

20 9.7.2 Cumulative and Average Values Report, as applicable, te cumulative Hg mass emissions and/or average Hg emission rates (e.g., quarterly and year-to-date totals or averages). 9.8 Test Data and Results Report te results of all Hg emissions tests and retests required under sections 2 and 3 of tis protocol. Indicate te value of C derived from eac test Report, as applicable, detailed quality assurance test data and summarized results, for te following QA tests of te auxiliary monitoring systems: calibration error tests, linearity cecks, and RATAs If applicable, report te results of all coal analyses for Hg content and GCV. 10. Metod Performance Tese monitoring criteria and procedures ave been applied to coal-fired utility boilers (including units wit post-combustion emission controls), aving vapor-pase Hg concentrations ranging from 0.03 µg/dscm to 100 µg/dscm. 20